Head and neck assessment

Question 1

2 pairs of salivery glands accessible

Answer 1

parotid glands are over cheeks in the mandible , anterior to and below the ear , not palpable

Question 2

Sternomastoid enables

Answer 2

Head rotation and flexion and divides each side of neck into two triangles: anterior and posterior triangles

Question 3

Two trapezius muscles move

Answer 3

shoulders and extend and turn head.

Question 4

Lymphatic drainage

Answer 4

Helps to prevent potentially harmful substances from entering the circulation
You should be familiar with direction of drainage patterns of lymph nodes.

Question 5

greatest supply of lymph nodes is found

Answer 5

Greatest supply is in head and neck.

Question 6

Preauricular

Answer 6

in front of the ear

Question 7

Posterior auricular (mastoid)

Answer 7

Superficial to mastoid process

Question 8

Occipital

Answer 8

At base of skull

Question 9

Submental

Answer 9

Midline, behind tip of mandible

Question 10

Submandibular

Answer 10

Halfway between angle and tip of mandible

Question 11

Jugulodigastric

Answer 11

Under angle of mandible

Question 12

Superficial cervical

Answer 12

Overlying sternomastoid muscle

Question 13

Deep cervical

Answer 13

Deep under sternomastoid muscle

Question 14

Posterior cervical

Answer 14

In posterior triangle along edge of trapezius muscle

Question 15

Supraclavicular

Answer 15

Just above and behind clavicle, at sternomastoid muscle

Question 16

closure of the fontanels

Answer 16

triangular shaped fontanels close at 1-2 months,
diamond shaped anterior closes between 9 and 2 years

Question 17

growth of what predominates during the fetal period ?

Answer 17

head growth ( head size will be greater than the chest circumference

Question 18

In infancy, what growth predominates

Answer 18

trunk growth

Question 19

at birth is lymphoid tissue well developed ?

Answer 19

true , it is well developed and will grow to adult size when the child is 6

Question 20

what takes place in adolescance

Answer 20

noticeable enlargement of the thyroid cartilege, voice will deepen from this

Question 21

an enlarged lymph node will be

Answer 21

greater than 1 cm

Question 22

cancerous nodes will be

Answer 22

feel like a rock, bigger than 3 cm, unilateral , non tender, fixed to adjacent structure

Question 23

with chronic inflammation , the nodes will be ?

Answer 23

clumped ( think TB )

Question 24

A single enlarged, nontender, hard left supraclavicular node may indicate

Answer 24

neoplasm in thorax or abdomen (Virchow node

Question 25

thyroid gland inspection

Answer 25

Difficult to palpate; check for enlargement, consistency, symmetry, and presence of nodules
Position patient for best approach

Question 26

if thyroid is enlarged,

Answer 26

Auscultate for bruit ( soft pulsating wooshing sound, blowing sound

Question 27

during infancy which lymph nodes are palpable ?

Answer 27

cervical nodes are not palpable, but lymph nodes will be( palpable nodes that are less than 3mm is normal

Question 28

what is multi nodular goiter?

Answer 28

Multiple nodules usually indicate inflammation or multinodular goiter rather than a neoplasm; however, suspect any rapidly enlarging or firm nodule

Question 29

Simple diffuse goiter

Answer 29

Endemic goiter due to iodine deficiency that results in chronic enlargement of the thyroid gland

Question 30

Pilar cyst

Answer 30

Benign growth that presents as smooth, fluctuant swelling on scalp

Question 31

Parotid gland enlargement

Answer 31

Rapid painful enlargement seen in response to mumps, blockage of duct, abscess, or tumor

Question 32

Congenital torticollis

Question 33

graves disease presentation

Answer 33

Goiter
Eyelid retraction
Exophthalmos

Question 34

hypothyroidsm presentation

Answer 34

Puffy edematous face
Periorbital edema
Coarse facial features
Coarse hair and eyebrows