Neurodegenerative Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are Neuro degenerative diseases

A

Neurodegenerative diseases are all forms of nervous tissue damage that results in gradual, progressive loss of structure and function of neurons

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2
Q

In children CNS Neuro degenerative diseases manifests as

A

Delay or plateau of developmental milestones

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3
Q

What is dementia

A

Umbrella term for loss of memory and other thinking abilities severe enough to interfere with daily life

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4
Q

Concepts of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer Disease

A

Metabolism of precursor proteins

Formation of neurofibrillary tangles

Excitotoxicity of glutamatergic receptors

General increase in misfolded proteins as one ages

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5
Q

The physiological pathway in the metab of Amyloid precursor proteins involves the enzyme

A

alpha-secretase

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6
Q

B-secretase is now known as

A

Beta site APP cleaving enzyme( b-ACE)

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7
Q

What forms neurofibrillary tangles

A

Changes in TAU resulting in collapse of microtubules
TAU proteins clumped together

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8
Q

Effects of b-amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles are neurotoxic especially to

A

Cholinergic Neurons

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9
Q

Therapies of Alzheimer Disease is aimed at

A

Improving cholinergic transmission within CNS
Prevention of excitotoxicity of NMDA receptors

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10
Q

Classification of drugs used in treatment of Alzheimer disease

A

Acetyl Cholinesterase inhibitors

NMDA receptor antagonists

B-secretase and a-secretase activators

B-amyloid aggregation inhibitors

Modulators

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11
Q

Acetylcholinesterase is best used in what degree of Alzheimer disease

A

Mild to moderate

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12
Q

What is the classification of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used to treat Alzheimer disease and the drug types

A

Reversible inhibitors eg Tacrine, donepezil
Carbamyolating Inhibitors eg Rivastigmine
Organophosphorus Compounds

Galantamine

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13
Q

What is an example of of NMDA receptor antagonist

A

Dimeboline

Mimantine

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Statins

A

Inhibit beta-secretase and activate alpha-secretase

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15
Q

Antimuscarinic drugs indicated in Parkinsonism

A

Benztropine
Trihexyphenidyl
Bipyride
Procyclidine

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