CIRD And FURI And Resp Parasites

Question 1

Canine infectious respiratory disease is AKA?

Answer 1

Kennel cough

Infectious tracheobronchitis

Question 2

Canine infectious respiratory disease is caused by various combinations of respiratory viruses and bacteria. What are they?

Answer 2

Canine parainfluenza 
Canine adenovirus 2
Canine herpesvirus 1
Canine distemper 
Canine coronavirus 
Canine influenza 
Canine pneumonitis 

Bordetella brochiseptica (commonly a secondary pathogen)
Mycoplasma cynos
Strep equi subspecies zooepidemicus

Question 3

How is CIRD transmitted?

Answer 3

Oronasal exposure through direct contact with respiratory secretions and/or inhalation of aerosolized respiratory droplets (sneezing or coughing)

CHV-1 is also transmitted in genital secretions and transplacentally

Question 4

What dogs are at highest risk for contracting CIRD?

Answer 4

Those with exposure to large amounts of dogs…

Shelter 
Boarding/grooming facility 
Daycare/dog park 
Dog show 
Breeding facility 
Veterinary clinic

Question 5

What is the incubation period and shedding time for CIRD?

Answer 5

Incubation 3-10days

Shedding in respiratory sections for 10days

Question 6

T/F: bordetella produces toxins that facilitate colonization and infection

Answer 6

True

Question 7

T/F: most infections of CIRD are mild, uncomplicated and confined to nasal cavities, sinuses, trachea, and bronchi

Answer 7

True

Except with canine influenza virus and strep equi —> more likely to cause severe bronchitis/bronchopneumonia

Question 8

What is the most common clinical sign with CIRD?

Answer 8

Cough
(Often the only sign)

—amount/frequency of cough can be excessive

• often paroxysmal and have terminal retch or gag
• often non productive

Question 9

T/F: on PE if you have fever, mucopurulent, nasal/ocular discharge, and abnormal lung sounds, this case is probably an uncomplicated CRID

Answer 9

False

Suspect complicated CIRD/pneumonia

Question 10

What do you do if history and PE are consistent with uncomplicated CIRD?

Answer 10

Does not require additional testing

Treatment:

• > cough suppressant (eg hydrocodone) unless cough is productive
• > isolation from other dogs, rest, minimize stress
• > antibiotic if bacterial component is suspected (bordetella/mycoplasma — doxycyline is good first choice)

Question 11

What do you do if your history and PE is consistent with complicated CIRD?

Answer 11

Thoracic radiographs
MDB
Fecal and HW testing
PCR panel

Complicated CIRD / pneumonia —> antibiotic therapy
Isolation as long as they are contagious

Question 12

Shedding of bordetella may occur for _______ weeks after coughing has resolved, so dogs with suspected CIRD should be kept away from other animals during this period

Answer 12

3-4

Question 13

T/F: feline upper respiratory tract infection is more often bacterial rather than viral

Answer 13

False

Viral >bacterial

Question 14

What are the two main causes of FURI?

Answer 14

Feline herpesvirus 1 (feline rhinotracheitis)

Feline calicivirus

Question 15

What are bacterial causes of FURI?

Answer 15

Bordetella bronchiseptica
Chlamydia felis
Mycoplasma felis

Question 16

When does shedding of FeHV-1 increase?

Answer 16

When cats are stressed

Once infected with FeHV-1 cats will develop chronic latent infection (lifelong carriers) -> any stressor can reactivity infection and clinical signs can emerge

Question 17

How is FHV1 and FCV transmitted?

Answer 17

Primarily by direct contact between cats

-resp secretions/discharge

FCV may also be shed in urine and feces

Question 18

What are common clinical signs of a cat with FURI?

Answer 18

Ocular/nasal discharge
Sneezing 
Ptylism 
Sometimes coughing 
Decreased appetite

Question 19

T/F: feline calicivirus causes a ulcerative stromal keratitis

Answer 19

False

Feline herpesvirus causes an ulcerative stromal keratitis

Question 20

How do you treat FURI?

Answer 20

Supportive: humidification, fluid therapy, appetite stimulant

Antibiotic therapy to target bordetella/chlamydia/mycoplasma

Lysine -> interfere with FHV (reduce shedding)

Question 21

What type of parasite is Mammomonogamus?

Answer 21

Small nematode

Question 22

Where is mammomonogamus geographically found?

Answer 22

Puerto Rico

St Kitts and other small islands of Caribbean

Question 23

What does mammomonogamus cause?

Answer 23

Attaches to the mucosal lining of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx —> mild chronic inflammation

Usually causes mild clinical signs

Question 24

How can mammomonogamus be diagnosed and treated?

Answer 24

Fecal float —> large embronyated eggs

Fenbendazole

Question 25

What type of parasite is pneumonyssoides?

Answer 25

Small mite

Question 26

Where is pumocyssoides geographically found?

Answer 26

Worldwide

Question 27

What clinical signs to pneumonyssoides cause?

Answer 27

Nonspecific

Rhinitis and nasal irritation —> sneezing, reverse sneezing, seromucoid nasal discharge, and hyposmia

Question 28

Pneumonyssoides are detected by direct visualization, but are sometimes missed if they are located in the frontal sinus or caudal choanae. How should you treat this?

Answer 28

Selamectin
Milbemycin oxaine

Or ivermectin

Question 29

Most bronchopulminary parasitic infections are caused by what type of parasites??

Answer 29

Metastrongyloid nematodes

Dog—> oslerus osleri, Fliaroides, crenosma

Cat —>Aleuostrongylus (cat)