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Neuro > neurogeneral2 > Flashcards

neurogeneral2 Flashcards

1
Q

patient with n. meningitidus; treat close contacts with what?

A

rifampin or cipro

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2
Q

facilal palsy new jersey in the summer versus chicago in the winter

A

new jersey lyme; chicago herpes

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3
Q

treatment of herpes facial palsy

A

steroids; the addition of antivirals is less clear but many would add one of the cyclovirs

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4
Q

raw honey fed to a new born

A

tetanus

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5
Q

congenital CMV

A

hearing loss, spasticity, hyperintensities along ventricular margins on MRI

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6
Q

which is more mild- becker’s or duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

A

becker’s

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7
Q

subependymal nodules

A

tuberous sclerosis

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8
Q

treatment of tourette’s

A

haloperidol or risperidone

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9
Q

treatment for acute intermittent porpyria

A

IV hematin

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10
Q

what drugs ppt acute intermittent porphyria

A

sulfonamides, hormones, barbituates

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11
Q

McArdle’s disease

A

this is a glycogen storage disease; exercise-induced muscle cramping, weakness, dark urine

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12
Q

balance problems, kyphoscoliosis, and pes cavus

A

freidrich’s ataxia (inherited); chrom 9q13; visual loss can occur later;

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13
Q

features of myotonic dystrophy

A

failure of muscles to relax, ptosis, type 2 DM, hypothyroidism, frontal balding; and a slow course compatible with presentation in mid-adult life

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14
Q

taking isoniazid for TB prophylaxis puts you at risk for deficiency of what?

A

pyridoxine (B6); causes a polyneuropathy

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15
Q

organophospate poisoning presentation

A

nausea, vomitting, diaphoretic, and diffusely weak with pinpoint pupils; has both muscarinic and nicotinic effects;

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16
Q

how do organophosphates work?

A

they are anti-acetylcholinesterases (can’t break down ach, so too much of it)

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17
Q

PCP and cocaine pupils

A

dilated

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18
Q

Vit E def

A

spinal and cerebellar signs; maybe associated with colectomy

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19
Q

lead poisoning

A

autonomic signs and extensor muscle weakness

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20
Q

phenytoin or carbamazepine excess

A

cerebellar signs

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21
Q

manifestations of manganese excess

A

tremulous and cogwheeling

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22
Q

how do you get manganese excess?

A

goes to the basal ganglia; seen in cirrhosis

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23
Q

microcytic anemai

A

lead poisoning

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24
Q

syringomyelia assoc with what

A

arnold chiari malformation

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25
Q

arnold chiari malform

A

cerebellar tonsils lie low in the posterior fossa and squeeze the brainstem;

26
Q

anterior interosseus nerve entrapment

A

can’t make a pinch with the first finger and thumb

27
Q

weakness in eaton lambert syndrome

A

improves with exertion

28
Q

plantar flexion

A

tibial nerve

29
Q

dorsiflexion of the foot

A

peroneal nerve

30
Q

donepezil

A

for alzheimers; cholinesterase inhib (so pro-Ach)

31
Q

pyridostigmine

A

also a cholinesterase inhib, but this is used for MG

32
Q

toxo treatment

A

pyrimethamine/sulfadizine

33
Q

nucleus basalis of meynert

A

lesion here assoc with Alzheimers

34
Q

parkinsons

A

globus pallidus tremor

35
Q

hemiballisms localizes where

A

subthalamic nucleus; lacunar stroke can give you lesion here

36
Q

Parinaud’s or dorsal midbrain syndrome

A

lesion in the brainstem with paralysis of upgaze, argyll-robertson (pseudo) pupils, and nystagmus

37
Q

surgery where for PD?

A

subthalamic nuc

38
Q

pronate the forearm

A

radial nerve

39
Q

Saturday night palsy

A

radial nerve

40
Q

causes of wallenberg syndrome

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery or vertebral artery occlusion

41
Q

right beating nystagmus

A

lesion in the left brainstem

42
Q

pregnant woman develops HA, lethargy, and generalized seixzure

A

think venous sinus thrombosis; treat with heparin/warfarin;

43
Q

indic for warfarin

A

a-fib, decr ejection fraction, mural thrombus, atrial clot, mechanical valves, DVT. Heparin for dissection

44
Q

treatment of cataplexy

A

modafinil (wakefulness promoting agent)

45
Q

REM sleep disorder can sometimes be a harbinger of what?

A

parkinsons

46
Q

neuroleptic malig syndrome

A

adverse reaction to anti-psych drugs

47
Q

how to treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

dantrolene, a direct skeletal muscle relaxant, or benzos

48
Q

what are the HAM side effects and what drugs have them?

A

anti-Histamine, anti-adrenergic, anti-muscarinic; found in TCAs an dlow potency antipsychotics

49
Q

anti-histamine

A

sedation, weight gain

50
Q

anti-adrenergic

A

hypotension

51
Q

anti-muscarinic

A

dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention

52
Q

serotonin syndrome

A

confusion, flshing diaphoresis, tremor, myoclonic jerks, hyperthermia, hypertonicity, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, and death

53
Q

what causes serotonin syndrome

A

SSRIS and MAOIs are combined

54
Q

what causes hypertensive crisis

A

build up of stored catecholamines; MAOIs plus foods with tyramine or plus sympathomimetics

55
Q

extrapyradimal side effects

A

symptoms are parkinsonism, akathisia, and dystonia

56
Q

what causes the extrapyramidal side effects

A

traditional anti-psychotics

57
Q

what drugs cause hyperprolactinemia?

A

traditional anti-psychotics and risperidone

58
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

occurs after years of anti-psychotic use

59
Q

lead pipe rigidity

A

neuroleptic malignant syndrome (medical emergency; high mortality)

60
Q

how does carbamazepine affect CYP450?

A

induces

Neuro (43 decks)

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