Neurobio Class 1-2 Flashcards

1
Q

An equation which can be used to find the equilibrium potential for a particular ion

A
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2
Q

ln(y) =

A

2.3log(y)

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3
Q

Calculate the equilibrium potential of potassium if the intracellular conc. is 150 and the extracellular 10 at physiological temperature.

A

E = (61/z)log([K+]out/[K+]in)

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4
Q

Physiological temp.

A

37 degrees C

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5
Q

Room temp

A

20 degrees C

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6
Q

Calculate the equilibrium potential of an ion at given extracellular and intraceullar concentrations at room temp

A

E = (58/z)mV x log([Ion]out/[Ion]in)

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7
Q

How can so many ions flow in and out when action potentials are so rapid?

A

Conc. changes are a few micromoles

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8
Q

What is the purpose of an action potential?

A

To control intracellular [Ca2+]

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9
Q

Conc. of Ca2+ inside cell

A

0.1 mM

(not a ton, 0.1)

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10
Q

Conc. of Ca2+ outside cell

A

1.8 mM

(1.8 outside the gate)

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11
Q

Ions whose extracellular concentrations exceed 100 mM

A

Na+ and Cl-

Why I love table salt?

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12
Q

Ions whose extracellular conc. are less than 2 mM

A

Mg2+, Ca2+, H+

So basically remember Magnesium is 1.5 mM

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13
Q

Mg2+, Ca2+, H+

A

Ions whose extracellular conc. are less than 2 mM

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14
Q

pH inside the cell

A

7.2-7.4 (same as outside)

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15
Q

Extracellular K+ conc

A

4 mM, same as intracellular Cl-

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16
Q

Extracellular HCO3- conc.

A

29 mM (about 3x intra, which is 12 mM)

17
Q

Magnesium conc. inside cell

A

1.5 mM, same as outside

18
Q

Ions whose intracellular conc. exceed 100

A

K+ and negatively charged nucleotides/other organic molecules

(139, 138)

19
Q

What is the RMP of a typical neuron

A

between -50 and -90 mV

20
Q

How can you tell axons from dendrites when they are entangled

A

Tagged antibodies for specific microtubule binding proteins. MAP2 shared by soma and dendrites. Tau found mainly in axons.

21
Q

How can a scientist dintinguish axons from dendrites?

A

Tagged antibodies for specific microtubule-binding proteins: MAPII soma and dendrites, Tau mainly axons

22
Q

Parts of neuron

A
  1. dendrites
  2. cell body (soma)
  3. axon
  4. axon terminals
23
Q

Example of an early 20th century honor bestowed for something related to neuroscience

A

1906 Nobel for Physiology or Medicine

Camilo Golgi and Santiago Roman y Cajol for work on structure of nervous system.

24
Q

Functional classifications of neurons

A

SIM

  1. sensory
  2. interneurons (relay/projectile and local)
  3. motor
25
Morphological Classifications of neurons
BUM 1. Bipolar 2. Unipolar & pseudo-unipolar (DRG) 3. Multipolar ![]()
26
Tracing action potential along neuron
Input at soma, integration at axon hillock, conductoin through axon, output at terminals of axon
27
Excititory post synaptic potential looks like
28
Inhibitory post synaptic potential looks like
29
Schwann cells belong to
PNS
30
make myelin sheath for CNS
oligodendrocytes
31
types of glial cells
SOA Schwan oligodendrocytes astrocytes
32
Functions of glial cells
Signal SSS + GFR myelin sheath structural support scavenge debris signalling: uptake neurotransmitters/buffer K+ guide neuron migration/axon outgrowth form blood-brain barrier release growth factors that nourish
33
The reason xtracellular K+ concentrations differs from that predicted by Nernst equation
Sodium leaves cell and membrane potential is less negative at low xtracellular K+ concentrations