Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RUSVM SAM 1 > Neuro - Pelvic Limb Conditons > Flashcards

Neuro - Pelvic Limb Conditons Flashcards

1
Q

What disease occurs due to degeneration of axons and their myelin sheaths in the thoracolumbar spinal cord?

A

Degenerative myelopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Degenerative myelopathy mainly affects what animals?

A

Large and giant breed dogs

GSD, boxer, corgi, Siberian husky, cheasapeake bay retrievers and Rhodesian ridgebacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is degenerative myelopathy an acute or chronic onset disease

A

Chronic - over 6 to 20 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

GSD, 8yrs old
Knuckling, dragging toes, crossing legs when walking , ataxia of pelvic limbs. UMN signs. No hyperesthesia
What would be on your DDX?

A

Degenerative myelopathy

Lumborosacral degenerative stenosis -> pain on tail jack test

Thoracolumbar intervertebral disk disease -> can be associated with pain due to stretching on longitudinal ligaments

Diskospondylitis -> other signs of infection (pyrexia, depression, and weight loss)

Vertebral and spinal neoplasia

Fibrocartiaginous emboli -> non painful but usually lateralizing

Vertebral fracture/luxation -> history of trauma, spinal hyperesthesia, anesthesia, decreased voluntary motor activity, crepitus, Schiff-Sherrington

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you clinically diagnose degenerative myelopathy??

A

Signs
Exclusion of inflammatory and compressive causes
Myelin based protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the treatment for degenerative myelopathy?

A

None

Good nursing care and intensive physiotherapy can give the animal a few more months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What disease results from an instability of th L7/S1 area and can cause spinal cord compression?

A

Lumbosacral degenerative stenosis/Lumbosacral malarticuation-malformation(instability)/ cauda equina syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F: in lumborosacral degenerative stenosis, compression of the spinal cord results in LMN signs in the femoral, sciatic, and pudendal nerves

A

False

Femoral nerve is spared -> retain ability to flex hip

LMN-sciatic and pudendal -> inability for flex/extend hock and urinary/fecal incontinence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F: in lumbosacral degenerative stenosis, there is no disc degeneration, but changes in ligaments and articulation facets

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the signalment of dogs with cauda equina syndrome ?

A

Large breed dogs, especially working dogs.
GSDs and Border collies
5-8yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Border collie 6yr old

Lumborosacral pain
Difficulty rising and negotiating stairs
Decreased extension of the hock
Flaccid tail with pain elicited on tail jack test
What is your top DDX?

A

Lumborosacral degenerative stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What tests would you do to support a suspected diagnosis of cauda equina syndrome?

A

Radiographs

Myelography can confirm compression, but most dogs the subarachnoid space ends and L6/L7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the treatment for lumbosacral degenerative stenosis ???

A

Medical management - muscle relaxants/tramadol/pred (good results but often signs recur when exercise levels increase)

Lumbosacral dorsal laminectomy and removal of ligaments and bone generating pressure on nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F:: in most breeds, there is almost complete replacement of the annulus fibrosis with fibrocartilage by 7-8yrs of age

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dorsal displacement of the nucleus pulposus can result in stretch of the _________________ ligaments

A

Dorsal longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a Hansen type 1 disc disease

A

Explosive extrusion of nucleus pulposus material into spinal canal

Chondrodystrophic breeds- Dashshunds, Pekingese, Welsh corgi, Beagles, Bassets, and Cocker Spaniels
And poodles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a Hansen type 2 disc disease? What type of dogs does it occur in?

A

Small tears appear in he annulus fibrosis and a slow protrusion of the nucleus pulposus

Large breed dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why do disc protrusions rarely occur between T2 and T10?

A

Intercapital ligament

19
Q

Spinal cord compression typically results in the sequential looks of neurological function in what order?

A

Conscious proprioception
Voluntary motor function and urinary/fecal continence
Superficial pain sensation
Deep pain sensation

20
Q

How can intervertebral disc disease be diagnosed?

A

Spinal radiographs
-collapsed disc spaces with calcified material in vertebral canal

Myelography
-dye deviates around the disc

21
Q

What is treatment of intervertebral disc disease dependent on?

A

Grade of injury
Grade 1 - hyperesthesia wout neuro defects
Grade 2- paresis but ambulatory
Grade 3- paresis but non-ambulatory
Grade 4- paralysis with deep pain intact
Grade 5- paralysis with no deep pain reflex

22
Q

What is treatment option as the best outcome for intervertebral disc disease that is a grade 1-3?

A

Strict cage rest -2wks

Pain-> NSAIDS (not effective), Pred (effective but can cause PU/PD/PP, panting, potbelly, GI need, UTI, addisons)
-> diazepam/methocarbamol to reduce muscle spasm

PHYSIO

23
Q

What treatment option has the greatest probability of success with a grade 4 intervertebral disc disease?

A

Surgery -90% improve
On cage rest only 50-70% recovery that is very slow

Dorsolateral hemilaminectomy and fenestration

24
Q

What is the prognosis of a grad 5 intervertebral disc disease?

A

Very poor - severe and often irreversible SC injury
50% recover with surgery
-dorsal hemilaminectomy and durotomy

Requires intensive nursing and physio

25
Q

Is there a way to prevent thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease?

A

Percutaneous laser disc ablation - percutaneous placed needles at T10 to L4

Only 4% of recurrence vs 10-20%

26
Q

Diskospondylitis results from???

A

Infection of end plates and disk

-> usually Staph intermedius, B canis, or strep

27
Q

What is the usual signalment of dogs with diskospondylitis?

A

Large, middle-aged male dogs

More common in males due to UTI and prostatitis

28
Q

What are the signs of diskospondylitis?

A

Hyperesthesia, fever, depression, weight loss

-> disc destroyed -> replacement with osteophyte and fiberous CT -> bony proliferation causes compression to spinal cord

29
Q

You suspect diskospondylitis based on clinical signs of paresis to the hindlimbs with fever and depression. What would you do to confirm your diagnosis?

A

Radiographs —> would see lysis, sclerosis, or spondylosis

CSF—> normal

Serology

30
Q

Treatment of diskospondylitis ?

A

Antibiotics -> parenteral high dose for 5 days (bacteriocidal antibiotic that can penetrate bone)

up to 54wks oral antibiotics

Treat until radiographic resolution

31
Q

What is the most common intramedullary tumor in dogs?

A

Metastatic hemangiosarcoma

32
Q

What are the most common extradural neoplasias in dogs?

A

Osteosarcoma/chondrosarcoma/fibrosarcoma
Meningioma
Hemangioma

33
Q

What is the most common vertebral and spinal neoplasia in cats?

A

Lymphoma (often seen in cats with FeLV)

34
Q

Radiograph shows punched out lesions in the dorsal spinal processes of the vertebrae, what is your top DDX?

A

Multiple myeloma

35
Q

What type of tumor would result in a myelogram where the columns become thin and diverge?

A

Intramedullary

36
Q

What type of neoplasia will appear in a myelogram as a “golf tee” outline ?

A

Intradural-extramedullary

37
Q

What type of neoplasm appears in a myelogram as a deviation on one side which compresses the opposing spinal column?

A

Extradural

38
Q

What is the BEST way to diagnose an vertebral neoplasia?

A

CT/MRI

39
Q

What is the best treatment of most vertebral neoplasias?

A

Resection, most recur and only prolong life by 6-12months

40
Q

History of trauma,
Shock
PE: Spinal hyperesthesia, paresis of both hindlimbs, and crepitus

What would be your top DDX and what would your next diagnostic step be?

A

Vertebral fracture/luxations

Radiograph and myelogram -> look for misalignments

41
Q

What would be your treatment for a vertebral fracture

A

Treat shock first -> colloids (decrease shock and inflamm in spinal cord)

Pain -opioids

Spinal edema -> 20% mannitol (after addressing shock and hypovolemia)

Surgery decompress and stabilization -> in under 4hrs from injury and if there is a deep pain response

42
Q

Radiograph shows a vertebrae with a triangular shape instead of rectangular. What is this and what breeds is it most common in??

A

Hemivertebrae

Bulldogs and Bostons

43
Q

Manx cats have lack of development of the sacral nerve area, sometimes leading to lack of development of the pudenal nerve. What is the name of this condition?

A

Sacrococcygeal dysgenesis

44
Q

Old dog
Shaking with standing, sitting, and laying. Disappears with movment
Neuro exams is normal, all reflexes intact
Good strength of flexor withdrawal

What is your dx ?

A

Old god hind limb tremors

-no treatment just cosmetic

RUSVM SAM 1 (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions