neuro11

Question 1

aphasia

Answer 1

any acquired abnormality of language; must be a primary disorder of language

Question 2

anomia

Answer 2

impaired naming; feature of essentially all aphasias; no aphasic patient writes normally

Question 3

broca’s aphasia

Answer 3

problem of language production; fluency, repetition impaired; comprehension preserved; assoc with contralat hemiparesis; may have impairment in understanding of grammatical construction

Question 4

wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 4

problem with language comprehension; their speech is fluent but nonsensical; use nonexistent words; unaware of deficit

Question 5

lesion in broca’s aphasia

Answer 5

broca’s area in posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus in the language dominant (usually left) hemisphere; stroke in the superior diviion of the MCA

Question 6

wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 6

impaired repetition and comprehension; preserved fluency; assoc with contralat homonymous suior quadrantonopia

Question 7

lesion in wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 7

posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus in the dominant hemisphere; strokes involving the inferior division of the MCA (emboli from heart of internal carotid artery)

Question 8

conduction aphasia

Answer 8

inability to repeat what is said; preserved comprehension and fluency; lesion in the arcuate fasciculus (white matter connection bt wernicke’s and broca)

Question 9

lesions where can lead to conduction aphasia

Answer 9

temporal or parietal lobe sparing Wernicke’s area

Question 10

conduction aphasia

Answer 10

patients make many paraphasic errors (fork for spoon)

Question 11

lesions in the frontal lobe slightly superior to Broca’s area

Answer 11

transcortical motor aphasia; aphasia similar to Broca’s but repitition is preserved

Question 12

transcortical motor aphasia

Answer 12

lesions in the frontal lobe slightly superior to Broca’s area, in the supplemetary motor area and in the anterior portions of the basal ganglia

Question 13

transcortical sensory aphasia

Answer 13

lesions in the inferior portion of the left temporal lobe and is characterized by fluent speech with impaired comprehension but preserved repetition;

Question 14

cause of transcortical sensory aphasia

Answer 14

infarcts in the territory of the left PCA and small temporal lobe hemorrhages and contusions are the most common causes

Question 15

perisylvian aphasia versus transcortical aphasias

Answer 15

perisylvian is Broca’s and Wernickes and conduction. In these, repetition is impaired; transcortical aphasias (motor and sensory) in which repetition is preserved

Question 16

global aphasia

Answer 16

problems with language production, comprehension and repetition; large dominant hemispheric lesions affecting frontal and temporal and Brocas and wernickes

Question 17

subcortical aphasias

Answer 17

assoc with lesions in deep dominant hemispheric structures like basal gang and thalamus; may be accompanied by hypophonia of the voice

Question 18

alexia without agraphia

Answer 18

inability to read but can write; lesion in the dominant occipital lobe but also invovles the splenium of the corpus callosum; fibers connecting visual ctx to wernickes are disrupted

Question 19

what other lesion is associated with alexia without agraphia

Answer 19

contralateral hoonymous hemianopia

Question 20

apraxia

Answer 20

inability to carry out a learned motor task despite preservation of the primary function needed to accomplish the task

Question 21

lesion in apraxia

Answer 21

frontal or parietal lesions in the dominant hemisphere; in frontal, patient can recognize the task done correctly, whereas parietal cannot even recognize

Question 22

agnosia

Answer 22

inability to recognize objects through one or more sensory modalities despite having those senses intact

Question 23

lesion in agnosisa

Answer 23

lesions in the sensory assoc areas of the brain

Question 24

prosopagnosia lesion where

Answer 24

right hemisphere or bilateral lesions in the visual assoc area

Question 25

Gerstmann’s syndrome

Answer 25

constellation of problems with higher cortical function; lesion in the inferior parietal lobule (angular gyrus) of the dominant hemisphere

Question 26

symptoms seen in Gerstmann’s

Answer 26

agraphia, acalculia, right-left confusion, and finger agnosia

Question 27

neglect due to lesion where

Answer 27

in the nondominant (right) hemisphere; ignore the left side completely; lesion in the right frontal or parietal lobe;

Question 28

extinction to double simultaneous stimulation

Answer 28

seen in patients with neglect; when you apply stimulation to each side separately, they are normal, but when simultaneous stim on both sides, one side is neglected

Question 29

neglect caused by lesion in the right frontal lobe

Answer 29

motor neglect (patient does not use the left side for motor actions)

Question 30

neglect caused by lesions in the right parietal lobe

Answer 30

sensory neglect, in which stimuli from the left side are ignored

Question 31

in what hemisphere are the semantic (meaning) of language

Answer 31

dominant (usually left)

Question 32

inflection of of one’s voice is in which hemisphere

Answer 32

the non-dominant (right)

Question 33

patients with right hemispheric lesions may have trouble with prosody

Answer 33

and may have a monotone voice or may have difficulty understanding if a statement is said in anger or jest

Question 34

anosognosia

Answer 34

patients are unaware of their deficit; often happens with lesions in the right hemisphere;