Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

critical care > neuro pt. 2 (TBI/concussion/hematoma) > Flashcards

neuro pt. 2 (TBI/concussion/hematoma) Flashcards

1
Q

what stage of TBI is when injury occurs related to the direct force at the time of event

A

primary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what stage of TBI are problems resulting from the initial wound

A

secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

examples of secondary complications of TBI

A

biochemical changes
inadequate perfusion
hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what should be assessed with all head injuries?

A

C spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe glasgow coma scale as the patient improves

A

score goes up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is response from the initial injury that can worsen the trauma?

A

secondary injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are common causes if secondary injury?

A

ischemia
hypercapnia
cerebral edema
sustained HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how are secondary injuries harmful after TBI

A

they inc. ICP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is done to prevent effects of secondary injry in TBI

A

all things to dec. ICP!
-calm, quiet, neutral position, no clustering, maintain o2, dec. CO2, no trendelenberg, no valsalva, minimal stimulation, visitor restriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

is a skull fracture a TBI?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what kind of skull fracture is an open wound

A

compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what kind of skull fracture is a closed wound or where edges don’t meet

A

dispalced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what kind of skull fracture is a crack

A

linear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what kind of skull fracture is when depressed bone fragments are pushed into brain tissue

A

compressed/depressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which skull fracture typically needs surgical repair and has high risk of infection

A

compression/depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what fractures occur at the base o fore of skull

A

basilar skull fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what kind of skull fracture is a basilar skull fracture? (2 options)

A

linear or displaced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is important to assess in basilar skull fracture?

A

extraocular movements from impingement of cranial nerves

19
Q

what is important to avoid with basilar skull fractures

A

nasogastric or nasotrachial suctioning
-it increases the chance of tube passing the fracture and going to the brain

20
Q

what does CSF drainage fromt he ear or nose from a basilar skull fracture indicate?

A

damage to dura

21
Q

what does otorrhea (CSF drainage from ear) indicate in basilar skull fracture

A

fracture in middle fossa

22
Q

what is a delayed finding of basilar skull fracture

A

ecchymosis (bruising) behind ear - Battle’s sign

23
Q

what is battle’s sign

A

bruising behind ear - late sign of basialr skull fracture

24
Q

what does rhinorrhea (CSF drainage from nose) indicate in basilar skull fracture?

A

fracture in anterior fossa

25
Q

what is a late finding of basilar skull fracture

A

raccoon eyes (bruising around etes)

26
Q

what is a layering of yellow fluid when blood is wiped with gauze?

A

halo sign - indicative of csf

27
Q

what is an effective test for csf but takes time

A

test fluid for beta-2 transferrin

28
Q

treatment of basilar skull fracture

A

csf leaks heal spontaneously
20% need surgery
loose gauze draped to ear or nose to quantify amount and character of fluid (DO NOT OCCLUDE)
neuro/cranial nerve assessment

29
Q

any alteration in mental status resulting from trauma

A

concussion

30
Q

concussion management

A

rest the brain! (no stimulants, no screens, no physical activity, no schoolwork)

31
Q

what is post concussion syndrome

A

lasting effects 6 mo. to 5 yrs after initial injury

32
Q

bruising of brain

A

contusion

33
Q

complications of contusion

A

expansion of herneation
cerebral edema

34
Q

collection of blood between dura and inside of skull

A

epidural hematoma

35
Q

what hematoma is caused by laceration of middle of meningela artery

A

epidural hematoma

36
Q

what hematoma results from low impact injuries (falls) or high impact (MVC)

A

epidural hematoma

37
Q

which condition has manifestations of
-temporal skull fx
-rapid dec. LOC (talk and die)
-uncal herniation

A

epidural heamtoma

38
Q

treatment of epidural hematoma

A

surgical emergency
-burr holes to evacuate clot

39
Q

what hematoma is accumulation of venous blood bleow the dura and above the arachnoid layer

A

subdural hematoma

40
Q

which populatations have higher incidence of subdural hematomas?

A

elderly and ETOH abusers
-higher fall risks
-cortical atrophy increases tension on veins

41
Q

describe the lengths of acute, subacute, and chronic categories of subdural heamtoms

A

acute = 1-2 days
subacute = 2 days - 2 weeks
chronic = > 2 weeks

42
Q

what symptoms do subdural hematomas cause (when blood accumulates over time)

A

headache
lethargy
confusion
seizure

43
Q

surgical intervention of subdural hematoma

A

burr holes & drain

44
Q

nurse cares for absilar skull fx pt. which is not an appropriate intervention?
1) tight gauze in nose
2) neuro assessment q1h
3) promote incentive spirometer
4) instruct to not blow nose

A

1) tight gauze

critical care (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions