Neurological

Question 1

hemi-

Answer 1

half

Question 2

esthesi

Answer 2

sensation

Question 3

mento

Answer 3

mind

Question 4

rhizo

Answer 4

nerve root

Question 5

-cele

Answer 5

hernia

Question 6

=genic

Answer 6

producing/orginating

Question 7

-ictal

Answer 7

seizure/attack

Question 8

Polyneuropathy

Answer 8

poly/neur/o/pathy
disease of multiple peripheral nerves at the same time

Question 9

Hyperesthesia

Answer 9

Sensitive to stimuli

Question 10

Psychosis

Answer 10

a severe mental disorder in which a person loses the ability to recognize reality or relate to others

Question 11

Polyneuritis

Answer 11

inflammation of several peripheral nerves at the same time

Question 12

Poliomyelitis

Answer 12

poli/o/myel/itis
acute infection by the poliovirus, especially of the motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem

Question 13

hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 13

hem/o/rrhagic stroke
disruption of blood flow to the brain caused by bleeding within the cranial vault

Question 14

Cerebral Angiography

Answer 14

cerebr/al angi/o/graphy
process of recording the blood vessels of the cerebrum

Question 15

Meningocele

Answer 15

protrusion of the meninges

Question 16

meningomyelocele

Answer 16

mening/o/myel/o/cele
protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord

Question 17

meningomyelocele

Answer 17

mening/o/myel/o/cele
protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord

Question 18

Paresthesia

Answer 18

abnormal sensation in the extremities

Question 19

Meningioma

Answer 19

meningi/oma
tumor of the meninges

Question 20

Hydrocephalus

Answer 20

hydr/o/cephal/us
abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain

Question 21

CNS

Answer 21

Brain and spinal cord

Question 22

PNS

Answer 22

Everything beyond the brain and spinal cord

Question 23

What do Neurons do?

Answer 23

Computation and communication. Electrically active and release chemical signals to target cells.

Question 24

What do glial cells/glia do?

Answer 24

Neuron supporters, might be signalers. Neurons need these to work.

Question 25

Soma

Answer 25

cell body

Question 26

Axon

Answer 26

the fiber that connects a neuron to its target (branches off the axon soma)

Question 27

Dendrite

Answer 27

Branches off the soma, responsible for receiving input from neurons

Question 28

Gray Matter

Answer 28

Cell bodies and dendrites

Question 29

White Matter

Answer 29

Axons

Question 30

Four major regions of the brain

Answer 30

Cerebrum, Diencephalon, Brain Stem, and Cerebellum

Question 31

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 31

The outer wrinkled portion of the brain, grey matter

Gyrus is the ridge of the wrinkle, and a sulcus is in between Gyri

Question 32

Cerebrum is divided into two halves. What is the divider, and what are the halves called?

Answer 32

Divider is the longitudinal fissure. There is a right and left cerebral hemisphere

Question 33

Corpus Callosum

Answer 33

Major pathway for communication between the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

Question 34

What part of the brain controls memory, emotion, and consciousness

Answer 34

Cerebrum

Question 35

Diencephalon

Answer 35

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithamulus (contains pineal gland), and subthalamus (contains basal nuclei)

Question 36

Thalamus

Answer 36

a collection of nuclei that relay information between the cerebral cortex and the periphery, spinal cord, or brainstem. All sensory information, except for the sense of smell, passes through the thalamus before processing by the cortex.

The primary output of the basal nuclei is to the thalamus, which relays that output to the cerebral cortex. The cortex also sends information to the thalamus that will then influence the effects of the basal nuclei.

Question 37

Hypothalamus

Answer 37

the executive region in charge of the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system through its regulation of the anterior pituitary gland. Other parts of the hypothalamus are involved in memory and emotion as part of the limbic system.

Question 38

What are the parts of the brainstem?

Answer 38

Midbrain, Pons, Hindbrain, and Medulla

Question 39

What do the midbrain and hindbrain do?

Answer 39

coordinates sensory representations of the visual, auditory, and somatosensory perceptual spaces. The pons is the main connection with the cerebellum. The pons and the medulla regulate several crucial functions, including the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and rates.

Question 40

Cerebellum (little brain)

Answer 40

The cerebellum is largely responsible for comparing information from the cerebrum with sensory feedback from the periphery through the spinal cord. It accounts for approximately 10% of the mass of the brain.

Question 40

Cerebellum (little brain)

Answer 40

The cerebellum is largely responsible for comparing information from the cerebrum with sensory feedback from the periphery through the spinal cord. It accounts for approximately 10% of the mass of the brain.

Question 41

Cauda Equina

Answer 41

Bundle of nerves that run through the intervertebral foramina

Question 42

Neurons

Answer 42

responsible for the electrical signals that communicate information about sensations, and that produce movements in response to those stimuli, along with inducing thought processes within the brain.

Question 43

Explain how a neuron works

Answer 43

the main part of a neuron is the cell body, which is also known as the soma (soma = “body”). The cell body contains the nucleus and most of the major organelles. What makes neurons special is that they have many extensions of their cell membranes, which are generally referred to as processes. Neurons are usually described as having one, and only one, axon—a fiber that emerges from the cell body and projects to target cells. That single axon can branch repeatedly to communicate with many target cells. It is the axon that propagates the nerve impulse, which is communicated to one or more cells. The other processes of the neuron are dendrites, which receive information from other neurons at specialized areas of contact called synapses. The dendrites are usually highly branched processes, providing locations for other neurons to communicate with the cell body. Information flows through a neuron from the dendrites, across the cell body, and down the axon. This gives the neuron a polarity—meaning that information flows in this one direction.

Question 44

Three different types of neurons

Answer 44

Unipolar, Bipolar, and Multipolar

Question 45

Unipolar Neurons

Answer 45

only one process emerging from the cell. True unipolar cells are only found in invertebrate animals, so the unipolar cells in humans are more appropriately called “pseudo-unipolar” cells. Invertebrate unipolar cells do not have dendrites.

Question 46

Bipolar Neurons

Answer 46

two processes, which extend from each end of the cell body, opposite to each other. One is the axon and one the dendrite. Bipolar cells are not very common. They are found mainly in the olfactory epithelium (where smell stimuli are sensed), and as part of the retina.