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Neuro > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

Spinal Cord and Brain anatomy

1
Q

What cranial fossa does the brainstem lie in?

A

Posterior Cranial Fossa

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2
Q

What CN’s emerge from the pontomedullary junction?

A

CNVI, CNVII, CNVII

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3
Q

What is the function of the pyramids of the medulla?

A

Carry motor fibres to spinal cord and brain stem

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4
Q

What are the functions of the olives of the medulla ?

A

Aid sound perception and motor learning

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5
Q

Where does the “open” part of the medulla open onto?

A

The fourth ventricle

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6
Q

Where does the medulla become the spinal cord?

A

Foramen Magnum

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7
Q

What is the middle cerebellar penduncle made up of?

A

Centripetal fibres

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8
Q

What lies immediately superior to the midbrain?

A

The thalamus

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9
Q

What lies immediately inferior to the midbrain?

A

The pons

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10
Q

What do cerebral peduncles connect?

A

The midbrain to the cerebrum

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11
Q

What makes up the diencephalon?

A

The thalamus and the hypothalamus

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12
Q

What does the diencephalon lie between?

A

Telencephalon and the midbrain

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13
Q

What is the name of the midline structure connecting the two cerebellar hemispheres?

A

The Vermis

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14
Q

What is the name of the ventricular space which lies anterior to the cerebellum?

A

The 4th ventricle

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15
Q

What is the name of the large fissure which separates the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Longitudinal Fissure

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16
Q

What lines the longitudinal fissure?

A

The Falx Cerebri

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17
Q

What type of nerve fibres are carried in the corpus callosum?

A

Commisural

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18
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex found?

A

Frontal Lobe

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19
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex found?

A

Occiptal Lobe

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20
Q

Where is the primary sensory cortex found?

A

Parietal Lobe

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21
Q

Where is the primary auditory cortex found?

A

Temporal Lobe

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22
Q

Where does the spinal cord terminate in an adult?

A

L1/L2

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23
Q

Where does the spinal cord terminate in a new born?

A

L3

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24
Q

Where does the dura mater terminate?

A

S2

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25
Q

At which spinal level does arachnoid mater terminate?

A

S2

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26
Q

At which vertebral level would you perform a lumbar puncture?

A

L3/L4

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27
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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28
Q

From which arteries do the left and right vertebral arteries arise?

A

Subclavian

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29
Q

What artery links the ICA to the post. cerebral arteries?

A

Post. Communication Artery

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30
Q

What does the vertebro-basilar system supply?

A

Brain stem, occipital lobes and cerebellum

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31
Q

What artery runs immediately superior to the superior cerebellar arteries?

A

Posterior Cerebral Artery

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32
Q

Which cranial nerve lies just above the sup. cerebellar artery?

A

Occulomotor

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33
Q

The carotid sinus is located at the terminal part of which artery?

A

The ICA

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34
Q

Where are dural venous sinuses found?

A

Between the periosteum and the cranial dura

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35
Q

Where do dural venous drain?

A

Into the IJV

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36
Q

Which foramen does the IJV pass through?

A

The jugular foramen

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37
Q

What is the fold of dura which surrounds the pituitary stalk called?

A

Diaphragm sellae

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38
Q

Where does the superior ophthalmic vein drain?

A

The cavernous sinus

38
Q

The vertebral and the posterior spinal artery fuse to form which artery?

A

The anterior spinal artery

40
Q

Where does the falx cerebri attach posteriorly?

A

Upper Surface of the Cerebellar Tentorium

41
Q

Where does the falx cerebri attach anteriorly?

A

The crista gali, frontal and ethmoid sinuses

42
Q

The posterior spinal arteries are branches of which arteries?

A

The vertebral and inferior cerebellar arteries

43
Q

Which dural venous sinus runs within the upper border of the falx cerebri?

A

The superior saggital sinus

44
Q

Which dural venous sinus runs along the lower border of the falx cerebri?

A

Inferior sagittal sinus

45
Q

What embryological structures form the ventricles?

A

The forebrain and the hindbrain

46
Q

What fluid circulates the subarachnoid space?

A

The CSF

47
Q

What structures lie on either side of the tentorium cerebelli?

A

Occipital lobes of cerebrum and the cerebellum

48
Q

What bony process does the tentorium cerebelli attach to anteriorly?

A

Clinoid process of the sphenoid

49
Q

Which dural venous sinus runs along the attachment of the falx cerebri to the tentorium?

A

The straight sinus

50
Q

The medial portion of the cerebrum contains which system?

A

The limbic system

51
Q

What generates CSF within ventricles?

A

Choroid Plexus’

52
Q

What branch of the maxillary artery supplies the dura mater?

A

The Middle Meningeal Artery

53
Q

Where is CSF reabsorbed back into general circulation?

A

Arachnoid Granulations

54
Q

What structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

The Corpus Callosum

55
Q

What sulcus separates the brain into the anterior and posterior sections?

A

The Central Sulcus

56
Q

What lobe lies anterior to the precentral gyrus?

A

The frontal lobe

57
Q

The parietal, occipital and temporal lobe lie posterior to which strucure?

A

The post-central gyrus

58
Q

What connects the inferior petrosal sinuses?

A

The basilar plexus

59
Q

What drains into the cavernous sinus?

A

The superior and anterior ophthalmic veins, superficial middle cerebral vein, and sphenoparietal sinus

60
Q

What structures in the skull base is the cavernous sinus closely related to?

A

The temporal and sphenoid bone, bilateral to the sella turcica

61
Q

The middle meningeal artery supplies what ?

A

The dura mater

62
Q

The middle meningeal artery enters the skull through which foramen?

A

The foramen spinosum

63
Q

The maxillary artery is a branch of which artery?

A

The ECA

64
Q

The ventricular system is formed by which embryological structure?

A

The neural tube

65
Q

Where does the foramen of monro lie ?

A

The Hypothalamus

66
Q

Where does the lateral ventricle lie within the brain? Give detail

A

Ant. Horn - Frontal Lobe
Body - Frontal and Parietal Lobe
Post. Horn - Occipital and Parietal lobe
Inferior Horn- Temporal lobe

67
Q

Where does the third ventricle lie within the brain ?

A

thalamus

68
Q

Where does the cerebral aqueduct lie within the brain?

A

Midbrain

69
Q

Where does the fourth ventricle lie within the brain?

A

The Pons

70
Q

Name the four parts of the corpus callosum?

A

Rostrum, Genu, Body and Splenium

71
Q

What separates the two anterior horns of the lateral ventricle?

A

Septum Pellucidum

72
Q

The thalamus is made up of which type of fibres?

A

Grey matter fibres

73
Q

Name some functions of the thalamus?

A

Regulate body temperature, hormones, thirst, hunger, circadian rhythm, processing fear

74
Q

What lies on top of the pituitary gland?

A

The diaphragma sellae

75
Q

What fibres make up the internal nucleus?

A

white mater (myelinated axons)

76
Q

What kind of fibres connect cerebral hemispheres with other bits of the brain?

A

Projection fibres

77
Q

What artery supplies the internal capsule?

A

The middle cerebral artery

78
Q

Which aspect of the spinal cord receives sensory nerve fibres?

A

Dorsal Root

79
Q

Which aspect of the spinal cord receives motor nerve fibres?

A

Ventral Horn

80
Q

Where does the middle cerebral artery lie?

A

The central sulcus

81
Q

Where does the anterior cerebral artery lie ?

A

The longitudinal fissure

82
Q

Where does the posterior cerebral artery lie?

A

The junction between the midbrain and pons

83
Q

Where does the basilar artery lie close to?

A

The pontomedullary junction

84
Q

What does the medial genticulate nucleus conduct?

A

Sound

85
Q

What does the lateral genticulate nucleus conduct?

A

Visual Information

86
Q

What drains the fourth ventricle?

A

The foramen of magendie

87
Q

What artery causes a extradural haematoma?

A

Middle meningeal artery = branch of maxillary artery

88
Q

What nerves are connected to the cavernous sinus?

A

Facial and abducens nerve

89
Q

What arteries does the occulomotor nerve pass through?

A

The posterior and superior cerebral arteries

90
Q

What would occur during a hemisection of the spine?

A

Contralateral loss of PAIN and TEMPERATURE below lesion (AS SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT DECUSSATES AT SAME LEVEL OF SPINAL ROOT ENTRY)

Ipsilateral loss of vibration and touch below lesion (as DCML has already decussated at medulla)

Ipsilateral spasticity below lesion(Corticospinal tract has also decussated at medulla)

91
Q

Where does the middle menigeal artery enter the cranium?

A

Foramen spinosum

92
Q

What occurs with a hypoglossal nerve palsy?

A

Tongue deviates TOWARD side of lesion

93
Q

What blood vessels cause a subdural haemorrhage?

A

Bridging veins

94
Q

How is the SCM innervated?

A

By CNXI

Neuro (16 decks)

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