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Psychiatry > Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the models of stress?

A

Biomechanical engineering
Medicophysiological
Psychological (transitional)

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2
Q

What is psychological model of stress?

A

Interactive
An individuals reaction to stress depends on balance between cognitive processing of threat and ability to cope
Coping can be problem or emotion focussed

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3
Q

Describe problem focussed coping

A

Behavioural - attempts at control and problem solving
Cognitive - situational redefinition and restructuring

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4
Q

Describe emotion focussed coping

A

Behavioural - seeking social support and information seeking
Cognitive - emotional expression

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5
Q

What are some autonomic symptoms?

A

GI - dry mouth, swallowing difficulties, dyspepsia, nausea, wind and frequent loose stools
Resp. - tight chest and difficulty inhaling
Cardio - palpitations and chest pain
Frequency of urination, erectile failure and amenorrhoea
CNS - Dizziness and sweating

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6
Q

What are some psychological symptoms of anxiety?

A

Fearful anticipation, irritability, sensitivity to noise, poor concentration and worrying thoughts

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7
Q

How is anxiety disorders classified?

A

ICD 11
Contains anxiety or fear related disorders and OCD or related disorders

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8
Q

What are phobic and general anxiety disorders?

A

Have same core anxiety symptoms but either occur in particular circumstances or occur persistently

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9
Q

What is generalised anxiety disorder?

A

Persistent (several months) symptoms not confined to a situation or object
Psychological arousal, autonomic arousal, muscle tension, hyperventilation and sleep disturbance

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10
Q

What are differentials for anxiety disorders - psychiatric?

A

Depression, schizophrenia, dementia and substance misuse

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11
Q

What are differentials for anxiety disorder - physical conditions?

A

Thyrotoxicosis, pheochromocytoma, hypoglycaemia and asthma or arrhythmias

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12
Q

Describe the epidemiology of generalised anxiety disorder

A

Most common mental disorder
301 million people
More women affected

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13
Q

What is the aetiology of generalised anxiety disorder?

A

Is caused by a stressor acting on a personality predisposed to the disorder by combination of genetic factors and environmental influences in childhood

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14
Q

What is the management for generalised anxiety disorder?

A

Counselling
Relaxation therapy
Medication - sedatives (have high risk dependency) and SSRIs or TCA
Cognitive behavioural therapy

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15
Q

What are key features of phobic anxiety disorders?

A

Same core features as GAD
Only in specific circumstances
Person behaves to avoid these circumstances

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16
Q

What are types of phobias?

A

Agoraphobia - fear of going outside
Claustrophobia
Ophidiophobia
Arachnophobia
Trypophobia
Submechanophobia

17
Q

What are 3 clinical important syndromes for phobic anxiety disorders?

A

Specific phobias
Social phobias
Agoraphobia

18
Q

What is the cycle for social anxiety?

A

Anxiety - avoidance - short term relief - long term anxiety growth

19
Q

What is obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)?

A

Core features are experience of recurrent obsessional thoughts ad or compulsive acts
Thoughts occur repeatedly, unpleasant, distressing and recognised as individuals own thoughts

20
Q

What is the epidemiology of OCD?

A

2% prevalence
Equally affects men and women
Can have genetic involvement - 5HT receptors

21
Q

What is the management for OCD?

A

Education and explanation
Serotonergic drugs - SSRI (fluoxetine) and clomipramine
CBT
Psychosurgery

22
Q

What is post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

A

Delayed and/ or protracted reaction to a stressor of exceptional severity
Can be from combat, rape, natural disaster, assault, torture and witnessing these

23
Q

What are the 3 key elements to a reaction in PTSD?

A

Hyperarousal, re-experiencing phenomena and avoidance of reminders

24
Q

What is included in hyperarousal in PTSD?

A

Persistent anxiety, irritability, insomnia and poor concentration

25
Q

What is included in re-experiencing phenomena?

A

Intense intrusive images - flashbacks when awake and nightmares during sleeping

26
Q

What is included in avoidance in PTSD?

A

Emotional numbness, cue avoidance recall difficulties and diminishes interests

27
Q

What is the epidemiology of PTSD?

A

1-4% one year prevalence
More women than males

28
Q

What is the aetiology of PTSD?

A

Nature of stressor - vulnerability factors
Susceptibility partly genetic

29
Q

Describe the management of PTSD

A

Mild symptoms - watchful waiting
Trauma focussed CBT if more severe
Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing
Risk of dependence with sedatives but may prefer SSRI or TCA

Psychiatry (20 decks)

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