Neurobiology Final Module 7

Question 1

ADHD symptoms occur d/t:

Answer 1

malfunctioning of the neuronal circuits of the PFC

Question 2

Why do circuits malfunction with ADHD patients?

Answer 2

dysregulation of DA and NE

Question 3

Treatment for ADHD focuses on _____ DA and NE release in the PFC

Answer 3

enhancing

Question 4

Put the following in order of treatment:
ADHD
mood and anxiety
alcohol and substance use
nicotine dependence

Answer 4

alcohol and substance use
mood and anxiety
ADHD
nicotine

Question 5

antagonizes transporters for both NE (NET) and DA (DAT). The result is enhanced function of both

Answer 5

methylphenidate

Question 6

blocks the transporters both for NE and DA, competitive inhibitor and pseudosubstrate for both NET and DAT, work by inhibiting NE and DA uptake

Answer 6

amphetamine

Question 7

list SE for stimulants (6)

Answer 7

increased wakefulness
increased arousal
increased BP
increased HR
irritability
appetite suppression

Question 8

stimulants increase _____ and _____ activity

Answer 8

DA, NE

Question 9

increases NE and DA in the PFC without abuse potential d/t not increasing NE and DA in the _____

Answer 9

SNRIs
nucleus accumbens

Question 10

give an example of an SNRI

Answer 10

atomoxetine

Question 11

side effects of SNRIs (3)

Answer 11

increased BP
increased HR
sedation
(sympathomimetic)

Question 12

stimulate a2A receptors (autoreceptors) which mitigate NE functions in the PFC (2 examples)

Answer 12

a2A adrenergic agonists
guanfacine
clonidine

Question 13

which drug is more selective for a2A

Answer 13

guanfacine

Question 14

which drug is non-selective for a2A

Answer 14

clonidine

Question 15

what is clonidine used off-label for?

Answer 15

ADHD (bxs linked with low levels of NE and low levels of DA in the VMPFC) argumentative, disobedient, aggressive, temper tantrums

Question 16

what are two side effects of a2A adrenergic agonists

Answer 16

reduced BP
orthostatic hypotension