Cardiopulm (lab values) Flashcards
BUN
blood
urea
nitrogen
10-20 (end product of protein metabolism)
- increased in kidney failure due to failure to eliminate BUN
- decreased in liver dysfunction due to lack of protein digestion
WBC norms
5,000-10,000
high in bacterial infection
low in viral infection
hematocrit
36-46% in F
41-51% in M
less than 25% do not tx
Hemoglobin
-measure of oxygen carrying capacity
F: 12-16
M: 14-17
<8 do not tx
platelets
coagulation and capillary integrity
norm: 150k-450k
<20,000 do not tx.
PT (prothrombin time)
measures extrinsic clotting factors
Norms: 10-14s
PTT (partial prothrombin time)
Norm: 25-26 s
> 70-100s significant problem
INR
norm: 0.9-1.1
low: ; <0.9 (thick blood, quick to clot)
high: >1.1 (thin blood, slower to clot)
on DVT coag meds: 2.0-3.0
INR
do not tx #’s
> 5.0 on anti-coagulants
>4.0 on normal person
pH
7.35-7.45
PaO2
80-100 mmHg
PaCO2
35-45 mmHg
acute respiratory failure
paO2 <60
PaCO2 >50
HCO3
22-26 mmhg
SpO2
> 90%
metabolic acidosis
pH < 7.35
HCO3 <23
Causes: diabetic, lactic or uremic acidosis, prolonged diarrhea
sx: secondary hyperventilation, nausea, vomiting, cardiac and dysrhythmias and coma
metabolic alkalosis
pH >7.45
HCO3 >27
Sx: weakness, lethargy, early tetany
respiratory acidosis
pH <7.35 CO2 > 45 Sx: hypoventilation COPD patients, early: anxiety, dyspnea, HA late: confusion, drowsiness, coma
respiratory alkalosis
pH >7.45
CO2 <35
sx: hyperventilation, dizziness, syncope, tingling, confusion,
Total cholesterol
<200 mg/dL
triglycerides
<140
HDL
M >33
F>43
LDL
<100
fasting glucose
70-100
albumin (protein)
> 2.5 g (3.5-5.0)
low means harder to heal
HbA1C
4-6%
>6.5% indicate diabetes and poor blood sugar control
stop exercise if dyspnea scale over what
> 3
>2 at rest is not good
stop exercise if angina scale over what
> 2
>1 at rest is not good
hypocalcemia
calcium levels are now closer to threshold causing NM hyperexcitability–>at risk for tetany
decreased heart actions due to decrease in calcium
hypercalcemia
Now the threshold is farther away causing hypoexcitability –> lethargy
In the heart it increased the actions since there is much more calcium
hypokalemia, hypomagnesium, hypermagnesium
cause arrhythmias (alternated electrolyte balance)
van gelderin aka bicycle test
differentiates between vascular and neurogenic claudication
–cycling and if pain comes on at the same time in the flexed or extended spine it means it is arterial. If pain comes on in the extended spine first then it is neurogenic.
