Neurobiology 1: MS neuroinflammation, linked to neurodegeneration 2 Flashcards
What is MS?
Ms is an autoimmune, inflammatory demyelinating and degenerative condition of the CNS.
targets are myelinated CND tracts.
there is breakdown of blood brain barrier and destruction of myelin -> axonal damage, gliosis and formation of sclerotic plaques.
these MS lesions aka plaques may form in the CNS white matter any location.
how does it occur?
someone will have an autoimmune endophenotype and there will be focal inflammation -> oligodendrocyte toxicity and demyelination.
what do you see on MRI scan?
brain atrophy
when does MS present?
between 20-40s
Who does MS affect more?
Women >men
what genes are involved in MS?
HLA DRB1 on chromosome 6p21
most common in white population
familial recurrence in about 20%
risk depends on the age of migration
what factors increase the risk of MS?
vitamin D deficiency
viral infection
infection from MMR and EBV.
What is clinically isolated syndrome?
A clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is an acute or subacute neurological syndrome
A CIS is usually the first clinical event in an MS patient
what is radiologically isolated syndrome?
pt is asymptomatic but radiological findings on brain MRI - they do not have MS but are at risk of MS
what is relapsing-remitting MS?
MS constantly relapses and reoccurs
what is secondary progressive MS?
as relapse-remitting is worse, it causes it to progress it to be worse if not treated.
what is primary progressing MS?
Progressive disease from the onset
what are the sx of MS?
Painful optic neuritis
Partial acute transverse myelitis
Lhermitte’s symptom which is this electric shock sensation when bending the neck.
Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoparesis (INO)
Paroxysmal dysarthria\ataxia
Tonic seizures
Uhtoff’s is when the patient has worsening visual sx after increased body temperature such as after excercise.
What imaging should be done if a pt presents with optic neuritis?
Brain MRI to look for MS lesions
if the patient presents with spinal cord sx what should be done?
Spine MRI
