Neurodivergence in Adults Flashcards

1
Q

How much of the population are neurodivergent?

A

15%
79% have cooccurring mental health conditions

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2
Q

Describe autism

A

Neurodevelopmental disorder/ condition
Lifelong diagnosis
2-4 in 100
Neuro-affirming

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3
Q

What is the cause of autism?

A

Difference in the structure of the brain

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4
Q

What does neurodiversity mean?

A

Statistical normal range of a function in a population at a particular age - trait of the whole group

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5
Q

What does neurotypical mean?

A

Individuals where a selective neurocognitive function falls within the prevalent societal norm

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6
Q

What does neurodivergent mean?

A

Individuals where a selective neurocognitive function falls out with the prevalent social norm

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7
Q

How is autism assessed and diagnosed?

A

MDT
DSM-5 and ICD-11
No biological marker or test
Screening tools - Autism quotient AQ-10 or AQ-50

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8
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for autism?

A

Difficulties in social communication and interaction
Difficulties in routines, repetitive behaviours and rigidity
Must be present from early childhood
Impact/ impairment on functioning

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9
Q

Describe masking in autism

A

Strategies to hide their differences from other people
Self perseveration strategy
Tiring and at a cost to mental health
People with ADHD also mask

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10
Q

Describe contemporary assessment of non-verbal communication

A

Poorly integrated verbal and non-verbal communication
Any difficulty using non-verbal communication - unusual eye gaze, proximity to others and lack facial expressions
Difficulty understanding non-verbal communication

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11
Q

Describe the contemporary assessment of repetitive speech, motor movement and use of objects

A

Evidence of simple motor stereotypes - hand flapping or rocking
Repetitive use of objects
Repetitive use of language

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12
Q

Describe building the pathway (AAAT) for autism in NHS Grampian

A

Referral
Pre-assessment
Waiting list
Assessment - 3 assessment appointments
Diagnostic decision
Discharge

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13
Q

What are some key points of autism?

A

Post-CAMHS
Women aged 45+
Masking and functional range
Adult ND assessment team is preferred
Support to wider system

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14
Q

What does SPACE stand for in autism?

A

S - sensory
P - predictability
A - acceptance
C - communication
E - empathy

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15
Q

What are some strategies used in autism?

A

Autistic lead organisations
Unmasking
Limited resource locally
Stepped care approach
Local and national provision
NAIT guidance

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16
Q

What does ADHD stand for?

A

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

17
Q

Describe assessment and diagnosis in ADHD

A

Highly heritable condition
Physical checks required before treatment - BP, heart rate and BMI
ECG if history of cardiac issues
75% of ADHD patients have 1 other psychiatric condition

18
Q

What are common co-occurring issues seen in ADHD?

A

ND conditions, mental health esp. anxiety and depression, neurological or genetic presentations and insomnia

19
Q

Describe screening in ADHD

A

Symptomology, description of displacement, confirmation of symptoms from childhood and ASRS-1
3 appointment process - full MSE, psychometric testing and diagnosis

20
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for ADHD (DSM5)?

A

A - 5 or more symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity
B - several symptoms present by age 12
C - several symptoms present in 2 or more settings
D - interfere or reduce quality of social, education or occupation
E - not explained by another condition

21
Q

What is a symptom checklist used in ADHD?

A

ASRS - adult self report scale 1.1

22
Q

What is the diagnostic interview used for ADHD in adults?

23
Q

What are the diagnostic overlaps in ADHD?

A

Anxiety disorders
Depression
Personality disorder
PTSD
Eating disorder

24
Q

What are the strategies used in ADHD?

A

Environmental and behavioural modification continues to be recommended first line intervention
Medication is not universally chosen or required
Stepped care approach and local provision

25
What are the medications used in ADHD?
Stimulants and Non-stimulants
26
What are some stimulants used in ADHD?
Methylphenidate and Lisdexamphetamine
27
What are some non-stimulants used in ADHD?
Atomoxetine and Guanfacine
28
What are some co-occurring conditions seen in mental health?
Sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, Tourette's, sensory processing disorder, dyscalculia, bipolar, OCD and intellectual disability
29
What does pathological demand avoidance (PDA) mean ?
Need for autonomy and control Limited perception of social hierarchy Can appear sociable Resists and avoids ordinary demands of life
30
What does rejection sensitivity dysphoria (RSD) mean?
Intense emotional sensitivity to perceived criticism or rejection Rejection triggers huge feelings of depression, anger and severe anxiety People pleasers and difficulty starting tasks
31
What are the diagnostic overlaps in autism?
Mental health assessment, trauma, personality disorder, ADHD, anxiety, depression and OCD