Blood supply, hemorrhage and herniation

Question 1

what is the blood-brain barrier formed by?

Answer 1

tight junctions between endothelial cells of capillaries

astrocyte foot processes overlap on capillary walls

Question 2

what nerve structures surround the cavernous part of the internal carotid a.

Answer 2

sympathetic plexus, CN III, IV, VI and V1

Question 3

what part of the vertebral artery pierces the dura and arachnoid and passes through foramen magnum?

Answer 3

atlantic part

Question 4

what artery is formed by the unification of the intracranial parts of the vertebral as

Answer 4

basilar artery

Question 5

where is the basilar artery formed

Answer 5

the caudal border of the pons

Question 6

what arteries make up the circle of Willis?

Answer 6

2 anterior cerebral
anterior communicating
2 internal carotid
2 posterior cerebral
2 posterior communicating

Question 7

what artery supplies the medial and superior surface of the frontal and parietal lobes?

Answer 7

anterior cerebral a

ACA

Question 8

what artery supplies the lateral surface of the frontal and parietal lobes and the superior part of the temporal lobe

Answer 8

middle cerebral a

MCA

Question 9

what artery supplies the occipital lobe and inferior temportal lobe?

Answer 9

posterior cerebral a (PCA)

Question 10

between what two layers is the epidural space?

Answer 10

cranium and periosteal dura

POTENTIAL SPACE

Question 11

between what two layers is the subdural space?

Answer 11

dura and arachnoid

POTENTIAL SPACE

Question 12

between what two layers is the subarachnoid space?

Answer 12

arachnoid and pia

REAL SPACE

Question 13

what is contained within the subarachnoid space?

Answer 13

CSF, arteries (circle of willis), veins

Question 14

what structures are compressed in a tonsillar herniation?

Answer 14

medulla and upper cervical spinal cord

Question 15

what is it called when the cerebellum herniates through foramen magnum?

Answer 15

tonsillar herniation

Question 16

what structure is compressed in an uncal herniation?

Answer 16

midbrain

Question 17

what are the sxs of an uncal herniation

Answer 17

vision loss
pupil dilated on side of lesion
hemi- or quadriparesis

Question 18

what structure does the uncus herniate over in an uncal herniation?

Answer 18

tentorium cerebelli

Question 19

what is it called when the brain herniates downward?

Answer 19

transtentorial herniation

Question 20

what arteries may be compressed in a transtentorial herniation?

Answer 20

basilar a

posterior cerebral as.

Question 21

what is it called when the brain herniates under the falx cerebri?

Answer 21

subfalcine herniation

Question 22

what can a subfalcine herniation develop into?

Answer 22

a transtentorial herniation

Question 23

what artery may be compressed in a subfalcine herniation and what would the sxs be?

Answer 23

anterior cerebral a

contralateral leg paresis

Question 24

what usually the source of bleeding in a subpial (intracerebral) hemorrhage?

Answer 24

middle meningeal a

Question 25

what is the source of bleeding in a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Answer 25

berry aneurysm - circle of willis

Question 26

what is the source of bleeding in a subdural hematoma?

Answer 26

bridging veins

Question 27

what kind of hemorrhage is associated with HTN?

Answer 27

intracerebral/subpial

Question 28

what kind of hematoma is associated with headaches and blood in CSF?

Answer 28

subarachnoid

Question 29

what kind of hematoma is associated with slow accumulation of blood?

Answer 29

subdural

Question 30

what kind of hemorrhage is associated with momentary loss of conciousness followed by a period of lucidity

Answer 30

epidural hematoma

Question 31

what is the source of blood in an epidural hematoma?

Answer 31

middle meningeal a`

Question 32

what is the blood supply to the vpl/vpm

Answer 32

thalamogeniculate branches of pca