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Neuro II > Excitatory AAs > Flashcards

Excitatory AAs Flashcards

1
Q

in what two structures does aspartate serve as a NT on its own?

A

visual cortex

pyramidal cells

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2
Q

what are the EAAs?

A

aspartate

glutamate

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3
Q

where are EAAs found

A

widely distributed throughout the CNS

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4
Q

are NMDA receptors ionotropic or metabotropic

A

ionotropic

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5
Q

what inhibitory molecule can bind to NMDA receptors?

A

Mg blocks the channel

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6
Q

what is the MOA of NMDA receptors

A

allow Ca2+ influx

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7
Q

what does glycine have to do with NMDA receptors?

A

required co-agonist

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8
Q

to what receptor does PCP bind?

A

NMDA receptor

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9
Q

what is the MOA of non - NMDA receptors (ex. AMPA)

A

allow Na+ influx

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10
Q

what is the difference between the outcome of NMDA vs non-NMDA receptor activation?

A

NMDA produces a longer-lasting EPSP

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11
Q

what is the main function of NMDA receptors

A

short and long term memory formation

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12
Q

what is the MOA of group 1 metabotropic EAA receptors?

A

Gq

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13
Q

what is the MOA of group 2 metabotropic EAA receptors?

A

Gi

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14
Q

what is the function of pre-synaptic metabotropic EAA receptors?

A

regulate NT release

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15
Q

what is the function of post-synaptic metabotropic EAA receptors?

A

learning
memory
motor function

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16
Q

what are the two major ions implicated in excitotoxicity?

A

calcium

oxygen

17
Q

what causes AND what occurs as a consequence of over-stimulation of the EAA system?

A

caused by ischemia

causes neuronal damage

18
Q

what is mu-calpain?

A

a proteolytic enzyme which can be activated when Ca2+ is high

19
Q

what causes metabolic and structural impairment to neurons when intracellular Ca2+ is high

A

mu-calpain

20
Q

what are the four main consequences of high intracellular calcium

A

increased phospholipase A activity
activation of mu-calpain
activation of calcineurin
activation of apoptotic pathway (via caspase 3)

Neuro II (16 decks)

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