genitourary systems male and female Flashcards
what is the tail of spence ?
the most common area where breast cancer occues
lympathic drainage of the breasts
Central axillary nodes
Pectoral (anterior)
Subscapular (posterior)
Lateral
From the central axillary nodes, drainage flows up to infraclavicular and supraclavicular nodes
lymphopathy ?
marbles
what is tanner staging ?
Five stages of breast development are included as levels of sexual maturity
men breast tissue
they still can get breast cancer , make sure they dont have any discharge
Gynecomastia:
breast tissue to temporarily enlarge.marjuana causes breast enlargement
BRCA1 and BRCA 2
genes that make women more likely to gte breast cancer ro ovarian cancer, in men they will more likely get prostate cancer, they have lost there detection system
Self breast exam
looking for dry skin, dimples . breasts need to hang in pendulum in prder to do a proper exam
characteristics of lump or mass
Location
As with clock face, describe distance in centimeters from nipple; or diagram breast in woman’s record and mark in location of lump.
Size
Judge in centimeters in three dimensions: width, length, and thickness.
Shape
State whether lump is oval, round, lobulated, or indistinct.
Consistency
State whether lump is soft, firm, or hard.
Movable
Is lump freely movable or fixed when you try to slide it over chest wall?
Distinctness
Is lump solitary or multiple?
Nipple
Is it displaced or retracted?
Note skin over lump
Is it erythematous, dimpled, or retracted?
Tenderness
Is lump tender to palpation?
Lymphadenopathy
Are any regional lymph nodes palpable?
there should no no drainage from the nipple unless mother is nursing or pregnant
position for self breast exam
should be lying down and put arms in the air andreach down to breast
is it normal for breasts to change during the month ?
yes they will change with hormone fluctuations
how often should women do a self exam
1 time a month
serious infecrions for men
if they are engaging in anal sex, if they have an STI
testicular cancer,
seen more with young men
prostate cancer
seen more with old men
testicular self exam teaching points
T—timing, once a month
S—shower, warm water relaxes scrotal sac
E—examine, check for, and report changes immediately
Encourage self-care by teaching every male from 13 to 14 years old through adulthood how to examine his own testicles
testicular torsion
hernias within the testicle
Hydrocele
Spermatocele
Varicocele
orchitis
infection of the teste
Scrotal hernia
enlargement of scrotum
hemroids
straining and sitting on the toilet, pregnancy.
BPH
benign prostate hyperplasia( enalargment of the prostate, hestantancy , hard to pee), urgency , and frequency
FIT test
stool test
ovarian cancer
silent killer for women, very minimal signs and symptoms
cervical cancer
is caused by HPV 16 and 18
HIGHEST risk for women to get hpv
many sexual partners
only do pap smear until you are 21
pap smear only checks for
cervical cancer
people who are at a highest risk for cervical cancer
black women( poor socioeconomic status )
MEN ARE getting throat cancer
from HPV
pap smear
Pap smear screens for cervical cancer, but not for endometrial or ovarian cancer
prostate antigen when do we test ??
