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Med Term PA > Digestive > Flashcards

Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

an/o

A

anus

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2
Q

antr/o

A

antrum

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3
Q

cec/o

A

cecum

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4
Q

celi/o

A

abdomen

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5
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

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6
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile duct

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7
Q

choledeoch/o

A

common bile duct

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8
Q

col/o

A

colon

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9
Q

enter/o

A

intestine

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10
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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11
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

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12
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

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13
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

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14
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

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15
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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16
Q

polyp/o

A

small growth

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17
Q

proct/o

A

rectum

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18
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus

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19
Q

sial

A

steat/o

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20
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

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21
Q

uvul/o

A

uvula

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22
Q

-cele

A

hernia

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23
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

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24
Q

-phagia

A

eating or swallowing

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25
Q

steatorrhea

A

condition characterized by chronic fatty diarrhea

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26
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the lining of the stomach

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27
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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28
Q

gastrojejunostomy

A

surgical procedure that connects part of the stomach to the jejunum

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29
Q

polyposis

A

the development of numerous polyps

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30
Q

celiac

A

pertaining to the abdomen

31
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of one or more pouches or sacs that bulge out from the wall of a hollow organ, such as the colon

32
Q

Diverticulosis

A

condition marked by small sacs or pouches in the walls of a hollow organ, such as the colon

33
Q

ileostomy

A

procedure in which the ileum is brought through the abdominal wall

34
Q

Dyspepsia

A

upset stomach

35
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation or irritation of the mucous membranes in the mouth.

36
Q

cholangiography

A

cholangi/o/graphy
radiographic imaging of the bile duct

37
Q

Rectocele

A

herniation of the rectum into the vagina

38
Q

pyloromyotomy

A

incision into the pyloric muscle

39
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

choledoch/o/lith/iasis
condition of stones in the common bile duct

40
Q

cholangioma

A

cholangi/oma
tumor of the bile duct

41
Q

nasogastric

A

nas/o/gastr/ic
describes the passage from the nose to the stomach

42
Q

lymphoid

A

lymph/oid
referring to lymphocytes or tissue in which lymphocytes develop

43
Q

sialolith

A

sial/o/lith
stone in the salivary gland

44
Q

labia

A

lips

45
Q

Fauces

A

Opening between the mouth and throat “kitchen faucet”

46
Q

Fauces

A

Opening between the mouth and throat “kitchen faucet”

47
Q

peristalsis

A

sequential, alternating waves of contraction and relaxation of alimentary wall smooth muscles, which act to propel food along

48
Q

Bile from the liver

A

a mixture secreted by the liver to accomplish the emulsification of lipids in the small intestine.

49
Q

Bilirubin

A

the main bile pigment, is a waste product produced when the spleen removes old or damaged red blood cells from the circulation. These breakdown products, including proteins, iron, and toxic bilirubin, are transported to the liver via the splenic vein of the hepatic portal system. In the liver, proteins and iron are recycled, whereas bilirubin is excreted in the bile. It accounts for the green color of bile. Bilirubin is eventually transformed by intestinal bacteria into stercobilin, a brown pigment that gives your stool its characteristic color. In some disease states, bile does not enter the intestine, resulting in white (‘acholic’) stool with a high fat content, since virtually no fats are broken down or absorbed.

50
Q

What is mastication?

A

chewing

51
Q

Chyme

A

The mechanical churning of food in the stomach serves to further break it apart and expose more of its surface area to digestive juices, creating an acidic “soup”

52
Q

Mechanical Digestion

A

purely physical process that does not change the chemical nature of the food. Instead, it makes the food smaller to increase both surface area and mobility.

53
Q

Segmentation

A

which occurs mainly in the small intestine, consists of localized contractions of circular muscle of the muscularis layer of the alimentary canal. These contractions isolate small sections of the intestine, moving their contents back and forth while continuously subdividing, breaking up, and mixing the contents. By moving food back and forth in the intestinal lumen, segmentation mixes food with digestive juices and facilitates absorption.

54
Q

Chemical Digestion

A

starting in the mouth, digestive secretions break down complex food molecules into their chemical building blocks (for example, proteins into separate amino acids). These secretions vary in composition but typically contain water, various enzymes, acids, and salts. The process is completed in the small intestine.

55
Q

Absorption

A

Food that has been broken down is of no value to the body unless it enters the bloodstream and its nutrients are put to work. This occurs through the process of absorption, which takes place primarily within the small intestine.

56
Q

Absorption

A

Food that has been broken down is of no value to the body unless it enters the bloodstream and its nutrients are put to work. This occurs through the process of absorption, which takes place primarily within the small intestine.

57
Q

Ascites

A

abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen that may cause swelling.

58
Q

hemorrhoid

A

enlarged or swollen blood vessel, usually located near the anus or the rectum

59
Q

melena

A

black, tarry feces containing blood

60
Q

flatus

A

gas in the intestine

61
Q

dysentery

A

acute inflammation of the intestine presenting with abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea

61
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

caused by stomach acid flowing upwards into the esophagus. Those suffering from the condition will often feel a burning sensation in the chest or throat

62
Q

cirrhosis

A

a type of chronic, progressive liver disease in which liver cells are replaced by scar tissue

63
Q

Cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder. Gall stone development can block the gallbladder’s release of bile, leading to an inflammatory response.

64
Q

Hepatitis (in general)

A

Inflammation of the liver is referred to as hepatitis. It can be caused by heavy alcohol use, toxins, drugs, or as a result of an autoimmune response, but it is most often caused by a virus. Viral hepatitis is caused by one of several viruses: hepatitis A, B, C, D, or E.

65
Q

Hepatitis A

A

fecal oral route - get the vaccine

66
Q

Hepatitis B

A

bodily fluid, sexual transmission, contact with shared objects, sharing of equipment

67
Q

Hepatitis C

A

bodily fluid, sexual transmission, nosocomial infection, childbirth, or blood transfusion

68
Q

Hepatitis D

A

Only occur in people with hepatitis B

69
Q

Hepatitis E

A

fecal-oral route. Contaminated water, undercooked, uncooked meat

70
Q

Celiac Disease (Sprue)

A

have an immune sensitivity reaction occurring in the small intestines when they consume gluten. Typically people with this condition are genetically predisposed to the condition. Damage to the small intestine will occur if continued consumption of gluten occurs.

71
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) whereby a section or segments of the digestive tract experience inflammation.

Most commonly affects small intestine

72
Q

IBS

A

a common disorder affecting the large intestines. It often involves abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel movements, although individuals with IBS may experience remission and flare-ups. Diet and lifestyle modifications often help in the management of the condition.

73
Q

Polyps

A

a small growth of tissue protruding from the intestinal wall. Most are harmless but can transition over time into a cancerous growth. Typically, they are found in men and adults. over the age of 45

Med Term PA (11 decks)

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