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RUSVM SAM 1 > Electrocardiography > Flashcards

Electrocardiography Flashcards

1
Q

The SA node is made up of __________ cells that spontaneously depolarize

A

Pacemaker

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2
Q

The impulse from the SA node is conducted through the atria causing??

A

Myocyte depolarization then contraction (=atrial systole)

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3
Q

Where does the electrical impulse travel after the AV node?

A

AV node —> bundle of His—> left and right bundle branches —> purkinje fibers —> ventricular depolarization and contraction

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4
Q

What allows the impulse to travel through the heart?

A

Ion fluxes across the cell membranes

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5
Q

Where are the EEG wires placed?

A

White -front right
Green- right hind
Black - left front
Red- left hind

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6
Q

When an electrical impulse moves toward the positive pole, there will be a _________ deflection i the ECG

A

Upward

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7
Q

When an electrical impulse moves toward a negative electrode, there will be a ________ deflection on the ECG

A

Downward

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8
Q

What does lead 1 span?

A

Right front leg (-) to left front leg (+)

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9
Q

Lead 2 spans??

A

Right front leg (-) to left hind leg (+)

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10
Q

Lead 3 spans??

A

Left front leg (-) to left hind leg (+)

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11
Q

P wave =

A

Atrial depolarization

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12
Q

QRS =

A

Ventricular depolarization

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13
Q

T wave =

A

Ventricular repolarization

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14
Q

What is the PR interval?

A

Atrial depolarization and conduction through AV node

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15
Q

What is the QT interval?

A

Ventricular depolarization and repolarization

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16
Q

What is the R-R interval ?

A

Time between ventricular depolarizations

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17
Q

What is the ST segment ?

A

Time between the end of ventricular depolarization and the beginning of repolarization

-normally isoelectric

18
Q

What is the PR segment ?

A

Time between end of atrial depolarization and the beginning of ventricular depolarization

-normally isoelectric

19
Q

If your paper speed is 25mm/sec, each small box is how many seconds?

A

0.04

20
Q

If your paper speed is 50mm/sec, each small box is how many seconds?

A

0.02sec

21
Q

On an ECG, what does the y-axis represent?

A

Voltage

22
Q

The height of the voltage on an ECG is determined by the ??

A

Amplitude calibration

Common amplitudes

  • 10mm/mv -> small box 0.1mV
  • 5mm/mv-> small box 0.2mV
23
Q

What does it mean to have a “narrow” ORS complex?

A

Normal duration

Cat < 40ms
Dog < 60ms

24
Q

What does it mean to have a “wide” QRS?

A

Prolonged duration

Cat >40ms
Dog >60ms

25
Q

What does it mean to have atrioventricular association?

A

The impulse that depolarizers the atria is the same impulse tat depolarizes the ventricles

26
Q

What two waves and which interval would help figure out if there is AV association?

A

Pwave and Rwave

PR interval

27
Q

What is a sinus rhythm?

A

Consecutive sinus complexes with regular RR and PR intervals

3 or more QRS complexes with the same morphology is a rhythm

28
Q

How do you calculate the heart rate if paper speed is 25mm/sec?

A

In 30boxes

The number of QRS complexes x 10

29
Q

How do you calculate the heart rate if paper speed is 50mm/sec?

A

Number of QRS complexes in 30 boxes x 20 =bpm

30
Q

If the R-R intervals vary, then the rhythm is??

A

Irregular

31
Q

An abnormally high Pwave suggests?

A

Right atrial enlargement

32
Q

An abnormally this R wave suggests?

A

Left ventricular enlargement

33
Q

An abnormally high Swave suggests?

A

Right ventricular enlargement

34
Q

An abnormally wide duration can suggest??

A

1) chamber enlargement
2) bundle branch block
3) ectopic ventricular impulse

35
Q

What is the MEA?

A

Mean electrical axis - average direction of the electrical potential generated during a cardiac cycle

36
Q

What is a pause ?

A

If a QRS is “late”

Ie prolonged P-R interval

37
Q

There is a sinus arrhythmia if there is ______variation in R-R intervals with a pattern to the irregularity

A

> 10%

38
Q

What is a respiratory sinus arrhythmia ?

A

HR accelerates during inspiration and slows during expiration

-normal heart rate

—> can be exaggerated in patients with certain respiratory diseases due to change in intrathoracic pressure

39
Q

What do you call the condition where there is variation in the site of impulse formation in/near the SA node

A

Wandering pacemaker

40
Q

What would you see on a ECG for wandering pacemaker?

A

Variation in P wave

Consistent PR interval

Rhythm is often RSA

—> WP is normal in resting/calm dogs at clinic (PSNS > SNS)

RUSVM SAM 1 (26 decks)

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