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Neuro online course > Neuro-onc > Flashcards

Neuro-onc Flashcards

0
Q

type of tumor with fried egg appearance on path AND microcalcifications sometimes evident on CT

A

oligodendroglioma

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1
Q

type of primary CNS tumor most likely to have evidence of dissemination in CSF

A

Grade III ependymoma

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2
Q

mutation in grade II/III astrocytomas (2 possible)

A

p53 mutation and IDH1 mutations

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3
Q

most common site of ependymomas

A

often off lining of ventricles in posterior fossa

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4
Q

mutation that predicts favorable response to DNA damaging chemos in oligodendrogliomas

A

1p19q loss of heterozygosity

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5
Q

chemo for GBM

A

temozolamide

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6
Q

rosettes with microlumina and pseudorosettes

A

think ependymoma

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7
Q

small round blue cells sometimes in rosettes

A

medulloblastoma

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8
Q

type of tumor for medulloblastoma

A

PNET: primitive neuroectodermal tumors

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9
Q

Types of PNET / small round blue cell tumors

A

All grade IV

  • medulloblastoma
  • supratentorial PNET
  • pineoblastoma
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10
Q

poor prognosis for medulloblastoma

A

young children < 3 yrs

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11
Q

vermian tumor in cerebellum in kid is likely what

A

medulloblastoma

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12
Q

treatment for CNS lymphoma

A

methotrexate based regimen

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13
Q

MRI features of lymphoma CNS

A

diffusely enhancing and crosses corpus callosum

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14
Q

Bcell vs Tcell markers on path

A

Bcell: CD20
TCell: CD3

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15
Q

Restricted diffusion in non-stroke

A

lymphoma or abscess

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16
Q

pituitary tumor with cystic components containing motor-oil like fluid

A

adamantinous craniopharyngioma

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17
Q

2 types of craniopharyngioma

A
  1. squamous papillary - solid
  2. **Adamantinous cystic: with motor oil
    (From Rathke’s cyst remnants)
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18
Q

where do meningiomas arise from

A

extraaxial, from arachnoid cells

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19
Q

dural tail

A

meningioma

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20
Q

loss of chromosome 22 found in what kind of tumor

A

meningioma

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21
Q

whorls on pathology

A

meningioma

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22
Q

two types of pineal parenchymal tumors and major other types?

A

parenchymal:
1. pineoblastoma grade IV (like medulloblastoma, bad behavior, spreads w/ CSF and can occur w/ b/l retinoblastoma)
2. pineocytoma grade I very slow growing
3. germ cell tumors: germinomas and everything else

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23
Q

what tumor might you see in conjunction with b/l retinoblastoma

A

pineoblastoma

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24
Q

Typical treatment of germinoma / pineal tumor treatment

A

germinoma type is VERY sensitive to RT and chemo, so no surgery.

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25
Q

areas of closely and loosely packed tumor (2)

A
  1. JPA

2. schwannoma

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26
Q

nerve most commonly involved in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and what does it most likely arise from

A

sciatic plexiform neurofibromas

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27
Q

tx for SEGA in TS?

A

everolimus (mtor inhibitor)

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28
Q

cauliflower looking lesion in posterior fossa

A

choroid plexus papilloma

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29
Q

well circumscribed posterior fossa mass

A

ependymoma

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30
Q

single histology most common pedi brain tumor and group of brain tumors

A

medulloblastoma or glioma/all comers

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31
Q

voltage gated K channel Abs can cause what

A

neuromyotomia, seizures, limbic encephalitis

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32
Q

ab in stiff person syndrome

A

anti GAD from breast cancer or SCLC

33
Q

most common brain met

A

NSCLC

34
Q

axonal peripheral neuropathy - two main chemos

A

vincristine, taxanes

35
Q

chemo causing cerebral edema

A

cisplatin (give with mannitol and steroids)

36
Q

drug used for GBM and s/e

A

temozolamide

marrow suppression, n/v, constipation

37
Q

drug used for recurrent GBM and s/e

A

bevacizumab

-bleeding, clotting, incr BP, urine protein

38
Q

drug for oligodendroglioma that causes neuropathy, constipation, myelosuppression

A

vincristine

39
Q

drug that can cause a leukoencephalopathy similar to NPH

A

methotrexate

40
Q

cancers assoc w/ anti voltage gated K channels

A

SCLC thymoma

41
Q

brain mets likely to bleed

A

melanoma, renal cell, chorioca, thyroid ca

42
Q

most common histological primary brain tumor

A

meningioma

43
Q

what is the course of a pilocytic astrocytoma / JPA

what path and MRI features

A

grade I, can be surgically resected
Path: Rosenthal fibers
MRI: enhancing, well circumscribed

44
Q

Grade II/III astrocytomas often with what mutation

enhancing?

A

p53

Grade II rarely enhance, grade III may

45
Q

what grade is a SEGA

A

grade 1

46
Q

three types of glial cells / gliomas

A
  1. astrocytoma
  2. oligodendroglioma
  3. ependymoma
47
Q 
path features of juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (2)
MRI features (1)
A

1 Rosenthal fibers
2. GFAP +

  1. MRI: cyst with mural nodule
48
Q

cyst with mural nodule in kid vs adult

A

kid: JPA
adult: hemangioblastoma and von hippel lindau

49
Q

special cyst with mural nodule in temporal lobe and with seizure that aren’t quite JPA

A

pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (Grade II)

50
Q

two tumors that butterfly across the corpus callosum

A

GBM or lymphoma

51
Q

calcifications, perinuclear halos on path, delicate vessels

A

oligodendroglioma: fried egg/ chicken wire vessels

52
Q

most common primary brain tumor to bleed

A

oligodendroglioma: think of fragile vessels / chicken wire

53
Q

most common spinal cord glioma

A

ependymoma

54
Q

spinal cord tumor arising from filum terminale?

A

myxopapillary ependymoma

55
Q

perivascular pseudorosettes

A

ependymoma

56
Q

whorls, psammoma bodies,

desmosomes on EM

A

meningioma

57
Q

chromosome associated with meningiomas

A

merlin chr 22 loss: monosomy 22 (think NF2, chr 22, many meningiomas)

58
Q

what are the high grade meningiomas? (5)

A

atypical, clear cell, choroid, rhabdoid, anaplastic

59
Q

most common supratentorial tumor in childhood

A

craniopharyngioma

60
Q

atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) are assoc w/ what genetics?

A

partial loss of ch22 or LOH of chr 22

61
Q

rosette with central lumen (name and tumor)

A

true: flexner-wintersteiner in retinoblastoma

62
Q

rosette with cytoplasmic process in center - name and tumor

A

homer wright

-medulloblastoma neuroblastoma

63
Q

perivascular rosette

A

pseudorosette, ependymoma

64
Q

type of brain tumor in this syndrome

A

Cowden’s syndrome: multiple hamartomas:

Lhermitte Duclos: dysplastic gangliocytoma of cerebellum

65
Q

type of brain tumor in this syndrome

Gorlin’s syndrome

A

Nevoid basal cell cardinoma syndrome: medulloblastoma

MED GORY

66
Q

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

type of brain tumor in this syndrome

A

p53 tumor disease: diffuse astrocytomas

67
Q

type of brain tumor in this syndrome

Turcot’s syndrome

A

GBM or medulloblastoma

68
Q

The disease most assoc w/ paraneoplastic syndromes

A

SCLC

69
Q

amphiphisin antibody causes what and is assoc w/ what cancers

A

stiff person syndrome / encephalomyelitis

SCLC, breast

70
Q

Anti-Hu assoc w/ what dz

A

SCLC smokers get SCLC and Hugh Hefner smokes

71
Q

Hodgkins assoc w/ what antibody/paraneoplastic syndrome

A

Tr: cerebellar degeneration (Trip due to cerebellar)

72
Q

cerebellar degeneration caused by anti-Yo Abs in what cancer?

A

breast, ovary (Yo mamma)

73
Q

anti-Ta from what cancer, what syndrome

A

limbic encephalitis / brainstem dysfunction in testicular cancer

74
Q

ataxia, opsoclonus/myoclonus, brainstem encephalitis with what Ab and what cancer

A

anti-Ri in breast, gyne, SCLC

75
Q

chemo causing stroke/central venous thrombosis

A

aspariginase

76
Q

chemo making you have SIADH/psych sx

A

cyclophosphamide

77
Q

chemo causing arachnoiditis and cerebellar dysfunction

A

ARA-C (ARAchnoiditis, Cerebellar), and also seizures (ARA_Czur)

78
Q

PRES / reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy caused by what chemo

A

MTX

79
Q

most common tumor of pineal gland

A

germinoma

80
Q

most common neural crest derived tumor of sacrum

A

chordoma

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