Neurological Flashcards

Question

Soma

Answer 1

the fiber that connects a neuron to its target (branches off the axon soma)

Answer 2

Branches off the soma, responsible for receiving input from neurons

Answer 3

Cell bodies and dendrites

Answer 4

Cerebrum, Diencephalon, Brain Stem, and Cerebellum

Answer 5

The outer wrinkled portion of the brain, grey matter Gyrus is the ridge of the wrinkle, and a sulcus is in between Gyri

Answer 6

Divider is the longitudinal fissure. There is a right and left cerebral hemisphere

Answer 7

Major pathway for communication between the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

Answer 8

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithamulus (contains pineal gland), and subthalamus (contains basal nuclei)

Answer 9

a collection of nuclei that relay information between the cerebral cortex and the periphery, spinal cord, or brainstem. All sensory information, except for the sense of smell, passes through the thalamus before processing by the cortex. The primary output of the basal nuclei is to the thalamus, which relays that output to the cerebral cortex. The cortex also sends information to the thalamus that will then influence the effects of the basal nuclei.

Answer 10

the executive region in charge of the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system through its regulation of the anterior pituitary gland. Other parts of the hypothalamus are involved in memory and emotion as part of the limbic system.

Answer 11

Midbrain, Pons, Hindbrain, and Medulla

Answer 12

coordinates sensory representations of the visual, auditory, and somatosensory perceptual spaces. The pons is the main connection with the cerebellum. The pons and the medulla regulate several crucial functions, including the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and rates.

Answer 13

The cerebellum is largely responsible for comparing information from the cerebrum with sensory feedback from the periphery through the spinal cord. It accounts for approximately 10% of the mass of the brain.

Answer 14

The cerebellum is largely responsible for comparing information from the cerebrum with sensory feedback from the periphery through the spinal cord. It accounts for approximately 10% of the mass of the brain.

Answer 15

Bundle of nerves that run through the intervertebral foramina

Answer 16

responsible for the electrical signals that communicate information about sensations, and that produce movements in response to those stimuli, along with inducing thought processes within the brain.

Answer 17

the main part of a neuron is the cell body, which is also known as the soma (soma = “body”). The cell body contains the nucleus and most of the major organelles. What makes neurons special is that they have many extensions of their cell membranes, which are generally referred to as processes. Neurons are usually described as having one, and only one, axon—a fiber that emerges from the cell body and projects to target cells. That single axon can branch repeatedly to communicate with many target cells. It is the axon that propagates the nerve impulse, which is communicated to one or more cells. The other processes of the neuron are dendrites, which receive information from other neurons at specialized areas of contact called synapses. The dendrites are usually highly branched processes, providing locations for other neurons to communicate with the cell body. Information flows through a neuron from the dendrites, across the cell body, and down the axon. This gives the neuron a polarity—meaning that information flows in this one direction.

Answer 18

Unipolar, Bipolar, and Multipolar

Answer 19

only one process emerging from the cell. True unipolar cells are only found in invertebrate animals, so the unipolar cells in humans are more appropriately called “pseudo-unipolar” cells. Invertebrate unipolar cells do not have dendrites.

Answer 20

two processes, which extend from each end of the cell body, opposite to each other. One is the axon and one the dendrite. Bipolar cells are not very common. They are found mainly in the olfactory epithelium (where smell stimuli are sensed), and as part of the retina.