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Neuro II > Neuroembryology > Flashcards

Neuroembryology Flashcards

1
Q

from what cell layer does the CNS arise?

A

ectoderm

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2
Q

from what cell layer does the notochord arise?

A

mesoderm

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3
Q

what does the notochord induce the ectoderm to differentiate into?

A

neural crest cells

neural plate

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4
Q

when does neurulation begin

A

week 3

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5
Q

what is the adult remnant of the notochord?

A

nucleus pulposus

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6
Q

what are are developmental stages of the neural plate and what induces these changes

A

neural plate => neural groove => neural tube

INDUCED BY NOTOCORD

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7
Q

from what structure does most of the CNS arise

A

neural tube

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8
Q

from what structure does most of the PNS arise

A

neural crest

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9
Q

where does the spinal cord develop

A

caudal to the fourth pair of somites

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10
Q

what is spina bifida

A

failure of one or more neural folds to fuse

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11
Q

what is it called when there is an unfused neural arch but skin remains intact

A

spina bifida occulta

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12
Q

what is the difference btwn meningocele and meningomyelocele

A

in BOTH, meninges protrude through unfused arch

in meningomyelocele ONLY, neural tissue also protrudes

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13
Q

what is myeloschisis?

A

when neural tissue is open to external environment

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14
Q

what are the three primary vesicles

A

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

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15
Q

what are the five secondary vesicles

A 
telencephalon
diencephalon
mesencephalon
metencephalon
myelencephalon
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16
Q

what secondary vesicles does the forebrain become

A

telencephalon

diencephalon

17
Q

what secondary vesicles does the midbrain become

A

does not divide - remains midbrain AKA mesencephaln

18
Q

what secondary vesicles does the hindbrain become

A

metencephalon

myelencephalon

19
Q

what structures does the telencephalon develop into

A

wall: cerebral hemispheres
cavity: lateral ventricles

20
Q

what structures does the diencephalon develop into

A

wall: thalamus (hypo, epi, para)
cavity: 3rd ventricle

21
Q

what structures does the mesencephalon develop into

A

wall: midbrain
cavity: aqueduct

22
Q

what structures does the metencephalon develop into

A

wall: pons and cerebellum
cavity: upper fourth ventricle

23
Q

what structures does the myelencephalon develop into

A

wall: medulla
cavity: lower fourth ventricle

24
Q

when does the brain bend?

A

week 5

25
Q

what are the three flexures, from superior to inferior?

A

midbrain/mesencephalic
pontine
cervical

26
Q

which flexure separates the medbrain from the forebrain

A

cephalic flexure

27
Q

which flexure separates the spinal column from the hindbrain

A

cervical flexure

28
Q

which flexure separates the myelencephalon and metencephalon

A

pontine flexure

29
Q

in what secondary structure does migration of alar plate neuroblasts occur

A

myelencephalon

30
Q

what do the alar plates give rise to

A

sensory nuclei

31
Q

what do the basal plates give rise to

A

motor nuclei

32
Q

from what structure of the metencephalon does the cerebellum arise

A

cerebellar swellings of the dorsal alar plate

33
Q

what structure is overgrown in the development of the cerebellum

A

the 4th ventricle

34
Q

what embryonic structure gives rise to the choroid plexus

A

tela chordea

35
Q

where does the thalamus develop

A

on each side of the third ventricle

usually fuses at midline

36
Q

from what structure does the pineal gland develop

A

from the caudal part of the roof of the diencephalon

37
Q

when do optic vesicles appear

A

as the rostral neuropore is closing

38
Q

where does the choroid plexus develop

A

from the tela chordiae at medial wall of the cerebral hemisphere

39
Q

mesenchyme trapped in the fissure between the cerebral hemispheres as they expand becomes what?

A

falx cerebri

Neuro II (16 decks)

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