Adrenergic System

Question 1

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is cleaved into two second messengers:

Answer 1

diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3).

Question 2

Mechanism of alpha 1 action

Answer 2

•Binding of agonist
•Activation of Gprotein
•Activation of phospholipase C…..cleaving of PIP2 to DAG and IP3
•Release of intracellular Calcium
•Activation of protein kinase C and calcium calmodulin complex which activates MLCK
•MLCK phosphorylate mlc leading to contraction

Question 3

Beta 1 receptors are primarily found in the

Answer 3

Heart

Question 4

What is the effect of beta 2 receptor activation in the bronchi

Answer 4

Bronchodilation- relaxation of smooth muscles

Question 5

Isoprenaline is a ……… receptor agonist and has no effect on ……….. receptor

Answer 5

Beta
Alpha

Question 6

Examples of a direct acting alpha 1 agonist

Answer 6

Methoxamine
Phenylephrine
Meturamin
Mephenteramine

Question 7

Use of direct acting alpha 1 agonist

Answer 7

•Nasal decongestion
•Management of hypotension due to overdose
•Blood pressure elevation during spinal anaesthesia
•Combined with local anesthetics to prolong effect
•Mydraitic agents

Question 8

Example of direct acting alpha 2 agonist

Answer 8

Brimonidine
Apraclonidine

Clonidine
Guanabenz
Guanfacine

Question 9

A side effect of alpha 2 agonists

Answer 9

Sexual dysfunction
Rebound htn
Bradycardia

Question 10

An example of a B1 agonist is

Answer 10

Dobutamine

Question 11

…………….. is a non selective beta agonist

Answer 11

Isoprenaline

Question 12

Beta 2 agonists Include

Answer 12

Salbutamol
Terbutaline
Fenoterol
Albuterol
Levalbuterol

Question 13

The indirect acting sympatomimetics are

Answer 13

Amphetamine
Metamphetamine
Methylphenidate
Cocaine
Ephedrine

Question 14

Example of an alpha 2 selective blocker used to improve sexual performance

Answer 14

Yohimbine

Question 15

Non selective alpha receptor blockers

Answer 15

Phenoxybenzamine
Phentalamine

Question 16

Alpha 1 receptor inhibitors

Answer 16

Prazosin
Doxazosin
Terazosin
Trimazosin

Question 17

Alpha receptor antagonists are used to treat

Answer 17

Pheochromocytoma
Chronic HTN
Hypertensive emergencies
HTN due to pheochromocytoma
Symptoms of BPh

Question 18

Beta 1 selective antagonists are

Answer 18

Metoprolol
Atenolol
Alprenolol
Esmolol

Question 19

Non selective beta blockers

Answer 19

Propanalol
Nadolol
Pindolol
Timolol

Question 20

Selective beta 2 blockers

Answer 20

Butoxamine

Question 21

Beta blockers are used in the treatment of

Answer 21

HTN
IHD
Heart failure

Question 22

Neuronal uptake is inhibited by

Answer 22

Tricyclic antidepressants

Question 23

Tyrosine hydroxylase is inhibited by

Answer 23

Metyrosine

Question 24

Direct acting sympathomimetics

Answer 24

Metaraminol
Mephentamine
Methoxamine
Phenylephrine
Epinephrine