Neurobio Class 1-2

Question 1

An equation which can be used to find the equilibrium potential for a particular ion

Answer 1

Question 2

ln(y) =

Answer 2

2.3log(y)

Question 3

Calculate the equilibrium potential of potassium if the intracellular conc. is 150 and the extracellular 10 at physiological temperature.

Answer 3

E = (61/z)log([K⁺]_out/[K⁺]_in)

Question 4

Physiological temp.

Answer 4

37 degrees C

Question 5

Room temp

Answer 5

20 degrees C

Question 6

Calculate the equilibrium potential of an ion at given extracellular and intraceullar concentrations at room temp

Answer 6

E = (58/z)mV x log([Ion]_out/[Ion]_in)

Question 7

How can so many ions flow in and out when action potentials are so rapid?

Answer 7

Conc. changes are a few micromoles

Question 8

What is the purpose of an action potential?

Answer 8

To control intracellular [Ca²⁺]

Question 9

Conc. of Ca²⁺ inside cell

Answer 9

0.1 mM

(not a ton, 0.1)

Question 10

Conc. of Ca²⁺ outside cell

Answer 10

1.8 mM

(1.8 outside the gate)

Question 11

Ions whose extracellular concentrations exceed 100 mM

Answer 11

Na⁺ and Cl^-

Why I love table salt?

Question 12

Ions whose extracellular conc. are less than 2 mM

Answer 12

Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, H⁺

So basically remember Magnesium is 1.5 mM

Question 13

Mg2+, Ca2+, H+

Answer 13

Ions whose extracellular conc. are less than 2 mM

Question 14

pH inside the cell

Answer 14

7.2-7.4 (same as outside)

Question 15

Extracellular K⁺ conc

Answer 15

4 mM, same as intracellular Cl^-

Question 16

Extracellular HCO₃^- conc.

Answer 16

29 mM (about 3x intra, which is 12 mM)

Question 17

Magnesium conc. inside cell

Answer 17

1.5 mM, same as outside

Question 18

Ions whose intracellular conc. exceed 100

Answer 18

K+ and negatively charged nucleotides/other organic molecules

(139, 138)

Question 19

What is the RMP of a typical neuron

Answer 19

between -50 and -90 mV

Question 20

How can you tell axons from dendrites when they are entangled

Answer 20

Tagged antibodies for specific microtubule binding proteins. MAP2 shared by soma and dendrites. Tau found mainly in axons.

Question 21

How can a scientist dintinguish axons from dendrites?

Answer 21

Tagged antibodies for specific microtubule-binding proteins: MAPII soma and dendrites, Tau mainly axons

Question 22

Parts of neuron

Answer 22

1. dendrites
2. cell body (soma)
3. axon
4. axon terminals

Question 23

Example of an early 20th century honor bestowed for something related to neuroscience

Answer 23

1906 Nobel for Physiology or Medicine

Camilo Golgi and Santiago Roman y Cajol for work on structure of nervous system.

Question 24

Functional classifications of neurons

Answer 24

SIM

1. sensory
2. interneurons (relay/projectile and local)
3. motor

Question 25

Morphological Classifications of neurons

Answer 25

BUM

1. Bipolar
2. Unipolar & pseudo-unipolar (DRG)
3. Multipolar

Question 26

Tracing action potential along neuron

Answer 26

Input at soma, integration at axon hillock, conductoin through axon, output at terminals of axon

Question 27

Excititory post synaptic potential looks like

Answer 27

Question 28

Inhibitory post synaptic potential looks like

Answer 28

Question 29

Schwann cells belong to

Answer 29

PNS

Question 30

make myelin sheath for CNS

Answer 30

oligodendrocytes

Question 31

types of glial cells

Answer 31

SOA

Schwan

oligodendrocytes

astrocytes

Question 32

Functions of glial cells

Answer 32

Signal SSS + GFR

myelin sheath

structural support

scavenge debris

signalling: uptake neurotransmitters/buffer K+

guide neuron migration/axon outgrowth

form blood-brain barrier

release growth factors that nourish

Question 33

The reason xtracellular K+ concentrations differs from that predicted by Nernst equation

Answer 33

Sodium leaves cell and membrane potential is less negative at low xtracellular K+ concentrations