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neuro-peds Flashcards

1
Q

disorder of the LMN and motor nuclei of brainstem with progressive weakness and atrophy, symmetrical effects,

A

spinal muscular atrophy

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2
Q

most common form of SMA

A 
intermediate 
onset of 7-18 mo of age 
never stands 
death <2 years
px dependent on respiratory function 
symmetrical weakness of LE, tongue, hand tremors, decreased DTR, facial mm spared, hypotonia, joint laxity
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3
Q

All facial and IQ function remains intact with SMA

A

TRUE

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4
Q

spina bifida occulta

A

midline defect in vertebral bodies w/o protrusion of SC,

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5
Q

meningocele

A

the meninges protrude through defect in posterior vertebral deficit SC is normal

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6
Q

myelomeningocele

A

herniation of both meninges and SC through posterior vertebral bodies

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7
Q

Why does SB occur?

A

combination go hereditary and environment

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8
Q

What can decrease risk of SB?

A

folic acid intake

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9
Q

Where do majority of spina bifida injuries occur?

A

lumbar and sacral regions

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10
Q

SB: sacral lesion

A

B/B dysfunction

can ambulate

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11
Q

SB: lumbosacral lesion

A

B/B dysfunction and ankle instability

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12
Q

SB: lumbar lesion above L3

A

will require W/C for mobility outside home

can be low level ambulatory in home

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13
Q

SB: thoracolumbar

A

w/c bound

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14
Q

80% of children with myelomeningoecele will have hydrocephalus

A

TRUE

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15
Q

s/s of hydropcephalus

A

bulging fontanelle, split sutures, sunset eyes, lethargy, poor feeding, vomiting, irritability, apnea, CSF leakage

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16
Q

ventricular periotoneal shunts can cause what?

A

infection!

HA, vomting, seizures

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17
Q

chiarii malformation

A

cerebellum is pushed down into spinal canal

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18
Q

which allergy is common in SB?

A

latex allergy

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19
Q

sensation is needed for what?

A

learning

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20
Q

sensory integration involves what?

A

organization, interpretation, and adaptation of sensory info to execute motor function

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21
Q

primary systems of focus for sensory integration

A

vestibular, proprioceptive, tactile, vision

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22
Q

sensory modulation disorders

A

overresponsivity
underresponsivity
sensory seeking

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23
Q

sensory modulation des.

A

receive sensory input, but behavioral response is abnormal

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24
Q

sensory discrimination disorder description

A

sensation is difficult to interpret, hypotonic patients, dyspraxia, poor feedforward reactions (auditory, vestibular, tactile)

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25
Q

sensory based motor disorder-postural disorder

A

sensory deficits impact postural control, slumped postures

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26
Q

sensory based motor disorder-dyspraxia

A

motor coordination issues due to conception, sequencing, and execution problems. Fine motor greatly affected. gross motor skills may or may not be impaired

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27
Q

treatment for sensory integration disorders

A

VESTBULAR activities first!!!

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28
Q

Duchenne MD

A

only occurs in boys, usually identified by age 3, death by late teens due to cardiac/pulmonary effects,

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29
Q

cause of Duchenne MD

A

absencd of protein dystrophin (present in skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle)

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30
Q

DMS s/s

A 
pelvic girdle weakness 
GOWER sign 
toe walking
contractures 
respiratory effects 
cardiac effect
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31
Q

How often are you eligible for a WC?

A

3 years as child, 5 years as adult

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32
Q

indications for WC

A

non-functional, non-ambulatory, undafe amb. weakness

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33
Q

indications for seating system

A

prevent pressure ulcers, decrease pain accommodate ortho deformity, issues with comfort, poor sitting stability

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34
Q

DO NOT “stretch” the individual into new position for seating system

A

TRUE, need to maintain current ROM

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35
Q

standard WC flexibility requires what

A

90 hip flexion
70 knee flexion
neutral DF/PF

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36
Q

fixed deformity vs flexed deformity

A

fixed: designed to support the deformity
flexed: system applies to correct the deformity

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37
Q

pelvic obliquity is named for what

A

named for the LOWER SIDE

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38
Q

pelvic rotation is named for what

A

named for the forward side

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39
Q

rib hump is on the convex side!!! or to the ide of the curvature (R curve, R rib hump)

A

TRUE

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40
Q

When should you check for a rib hump?

A

before puberty growth spurt
girls 9-11
boys 12-14

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41
Q

bracing should be done in people with more than how many degrees of curvature?

A

24 degrees

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42
Q

signs of CP

A

abnormal tone, primitive reflexes that don’t integrate, postural reactions that don’t develop including head control, equilibrium, postural reactions don’t develop, postural tone that is one sided

43
Q

CP can be acquired in utero, birth, or post-natal.

A

True, most common in utero

44
Q

types of CP and which one is most common

A

spastic form is most common, involving the motor cortex
dyskinetic involving the basal ganglia (choreic/athetoid)
ataxic involving the cerebellum
hypotonic as well (flaccid)

45
Q

gross motor functional classification scale

level 1

A

independent with ambulation, walks without restrictions

46
Q

GMFCS

level 2

A

walks without assistive device but has limitations outdoors in the community

47
Q

GMFCS

level 3

A

walks with assistive device, WC for longer distances

48
Q

GMFCS

level 4

A

self mobility with limitations, uses manual or power WC, may walk short distances

49
Q

GMFCS

level 5

A

mobility severely limited, dependent mobility, use of manual power WC

50
Q

FAS

A

most common cause of mental dysfunction in the western world

51
Q

diagnosis of FAS

A

ALL 3 facial abnormalities: smooth philtrum, thin vermillion, small palpebral fissures AND growth deficits and CNS/neurobehaviorsl d/o

52
Q

primary goal of PT in public education

A

to enable children with disabilities to benefit from educational instruction in the least restrictive environment

53
Q

when should PT be discontinued in the school setting?

A

when goals have been met, no longer requires expertise of PT, no more potential for improvement, when other goals have been met

54
Q

APGAR

A

neonate screen right after birth to check for any problems

0-3 low

55
Q

Denver 2

A

screen for developmental delays

0-6 y/o

56
Q

alberta infant motor function scale

A

12-18 mo. tests gross motor in supine, prone, sitting, and standing

57
Q

Peabody

A

motor function assessment for 0-5 y/o in well and disabled children

58
Q

BOT 2

A 
motor function (challenging game like tests) 
4-21 y/o
59
Q

bayley 2

A

comprehensive test for typical and special needs children 1-42 months

60
Q

failure to thrive

A

not a diagnosis but a problem
“insufficient usable nutrition”
Dx: decrease in weight, increase in height, weight is less than 2% for their age

61
Q

nasal flaring, tachypnea, grunting at birth indicative of

A

respiratory distress syndrome
common in preterm babies
lack surfactant

62
Q

newborn presenting with bradycardia, hypotonia, shock s/s, seizure

A

Intraventricular hemorrhage

63
Q

erb’s palsy vs klumpke’s palsy

A

erb’s lost C5-C6 placing patient into adducted and IR shoulder
klumpke’s lost C6-T1 putting patient into claw hand

64
Q

piaget’s cognitive developmental theory

stage 1

A

sensorimotor

organizaing, building, adapting schemes (0-2 y/o)

65
Q

piaget’s cognitive developmental theory

stage 2

A

preoperational

word and images explain the world (2-7)

66
Q

piaget’s cognitive developmental theory

stage 3

A

concrete operational

logical thinking, but needs to be concrete (7-11)

67
Q

piaget’s cognitive develoepmental theory

A 
formal operational 
abstract thinking (11+)
68
Q

classical conditioning

A

Pavlov’s dogs (pairing unconditioned to neutral stimulus)

69
Q

operant conditioning

A

consequences alter behavior -/+ renforcement

70
Q

sensorimotor play

A

movements seen in infants

71
Q

practice play

A

repetitive play

72
Q

symobilic play

A

make believe play (5 y/o)

73
Q

social play

A

peer interaction (preschool)

74
Q

constructive play

A

goal of creating a product

75
Q

cooperative play

A

group play

76
Q

associative play

A

playing together

77
Q

parallel play

A

side by side

78
Q

onlooker play

A

watches others play

79
Q

solitary play

A

play by self 2-3 years old

80
Q

unoccupied play

A

random

81
Q

motor development, symmetry begins after?

A

after 4 months

82
Q

high guard as what?

A

you transition into new upright skill

83
Q

early gait characteristics

A

scap retraction, wide BOS, hip flexion, knee extension, trunk extension, high guard

84
Q

children and temp

A

poor temperature regulators and thirst sensitivity

85
Q

purple crying period is whn

A

2 months

86
Q

3 months

A

POE

87
Q

4 months

A

ab/glute activation in prone, minimla to no head lag in pull to sit,

88
Q

5 months

A

pivot prone, arm crawling, plantigrade, prop sitting

89
Q

6 months

A

sitting alone, prone on hands, independent rolling, supported stance

90
Q

7months

A

pull to stand, long sitting

91
Q

8 months -9 months

A

climbing, stranger anxiety, quadruped, creeping (normal crawling

92
Q

8-10

A

side sitting named for side of trunk elongation

93
Q

11-12 months

A

stand to squat , 3-4 words

94
Q

walking

A

10-15 months

95
Q

moro

A

baby extends neck and arms flail out

96
Q

crossed extension

A

paired with flexor withdrawal

97
Q

NOB

A

turn head, body follows

98
Q

BOB

A

tuen lower body, upper body follows

99
Q

primitive positive support

A

hold baby up and they will support themselves, goes away at 2-4 months

100
Q

protective reactions
anterior
lateral
posterior

A

6 months, 7 months, 9 months

101
Q

menstrual age

A

age counted from mother’s last period

102
Q

gestational age

A

age counted form fertilization (38 weeks)

103
Q

chronological age - amount of preterm (months/weeks)=baby’s adjusted age
6 months old, but 2 months early so adjusted age would be 4 months

A

TRUE

104
Q

Developmental dysplasia of the hip

Ortolani vs. barlow maneuver

A

barlow: hip in place at rest but dislocatable with rest
ortolani: hip dislocated at rest but reducible with manipulation

COMP (16 decks)

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