Blood supply, hemorrhage and herniation Flashcards
what is the blood-brain barrier formed by?
tight junctions between endothelial cells of capillaries
astrocyte foot processes overlap on capillary walls
what nerve structures surround the cavernous part of the internal carotid a.
sympathetic plexus, CN III, IV, VI and V1
what part of the vertebral artery pierces the dura and arachnoid and passes through foramen magnum?
atlantic part
what artery is formed by the unification of the intracranial parts of the vertebral as
basilar artery
where is the basilar artery formed
the caudal border of the pons
what arteries make up the circle of Willis?
2 anterior cerebral anterior communicating 2 internal carotid 2 posterior cerebral 2 posterior communicating
what artery supplies the medial and superior surface of the frontal and parietal lobes?
anterior cerebral a
ACA
what artery supplies the lateral surface of the frontal and parietal lobes and the superior part of the temporal lobe
middle cerebral a
MCA
what artery supplies the occipital lobe and inferior temportal lobe?
posterior cerebral a (PCA)
between what two layers is the epidural space?
cranium and periosteal dura
POTENTIAL SPACE
between what two layers is the subdural space?
dura and arachnoid
POTENTIAL SPACE
between what two layers is the subarachnoid space?
arachnoid and pia
REAL SPACE
what is contained within the subarachnoid space?
CSF, arteries (circle of willis), veins
what structures are compressed in a tonsillar herniation?
medulla and upper cervical spinal cord
what is it called when the cerebellum herniates through foramen magnum?
tonsillar herniation
what structure is compressed in an uncal herniation?
midbrain
what are the sxs of an uncal herniation
vision loss
pupil dilated on side of lesion
hemi- or quadriparesis
what structure does the uncus herniate over in an uncal herniation?
tentorium cerebelli
what is it called when the brain herniates downward?
transtentorial herniation
what arteries may be compressed in a transtentorial herniation?
basilar a
posterior cerebral as.
what is it called when the brain herniates under the falx cerebri?
subfalcine herniation
what can a subfalcine herniation develop into?
a transtentorial herniation
what artery may be compressed in a subfalcine herniation and what would the sxs be?
anterior cerebral a
contralateral leg paresis
what usually the source of bleeding in a subpial (intracerebral) hemorrhage?
middle meningeal a
what is the source of bleeding in a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
berry aneurysm - circle of willis
what is the source of bleeding in a subdural hematoma?
bridging veins
what kind of hemorrhage is associated with HTN?
intracerebral/subpial
what kind of hematoma is associated with headaches and blood in CSF?
subarachnoid
what kind of hematoma is associated with slow accumulation of blood?
subdural
what kind of hemorrhage is associated with momentary loss of conciousness followed by a period of lucidity
epidural hematoma
what is the source of blood in an epidural hematoma?
middle meningeal a`
what is the blood supply to the vpl/vpm
thalamogeniculate branches of pca
