Common Psychiatric Disorders in Adolescent Flashcards
What are the differences between nature and nurture?
Nature - biological components, mainly genes, influence how you develop
Nurture - outside influences have a major impact
What is the 4P factor model?
Predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating and protective
Biopsychosocial approach - biological, psychological and social
What is anorexia nervosa characterised by?
Low body weight for the individual’s height, age and developmental stage that is not due to another health condition or unavailability of food
What persistent patterns of behaviours can accompany low body weight?
Reducing energy intake - restricted eating
Purging behaviours - self induced vomiting and misuse of laxatives
Increased energy expenditure - excessive exercise
What is used to treat anorexia nervosa?
Olanzapine
What is the criteria for a personality disorder by the ICD-11?
Functioning of aspects of the self (identity + self worth)/ interpersonal dysfunction, behaviour that is maladaptive, not developmentally appropriate, and associated with substantial distress
Borderline pattern
What is borderline pattern of personality disturbance is characterised by?
Pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships/ self-image + affects, frantic effort to avoid abandonment, identity disturbance, recurrent episodes of self harm, emotion instability, chronic feelings of emptiness, and inappropriate intense anger
What are the signs and symptoms of childhood depression?
Changes in appetite, changes in sleep, feelings of sadness/ hopelessness, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, impaired thinking, inability of anger, sensitivity to rejection, loss of interest and physical complaints
Describe functioning in depression in young people
Some function well in structured environments but most with depression will suffer a change in social activities, loss of interest in school, poor academic performance or change in appearance
Maladaptive coping mechanisms can occur
Which young people are at a higher risk of suicide?
History of violence, alcohol abuse, or physical/ sexual abuse
What are some warning signs of suicidal behaviour in young people?
Focus on morbid themes, frequent accidents, giving away possessions, acting out behaviours, increased crying, risk taking behaviour, social isolation, and substance abuse
What is the treatment for depression in young people?
Similar to adults
Psychological therapies and medication
Psychological therapies first then medication is no improvement with the therapy alone
What are some anxiety or fear related disorders?
Generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and selective mutism
Describe social anxiety disorder
Intense fear of social and performance situations
Can impair the young person’s performance at school, ability to socialise and maintain relationships
Describe panic disorder in young people
Experience dread or fear over small things, or for no reason at all
Worrying over losing control or having another one
Avoidance behaviours seen
