Cardiopulm (lab values)

Question 1

BUN

Answer 1

blood
urea
nitrogen

10-20 (end product of protein metabolism)

• increased in kidney failure due to failure to eliminate BUN
• decreased in liver dysfunction due to lack of protein digestion

Question 2

WBC norms

Answer 2

5,000-10,000

high in bacterial infection
low in viral infection

Question 3

hematocrit

Answer 3

36-46% in F
41-51% in M

less than 25% do not tx

Question 4

Hemoglobin

Answer 4

-measure of oxygen carrying capacity

F: 12-16
M: 14-17

<8 do not tx

Question 5

platelets

Answer 5

coagulation and capillary integrity
norm: 150k-450k

<20,000 do not tx.

Question 6

PT (prothrombin time)

Answer 6

measures extrinsic clotting factors

Norms: 10-14s

Question 7

PTT (partial prothrombin time)

Answer 7

Norm: 25-26 s

> 70-100s significant problem

Question 8

INR

Answer 8

norm: 0.9-1.1

low: ; <0.9 (thick blood, quick to clot)
high: >1.1 (thin blood, slower to clot)

on DVT coag meds: 2.0-3.0

Question 9

INR

do not tx #’s

Answer 9

> 5.0 on anti-coagulants

>4.0 on normal person

Question 10

pH

Answer 10

7.35-7.45

Question 11

PaO2

Answer 11

80-100 mmHg

Question 12

PaCO2

Answer 12

35-45 mmHg

Question 13

acute respiratory failure

Answer 13

paO2 <60

PaCO2 >50

Question 14

HCO3

Answer 14

22-26 mmhg

Question 15

SpO2

Answer 15

> 90%

Question 16

metabolic acidosis

Answer 16

pH < 7.35
HCO3 <23
Causes: diabetic, lactic or uremic acidosis, prolonged diarrhea
sx: secondary hyperventilation, nausea, vomiting, cardiac and dysrhythmias and coma

Question 17

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 17

pH >7.45
HCO3 >27
Sx: weakness, lethargy, early tetany

Question 18

respiratory acidosis

Answer 18

pH <7.35 
CO2 > 45 
Sx: hypoventilation COPD patients, 
early: anxiety, dyspnea, HA
late: confusion, drowsiness, coma

Question 19

respiratory alkalosis

Answer 19

pH >7.45
CO2 <35
sx: hyperventilation, dizziness, syncope, tingling, confusion,

Question 20

Total cholesterol

Answer 20

<200 mg/dL

Question 21

triglycerides

Answer 21

<140

Question 22

HDL

Answer 22

M >33

F>43

Question 23

LDL

Answer 23

<100

Question 24

fasting glucose

Answer 24

70-100

Question 25

albumin (protein)

Answer 25

> 2.5 g (3.5-5.0)

low means harder to heal

Question 26

HbA1C

Answer 26

4-6%

>6.5% indicate diabetes and poor blood sugar control

Question 27

stop exercise if dyspnea scale over what

Answer 27

> 3

>2 at rest is not good

Question 28

stop exercise if angina scale over what

Answer 28

> 2

>1 at rest is not good

Question 29

hypocalcemia

Answer 29

calcium levels are now closer to threshold causing NM hyperexcitability–>at risk for tetany

decreased heart actions due to decrease in calcium

Question 30

hypercalcemia

Answer 30

Now the threshold is farther away causing hypoexcitability –> lethargy

In the heart it increased the actions since there is much more calcium

Question 31

hypokalemia, hypomagnesium, hypermagnesium

Answer 31

cause arrhythmias (alternated electrolyte balance)

Question 32

van gelderin aka bicycle test

Answer 32

differentiates between vascular and neurogenic claudication
–cycling and if pain comes on at the same time in the flexed or extended spine it means it is arterial. If pain comes on in the extended spine first then it is neurogenic.