Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro online course > Neuroimmunology/ID + laughing > Flashcards

Neuroimmunology/ID + laughing Flashcards

0
Q

Generalized MG likely to have what Abs+

A

59% blocking, 90% modulating and binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

what percentage of pts w/ myasthenia have anti-AChR Abs.

If not check what?

A

90% (all comers)

If not check anti-MUSK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ocular MG, what % different antibodies

A

only 30% blocking, 70% modulating and binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

THe antibody that is often positive in generalized myasthenia WITH thymoma

A

anti-striated muscle antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What % of people with myasthenia are likely to have a thymoma
Who should have surgery?

A

10-15%

likely beneficial in patients < 65y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Typical dosing of mestinon/Pyridostigmine in Myasthenia Gravis

A

60mg TID-QID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Meds to use in myasthenia crisis

A

Can use IV MEstinon which is 2mg q2-3 hrs
(Steroids can worsen)
Typically:
Plasmaphoresis, IVIG, maybe Rituxan or Etanercept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pathology of vasculitic neuropathy?

A

involvement of vasa nervorum resulting in ischemic nerve damage and axonal loss / degeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

GBS variant very often assoc with antecedent C jejuni?

A

AMAN: acute motor axonal neuropathy, rapid progression, motor only variant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

antibody associated with the Miller Fischer variant of GBS and what is the presentation

A

ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, areflexia. only rarely with limb weakness
Anti-GQ1B antibody
assoc w/ Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

4 other dx to consider in suspected GBS if there is CSF pleocytosois

A
  1. HIV
  2. Lyme
  3. neoplasia
  4. sarcoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 main CIDP variants and their clues

A
  1. MADSAM: multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor, primarily upper limb
  2. DADS: distal acquired demyelinating symmetric neuropathy which may or may not be with IgM gammopathy (poor response to meds) or idiopathic which responds to steroids/IVIG
  3. CIDP w/ gammopathy IgG or IgA MGUS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does multifocal motor neuropathy typically present and what marker and treatment?

A

asymmetric limb weakness in males > females, also think conduction block
anti-GM1 antibodies
Responds to IVIG but NOT steroids or plasmapharesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

household member prophylaxis for meningitis with what bug and what tx?

A

Neisseria meningitis, 2d rifampin or IM Ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

bugs seen in brain abscess in immunocompetent (3)

A

Streptococcus milleri&raquo_space; S. aureus, Enterobacteriaceae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

brain abscess pathogens in immunocompromised

A

listeria, nocardia, Toxo gondi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

4 drug tx for TB and main s/e of each

A 
Rifampin: liver
INH: neuropathy add B6
Pyrazinamide : liver
Ethambutol: optic neuritis
(RIPE)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what stage of syphilis may involve meningitis, cranial neuropathies and what time frame after exposure?

A

secondary 2-12 weeks followed by latent stage
OR
tertiary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

possible neurologic complications with tertiary syphilis (4) and their timing

A
  1. meningitis and complications (early)
  2. meningovascular w/ stroke or large vessel aneurysm 4-7yrs after
  3. paresis and progressive dementia 15-20 yrs later
  4. tabes dorsalis w/ dysesthsia and autonomic dysfunction and sensory ataxia 15-20 yrs later
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

nontreponemal tests and their time frame for positivity

A

nontreponemal: RPR and VDRL: nonspecific, positive after 5-6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

treponemal tests and their time frame for positivity

A

FTAB positive after 3-4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

things that c can cause false positive treponemal FTAB test?

A

lyme, herpes, pregnancy, ,mixed CT disorder/SLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

most specific test for neurosyphilis

A

CSF VDRL (not traumatic tap)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

think of what with aseptic meningitis but PMN pleocytosis

What else might you see clinically

A

West Nile virus

polio like weakness / BG movement d/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

meningoencephalitis and movement disorder

A

WNV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

virus that can cause benign recurrent aseptic meningitis

A

HSV2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

viruses in fall vs summer

A

fall: enterovirus (echo/coxsackie)
summer: arbovirus (WNV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

HSV 1 vs 2 in sx/dx

A

HSV1 : encephalitis

HSV 2: meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

treatment for HSV1 encephalitis?

A

acyclovir 30mg/kg/day divided q8 2-3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what should you suspect in meningitis in pt w/ hamster or rodent exposure and face pain/rash? What does CSF usually show

A

lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus LCMV

CSF: very high WBC and very low glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

common cns bug in patients w solid organ transplantation and stem cell trp

A

aspergillus at all stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

most common meningitis in pt w/ HIV (3)

A

cryptococcus
mycobacterium TB
Treponema pallidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

nonfocal / encephalitis in HIV three etiologies

A
  1. HIV dementia
  2. CMV
  3. encephalitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Focal sx in HIV pt top 4

A
  1. toxoplasma gondii
  2. TB
  3. Primary CNS lymphoma (EBV)
  4. PML
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

treatment of CMV meningoencephalitis/ventriculitis.viral retinitis

A

IV gangciclovir or foscarnet x 21days, then maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

visual changes, weakness, ataxia in pt w/ HIV, think what?

A

PML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

most common cause of focal CNS infections in HIV
Associated morbitity
Tx

A

aspergillus can cause infarcts from angioinvasive process

Tx w/ amphotericin B, caspofungin, voriconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

think of what bug with meningitis and seizures and HA in immuncompromise
HA from what?
Tx

A

cryptococcus
markedly elevated ICP
Tx w/ amphotericin B x 2 wks and fluconazole

38
Q

multiple ring enhancing lesions in immuoncompromise
what dz
from what
what tx

A

toxoplasmosis
undercooked pork/cat feces
pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, leucovorin x 10-14d

39
Q

calcified cysts
what bug
how to get it
how to treat

A

neurocysticercosis
taenia solium from ingestion of undercooked pork w/ eggs
Tx w/ albendazole or praziquantel +/- steroids if edema + AEDs

40
Q

most common three neonatal meningitis

A

GBS –> Ecoli –> listeria

41
Q

most common bacterial meningitis in adults

A

pneumococcus

42
Q

most common meningitis in pt w/ CSF leak or blunt head trauma

A

pneumococcus

43
Q

campylobacter jejuni increases risk for what neurological disorder/s

A

AXonal GBS, Miller-Fischer variant and anti-GM1 antibodies

*GM truck to CAMP where sit on your AX (ass) and you drink MILLER lt and FISH

44
Q

post-tetanic facilitation and NO post-tetanic exhaustion are seen in what?

A

adult and infantile botulism

45
Q

mechanism of action of tetanus?

A

inhibits release of glycine and GABA

46
Q

what neurological sx can diphtheria cause?

A

demyelinating neuropathy that may look like GBS following the grey membrane pharyngitis

47
Q

where does TB meningitis tend to localize and what are the CSF findings?

A

base of brain

CSF lymphocytes, high protein, low glucose

48
Q

anesthetic skin lesions, neuropathy, nerve enlargement
what dx
likely finding on skin bx

A

leprosy mycobacteriae

acid fast bacilli on skin biopsy

49
Q

what causes palpable peripheral nerves that you can see

A

leprosy (nerves you can see)

50
Q

systemic form of leprosy with leonine facies multiple organ involvement and distal symmetric sensory periph neuropathy and nonanesthetic skin lesions

when do you see this

A

lepromatous leprosy

occurs in pts w/ reduced cell mediated immunity

51
Q

patients with mononeuritis or mononeuritis multiplex and well defined dry hypopigmented anesthetic plaques
tx?

A

tuberculoid leprosy

treat with dapsone

52
Q

s/e of dapsone

A

motor neuropathy

53
Q

Dx?
lancinating leg pain, urine incont, areflexia at knees/ankles, abnormal pupil response, decr vibration/ JP, ataxia, +romberg

A

think tabes dorsalis
Neurosyphilis: LAPDANCE: Lancinating pain, Ataxia, Proprioception prob, Decr DTRs, Argyll-Robertson pupil, Needs depends (urine), Charcot joints, Eye findings

54
Q

newborn with chorioretinitis, snuffles, HSM, peg-shaped incisors, bony problems

A

congenital syphilis

55
Q

Hutchinson triad to think of in congenital syphilis

A

interstitial keratitis (corneal clouded)
Nerve deafness
Notching of central incisors

56
Q

typical time frame of developing facial palsy with lyme

A

w/in 1 mo of rash (stage 3 Lyme)

57
Q

Triad for Whipple disease? (Tropheryma Whilppelii)

What other sx?

A

Dementia, Supranuclear gaze palsy, myoclonus

Diarrhea (steatorrhea), weight loss, LAD

58
Q

what dz: oculomasticatory and skeletal myorhythmias

A

whipple dz

*(when your eyes are moving wring and jaw goes up and down…

59
Q

Branching hyphae what fungus?

A

aspergillus or mucor

60
Q

pseudohyphae what bug

A

candida

61
Q

US southwest bug / San Joaquin valley

A

coccidiodes: capsulated circles

62
Q

bird, pigeon bug with “soap bubbles” in parenchyma and Indian ink stains

A

cryptococcus

63
Q

most common fungal meningitis

A

cryptococcus

64
Q

ohio / mississippi bugs and where are they found?

A

Histoplasma hiding in macrophages

65
Q

bad fungus that can cause orbital cellulitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, brain abscess, hemorrhagic brain infarction

A

muciracea (mucor)

66
Q

bug causing hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis after swimming in lake

A

naegleria fowler

Naegleria enters nares

67
Q

most common parasitic CNS infection? what does it cause

A

taenia solium tapeworm causing cysticercosis / calcified cysts

68
Q

treatment of cysticercosis?

A

albendazole or praziquantel

Sisters in church Bend and Pray

69
Q

Treatment of toxoplasmosis

A

pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine

70
Q

eosinophilic meningitis/encephalitis, stroke, venous thrombosis, and elevated muscle enzymes / eosinophilia
Think what disease and how transmitted

A

trichinella / Trichinosis

from undercooked pork and it gets to heart and brain gross.

71
Q

vacuolar myelopathy causes what in what population

A

spinal cord dysfunction in AIDS

72
Q

JC virus and AIDS disease acronym

A

Astrocytes bizarre
Inclusions in oligodendrocytes
Demyelination occipital first
Subcortical white matter

73
Q

Stages of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

A

1: personality changes / drop in grades
2: myoclonic jerks, cognitive decline
3. stupor, extrapyramidal signs, autonomic instabilitly, rigidity, incr reflexes
4. chronic vegetative state

74
Q

cowdry B inclusions as opposed to A differentiate this virus from others?

A

polio / enterovirus

75
Q

What is Ramsay Hunt Syndrome?

A

VZV infection of the geniculate ganglion causing pain of ear, facial palsy, loss of taste anterior tongue

76
Q

MRI changes in variant vs sporadic CJD

A

Variant: bilat pulvinar thalamic hyperintensity
Sporadic: BG hyperintensity

77
Q

Vogt Koyanagi Harada syndrome symptoms

A

recurrent meningitis, uveitis, depigmentation of skin/hair, hearing loss

78
Q

most common neonatal encephalitis

A

HSV 2

79
Q

bug in spinal epidural abscess

A

staph aureus

80
Q

most common arboviral encephalitis world wide

A

japanese encephalitis

81
Q

Think of what disease in CSF that hs very very low glucose

A

tb

82
Q

think of what disease in CSF pressure very very high with high lymphs and low gluc

A

crytococcus

83
Q

What would be considered a very high volume CSF tap as in NPH tx

A

60-80cc!!

84
Q

most common cause of meningitis in immunocompromised pt post-splenectomy and in chronic lung dz

A

H flu B

85
Q

Meningitis in alcoholic patients

A

gram negative like acinetobacter calcoaceticus

86
Q

meningitis after organ transplantation

A

listeria

87
Q

meningitis after nsgy

A

staph aureus

88
Q

owl eye inclusions: large basophilic w/ thin halo

A

CMV infection

89
Q

cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions

A

CMV

90
Q

what is kuru

A

progressive cerebellar ataxia of children and adults with 12 month course up to 3 yrs. no dementia

91
Q

WHat is gerstmann straussler scheinker GSS disease

A

chronic cerebellar ataxia and pyramidal signs and dementia, prp amyloid multicentric plaques are found

92
Q

common bug in spinal epidural abscess and half of subdural empyemas

A

s aureus

Neuro online course (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions