Digestive Flashcards
an/o
anus
antr/o
antrum
cec/o
cecum
celi/o
abdomen
cheil/o
lip
cholangi/o
bile duct
choledeoch/o
common bile duct
col/o
colon
enter/o
intestine
gastr/o
stomach
gloss/o
tongue
ile/o
ileum
lapar/o
abdomen
lingu/o
tongue
or/o
mouth
polyp/o
small growth
proct/o
rectum
pylor/o
pylorus
sial
steat/o
stomat/o
mouth
uvul/o
uvula
-cele
hernia
-pepsia
digestion
-phagia
eating or swallowing
steatorrhea
condition characterized by chronic fatty diarrhea
gastritis
inflammation of the lining of the stomach
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
gastrojejunostomy
surgical procedure that connects part of the stomach to the jejunum
polyposis
the development of numerous polyps
celiac
pertaining to the abdomen
diverticulitis
inflammation of one or more pouches or sacs that bulge out from the wall of a hollow organ, such as the colon
Diverticulosis
condition marked by small sacs or pouches in the walls of a hollow organ, such as the colon
ileostomy
procedure in which the ileum is brought through the abdominal wall
Dyspepsia
upset stomach
stomatitis
inflammation or irritation of the mucous membranes in the mouth.
cholangiography
cholangi/o/graphy
radiographic imaging of the bile duct
Rectocele
herniation of the rectum into the vagina
pyloromyotomy
incision into the pyloric muscle
choledocholithiasis
choledoch/o/lith/iasis
condition of stones in the common bile duct
cholangioma
cholangi/oma
tumor of the bile duct
nasogastric
nas/o/gastr/ic
describes the passage from the nose to the stomach
lymphoid
lymph/oid
referring to lymphocytes or tissue in which lymphocytes develop
sialolith
sial/o/lith
stone in the salivary gland
labia
lips
Fauces
Opening between the mouth and throat “kitchen faucet”
Fauces
Opening between the mouth and throat “kitchen faucet”
peristalsis
sequential, alternating waves of contraction and relaxation of alimentary wall smooth muscles, which act to propel food along
Bile from the liver
a mixture secreted by the liver to accomplish the emulsification of lipids in the small intestine.
Bilirubin
the main bile pigment, is a waste product produced when the spleen removes old or damaged red blood cells from the circulation. These breakdown products, including proteins, iron, and toxic bilirubin, are transported to the liver via the splenic vein of the hepatic portal system. In the liver, proteins and iron are recycled, whereas bilirubin is excreted in the bile. It accounts for the green color of bile. Bilirubin is eventually transformed by intestinal bacteria into stercobilin, a brown pigment that gives your stool its characteristic color. In some disease states, bile does not enter the intestine, resulting in white (‘acholic’) stool with a high fat content, since virtually no fats are broken down or absorbed.
What is mastication?
chewing
Chyme
The mechanical churning of food in the stomach serves to further break it apart and expose more of its surface area to digestive juices, creating an acidic “soup”
Mechanical Digestion
purely physical process that does not change the chemical nature of the food. Instead, it makes the food smaller to increase both surface area and mobility.
Segmentation
which occurs mainly in the small intestine, consists of localized contractions of circular muscle of the muscularis layer of the alimentary canal. These contractions isolate small sections of the intestine, moving their contents back and forth while continuously subdividing, breaking up, and mixing the contents. By moving food back and forth in the intestinal lumen, segmentation mixes food with digestive juices and facilitates absorption.
Chemical Digestion
starting in the mouth, digestive secretions break down complex food molecules into their chemical building blocks (for example, proteins into separate amino acids). These secretions vary in composition but typically contain water, various enzymes, acids, and salts. The process is completed in the small intestine.
Absorption
Food that has been broken down is of no value to the body unless it enters the bloodstream and its nutrients are put to work. This occurs through the process of absorption, which takes place primarily within the small intestine.
Absorption
Food that has been broken down is of no value to the body unless it enters the bloodstream and its nutrients are put to work. This occurs through the process of absorption, which takes place primarily within the small intestine.
Ascites
abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen that may cause swelling.
hemorrhoid
enlarged or swollen blood vessel, usually located near the anus or the rectum
melena
black, tarry feces containing blood
flatus
gas in the intestine
dysentery
acute inflammation of the intestine presenting with abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
caused by stomach acid flowing upwards into the esophagus. Those suffering from the condition will often feel a burning sensation in the chest or throat
cirrhosis
a type of chronic, progressive liver disease in which liver cells are replaced by scar tissue
Cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder. Gall stone development can block the gallbladder’s release of bile, leading to an inflammatory response.
Hepatitis (in general)
Inflammation of the liver is referred to as hepatitis. It can be caused by heavy alcohol use, toxins, drugs, or as a result of an autoimmune response, but it is most often caused by a virus. Viral hepatitis is caused by one of several viruses: hepatitis A, B, C, D, or E.
Hepatitis A
fecal oral route - get the vaccine
Hepatitis B
bodily fluid, sexual transmission, contact with shared objects, sharing of equipment
Hepatitis C
bodily fluid, sexual transmission, nosocomial infection, childbirth, or blood transfusion
Hepatitis D
Only occur in people with hepatitis B
Hepatitis E
fecal-oral route. Contaminated water, undercooked, uncooked meat
Celiac Disease (Sprue)
have an immune sensitivity reaction occurring in the small intestines when they consume gluten. Typically people with this condition are genetically predisposed to the condition. Damage to the small intestine will occur if continued consumption of gluten occurs.
Crohn’s disease
chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) whereby a section or segments of the digestive tract experience inflammation.
Most commonly affects small intestine
IBS
a common disorder affecting the large intestines. It often involves abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel movements, although individuals with IBS may experience remission and flare-ups. Diet and lifestyle modifications often help in the management of the condition.
Polyps
a small growth of tissue protruding from the intestinal wall. Most are harmless but can transition over time into a cancerous growth. Typically, they are found in men and adults. over the age of 45
