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Neuro II > histology of CNS > Flashcards

histology of CNS Flashcards

1
Q

what are glia?

A

support cells, involved in:
conduction speed
repair
neurotransmitter maintenence

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2
Q

what is neuropil

A

network of interwoven nerve fibers and glial filaments

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3
Q

what is the basic anatomy of a typical neuron

A

large cell body
long, myelinated axon
lots of branching dendrites

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4
Q

what is a terminal arborization

A

distal end of an axon

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5
Q

what is telodendria

A

a dilation at the branch end of an axon where it contacts postsynaptic cell

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6
Q

what is the most common neuron in the CNS

A

multipolar

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7
Q

where are bipolar neurons found

A

retina
olfactory mucosa
inner ear

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8
Q

what neuron type is found within the dorsal root and cranial ganglia

A

unipolar/pseudounipolar

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9
Q

what do anaxonic neurons do?

A

regulate local electrical changes of adjacent neurons

DO NOT PRODUCE APs

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10
Q

which axonal transport system carries material from the nerve cell body to the periphery?

A

anterograde transport

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11
Q

what mechanism is used for anterograde transport

A

ATP-dependent kinesin (microtubule associated motor protein)

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12
Q

which axonal transport system carries material from the axon terminal/dendrites to the cell body?

A

retrograde transport

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13
Q

what mechanism is used for retrograde transport

A

dynein (microtubule associated motor protein)

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14
Q

is retrograde transport slow or fast

A

fast only

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15
Q

what molecules are carried via slow transport

A

tubulin and actin molecules

neurofilament proteins

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16
Q

what organelles are found at the presynaptic terminal bouton

A

mitochondria,

synaptic vesicles

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17
Q

how does current flow occur in an electrical synapse

A

gap junctions

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18
Q

what is the function of connexon proteins in an electrical synapse?

A

permit diffusion of small molecules

electric current flow

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19
Q

what are the four types of glial cells

A

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglial cells
Ependymal cells

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20
Q

what are the structural characteristics of an astrocyte?

A

lots of long, branching processes

reinforced by GFAP

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21
Q

what is the function of astrocytes

A

regulate extracellular [ions]
support neurons
fill in tissue damage (astrocytic scar)

22
Q

what is the function of the perivascular feet of astrocytes?

A

cover capillary endothelial cells, modulate blood flow

23
Q

what is the function of oligodendrocytes?

A

wrap around axons => cytoplasm leaves => myelin

24
Q

how do oligodendrocytes appear on histo slide?

A

unstained cytoplasm

round, condensed nucleus

25
Q

what are oligodendrocytes derived from embryologically

A

neuroepithelium

26
Q

what is the counterpart of oligodendrocytes in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

27
Q

what are the structural characteristics of ependymal cells

A

columnar/cuboidal cells lining ventricles of the brain and central canal of spinal cord
apical end w/ cilia and microvilli
no basal lamina

28
Q

what is the function of ependylmal cells

A

facilitate CSF movement

absorption

29
Q

what are the structural characteristics of choroid plexus

A

folded
highly vascular
roofs 3rd and 4th ventricles
thin layer of pia covered w/ ependymal cells

30
Q

what is the function of choroid plexus

A

removes H2O from blood, releases it to CSF

31
Q

what are microglia derived from

A

monocytes

32
Q

what is the function of microglia

A

remove damages/inactive synapses

IMMUNE DEFENSE of CNS

33
Q

where is the central canal of the spinal cord?

A

within the central commissure of grey matter

34
Q

what is found within the central canal

A

CSF

lined by ependymal cells

35
Q

what glial cells are found in abundance within the grey matter of the spinal cord?

A

astrocytes

36
Q

what glial cells are found in abundance within the white matter of the spinal cord?

A

oligodendrocytes

37
Q

what are the three layers of the cerebellar cortex?

A

molecular layer
purkinje cells
granular layer

38
Q

which layer of the cerebellar cortex contains small, densely packed neurons and little neuropil

A

granular layer

39
Q

which layer of the cerebellar cortex has a lot of neuropil and scattered cell bodies

A

molecular layer

40
Q

what are the 6 cortical layers?

A 
I. plexiform
II. small pyramidal cell layer
III. layer of medium pyramidal cells
VI. granular layer
V. large pyramidal cell layer
VI. polymorphic layer
41
Q

which cortical layer consists mostly of parallel fibers, neuroglial cells and horizonal cells of cajal

A

plexiform layer (I)

42
Q

in what cortical layer are there very large pyramidal cells

A

large pyramidal cell layer (V)

43
Q

what cortical layer is characterized by many small granule cells

A

granular layer (IV)

44
Q

how does the middle cell layer of the hippocampus differ from that of the dentate gyrus

A

the middle cell layer of the hippocampus contains pyramidal cells
the dentate gyrus has dentate granule cells with round cell bodies

45
Q

what is the hilus?

A

the region where the head of the hippocampus touches the dentate gyrus

46
Q

what is the role of mossy cells within the hilus?

A

receive input from fibers of dentate granule cells => relay signals to other dentate cells

47
Q

what gyri may are markedly thinned in alzheimers dz?

A

gyri of the frontal and temporal lobes

48
Q

where are amyloid plaques?

A

in the cortex of pt’s w/ alzheimers

49
Q

abnormal accumulation of tau results in what hallmark of alzheimer’s

A

neurofibrillary tangles

50
Q

what neural cell is associated with GFAP

A

astrocytes

51
Q

what cells are the macrophages of the CNS?

A

microglia

52
Q

what is the key difference between Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes

A

each oligodendrocyte myelinates MULTIPLE axons

each Schwann cell myelinates A SINGLE axon

Neuro II (16 decks)

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