CIRD And FURI And Resp Parasites Flashcards
Canine infectious respiratory disease is AKA?
Kennel cough
Infectious tracheobronchitis
Canine infectious respiratory disease is caused by various combinations of respiratory viruses and bacteria. What are they?
Canine parainfluenza Canine adenovirus 2 Canine herpesvirus 1 Canine distemper Canine coronavirus Canine influenza Canine pneumonitis
Bordetella brochiseptica (commonly a secondary pathogen)
Mycoplasma cynos
Strep equi subspecies zooepidemicus
How is CIRD transmitted?
Oronasal exposure through direct contact with respiratory secretions and/or inhalation of aerosolized respiratory droplets (sneezing or coughing)
CHV-1 is also transmitted in genital secretions and transplacentally
What dogs are at highest risk for contracting CIRD?
Those with exposure to large amounts of dogs…
Shelter Boarding/grooming facility Daycare/dog park Dog show Breeding facility Veterinary clinic
What is the incubation period and shedding time for CIRD?
Incubation 3-10days
Shedding in respiratory sections for 10days
T/F: bordetella produces toxins that facilitate colonization and infection
True
T/F: most infections of CIRD are mild, uncomplicated and confined to nasal cavities, sinuses, trachea, and bronchi
True
Except with canine influenza virus and strep equi —> more likely to cause severe bronchitis/bronchopneumonia
What is the most common clinical sign with CIRD?
Cough
(Often the only sign)
—amount/frequency of cough can be excessive
- often paroxysmal and have terminal retch or gag
- often non productive
T/F: on PE if you have fever, mucopurulent, nasal/ocular discharge, and abnormal lung sounds, this case is probably an uncomplicated CRID
False
Suspect complicated CIRD/pneumonia
What do you do if history and PE are consistent with uncomplicated CIRD?
Does not require additional testing
Treatment:
- > cough suppressant (eg hydrocodone) unless cough is productive
- > isolation from other dogs, rest, minimize stress
- > antibiotic if bacterial component is suspected (bordetella/mycoplasma — doxycyline is good first choice)
What do you do if your history and PE is consistent with complicated CIRD?
Thoracic radiographs
MDB
Fecal and HW testing
PCR panel
Complicated CIRD / pneumonia —> antibiotic therapy
Isolation as long as they are contagious
Shedding of bordetella may occur for _______ weeks after coughing has resolved, so dogs with suspected CIRD should be kept away from other animals during this period
3-4
T/F: feline upper respiratory tract infection is more often bacterial rather than viral
False
Viral >bacterial
What are the two main causes of FURI?
Feline herpesvirus 1 (feline rhinotracheitis)
Feline calicivirus
What are bacterial causes of FURI?
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Chlamydia felis
Mycoplasma felis
When does shedding of FeHV-1 increase?
When cats are stressed
Once infected with FeHV-1 cats will develop chronic latent infection (lifelong carriers) -> any stressor can reactivity infection and clinical signs can emerge
How is FHV1 and FCV transmitted?
Primarily by direct contact between cats
-resp secretions/discharge
FCV may also be shed in urine and feces
What are common clinical signs of a cat with FURI?
Ocular/nasal discharge Sneezing Ptylism Sometimes coughing Decreased appetite
T/F: feline calicivirus causes a ulcerative stromal keratitis
False
Feline herpesvirus causes an ulcerative stromal keratitis
How do you treat FURI?
Supportive: humidification, fluid therapy, appetite stimulant
Antibiotic therapy to target bordetella/chlamydia/mycoplasma
Lysine -> interfere with FHV (reduce shedding)
What type of parasite is Mammomonogamus?
Small nematode
Where is mammomonogamus geographically found?
Puerto Rico
St Kitts and other small islands of Caribbean
What does mammomonogamus cause?
Attaches to the mucosal lining of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx —> mild chronic inflammation
Usually causes mild clinical signs
How can mammomonogamus be diagnosed and treated?
Fecal float —> large embronyated eggs
Fenbendazole
What type of parasite is pneumonyssoides?
Small mite
Where is pumocyssoides geographically found?
Worldwide
What clinical signs to pneumonyssoides cause?
Nonspecific
Rhinitis and nasal irritation —> sneezing, reverse sneezing, seromucoid nasal discharge, and hyposmia
Pneumonyssoides are detected by direct visualization, but are sometimes missed if they are located in the frontal sinus or caudal choanae. How should you treat this?
Selamectin
Milbemycin oxaine
Or ivermectin
Most bronchopulminary parasitic infections are caused by what type of parasites??
Metastrongyloid nematodes
Dog—> oslerus osleri, Fliaroides, crenosma
Cat —>Aleuostrongylus (cat)
