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COMP > modalities > Flashcards

modalities Flashcards

1
Q

lower pulse duration for electrical stim is more what for the patient?

A

comfortable

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2
Q

traction used for what patients?

A

nerve root impingement, disc herniation, muscle spasm, guarding, joint hypomobility, spinal ligament and other connective tissue contractures

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3
Q

contraindications for traction

A

acute inflammation, bone disease, fx, increased ain with traction or radicular sxs with traction, osteoporosis, lumbar traction for px,

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4
Q

static traction

A

patient’s symptoms are slightly exaggerated with mvmt.

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5
Q

intermittent traction

A

patient can’t tolerate static or want some joint mobility

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6
Q

lumbar traction

parameters

A

25% of patient’s BW: to stretch soft tissue and tx muscle spasm or disk protrusion
50% for actual separation of the vertebrae

time: 5-30 minutes. disk-related 10-30 minutes
can be static or intermittent

ex: intermittent: 20 minutes (1:2) on and off times 10s:20s

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7
Q

cervical traction

parameters

A

supine position is most effective but can also be in sitting position
-start with 8-10 lbs. mac is 22-25 lbs. (7-11% of BW)

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8
Q

Always complete your manual therapy before traction

A

TRUE

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9
Q

flexion traction biases what structures

A

posteriorly

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10
Q

extension traction biases what structures

A

anteriorly

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11
Q

traction

static and intermittent …always start with?

A

Always start with intermittent and then work your way up to static based on patient comfort

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12
Q

contraindications to massage

A

acute injury, arteriosclerosis, cancer, cellulitis, emobolus, infection, thrombus

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13
Q

tapotement

A

tapping, hacking, cupping, slacking

goal is to enhance circulation and stimulate peripheral nerve endings

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14
Q

friction

A

deep massage technique that penetrates into the depth of the muscle and attempts to loosen adhesions, reduce edema, relieve muscle spasm

ex: patellar tendon

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15
Q

petrissage

A

performed distal to proximal, aka kneading, loosens up adhesions, improve lymphatic return, facilitate removal of metabolic waste from the tx area

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16
Q

effleurage

A

light stroke that produces a reflexive response, performed at the beginning and at the end of massage, direct strokes to the heart,

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17
Q

indication to CPM

A

improve ROM that may be impaired secondary to surgical procedure. commonly used in the knee

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18
Q

contraindications to electrotherapy

A 
cardiac arrhythmia
cardiac pacemaker
malignancy 
osteomyelitis 
over a pregnant uterus 
over carotid sinus 
patient with bladder stimulator 
phlebitis (vein inflammation) 
seizure disorders
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19
Q

direct current

A

constant flow of electrons from the positive electrode (anode) to the negative electrode (cathode)
most commonly used with iontophoresis

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20
Q

alternating current

A

polarity that continuously changes from positive to negative with the change in direction of current flow

alternating current is biphasic, symmetrical or asymmetrical and is categorized by the waveform sinusoidal in shape

ex: used as a burst or time-modulated

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21
Q

pulsatile current

A

non-continuous flow of direct or alternating current

either monophasic or biphasic

22
Q

proper cleaning of the skin and electrode application will facilitate conductance limit impedance

A

TRUE, with soap and water

23
Q

small electrodes

A

increase current density
increase impedance
decrease current flow

24
Q

large electrodes

A

decrease current density
decrease impedance
increase current flow

25
Q

best frequency for mm contraction

A

40-60 pps

need more frequency for tetany

26
Q

direct current

A

iontophoresis, denervated nn, wound care

27
Q

alternating current

A

pain control, mm contraction

28
Q

pulsed current

A

pain control, mm contraction, wound care

29
Q 
NMES: muscle strengthening protocol 
current 
target tissue 
frequency 
pulse duration (large vs. small) 
on:off time 
intensity
A

alternating current
alpha motor neurons
35-80 hertz of frequency
300-400 (large) 150 (small)
1: 5 (min. of 6 seconds on) ex: 10 seconds ON, 50 seconds off
10-12 max isometric contractions or until fatigue

30
Q 
NMES: muscle re-ed/ROM /functional e-stim
current 
target tissue 
frequency 
pulse duration (large vs. small) 
on:off time 
intensity
A 
alternating current 
alpha motor neurons 
35-80 hertz of frequency 
300-400 (large) 150 (small) 
1:3 (on/off time) 
tetany, until pt. can contract/quiver, can make it functional by asking them to do a task
31
Q 
NMES: spasticity reduction 
current 
target tissue 
frequency 
pulse duration (large vs. small) 
on:off time 
intensity
A 
alternating current 
alpha motor 
35-80 Hz 
300-400 (large) 150 (small) 
1:1 (On/Off) 
max isometric contraction, 
until muscle fatigue, quiver
32
Q

EMG biofeedback used for?

A 
mm reeducation 
regaining NM control 
isometric/isotonic control 
relaxation of mm spasm/tightness
psychological relaxation (HAs and placed on tense mms)
33
Q

EMG biofeedback

how does it work

A

uses electronic or electromechanical instruments to accurately measure, process, and give feedback via auditor or visual signals.
-need 2 active electrodes and 1 reference electrode

34
Q

e-stim for pain control contraindications

A

pacemakers, pregnancy, if painful

35
Q 
pain control: Conventional TENS (sensory level) 
current 
target 
frequency 
pulse duration 
on: off time 
intensity 
tx duration 
theory?
A 
alternating current  (interferential) or pulsed current (TENS)
alpha beta 
80-150 hertz 
20-50 us 
continuous 
pleasant tingling feeling 
20 minutes 
gate control, effects last up to 30 minutes, wear off in 12 hours
36
Q 
pain control: inhibition of muscle spasm motor level 
current 
target 
frequency 
pulse duration 
on:off time 
intensity 
tx duration 
theory?
A 
AC or pulsed 
alpha motor 
2-10Hz 
300-400 (large) 150 (small) 
continuous 
muscle twitch (not tetany) 
20-30 minutes 
endogenous opioids
37
Q

When do you need a median frequency generator?

A

When using interferential current or using Russian for strengthening

38
Q 
pain control: noxious stim 
current 
target 
frequency 
pulse duration 
on:off time 
intensity 
tx duration 
theory?
A

direct current
c-fiber
polarity is present (not desired)
NA for frequency
I millisecond to 1 second for pulse duration
first pleasant tingling, muscle twitch, sharp pain to dull pain
electrodes are placed on trigger points and painful points
tx duration: as short as possible
endogenous opioids, effects last for 6 hours, done before wound debridement to decrease sensitivity

39
Q 
edema control: 
current 
target 
frequency 
pulse duration 
on:off time 
polarity 
intensity 
tx duration 
theory?
A 
HVPC 
alpha beta, smooth muscle 
80-150 Hz 
continuous 
negative polarity (repels negative serum proteins to prevent them from breaking leaking from blood vessels)
pleasant tingling for intensity 
20-30 minutes 
effects smooth muscle, ANS 
lasts for 4-5 hours
40
Q

iontophoresis is used for?

A 
acute inflammation to a small superficial tendon or for scar tissue break down 
pain 
calcium deposits 
fungal infection 
hyperhidrosis
inflammation 
ischemia 
keloids
muscle spasm 
myositis ossificans 
plantar warts 
scar tissue 
wounds
41
Q

dexamethasone phosphate

A

(-, used for inflammation)

42
Q

lidocaine

A

(-) used for scar, adhesive capsulitis

43
Q

acetic acid

A

(-) used for calcific deposits,

44
Q

salicylates

A

(-) used for muscle and joint pain, plantar warts

45
Q

hydrocortisone

A

(+) inflammation

46
Q

iodine

A

(-) scar

47
Q

dosage for ionotphoresis

A

amplitude x time=40-80 mA/min

48
Q

amplitude for ionotphoresis

A

0.1-4.0 mA/min

49
Q

if the drugs is (-) use cathode

if the drug is (+) use anode

A

TRUE

50
Q

iontophoresis contraindications

A 
drug allergies 
skin sensitivity 
open wound 
cardiac pacemkaers 
electrical implants 
use of ice or heat 
diabetes

COMP (16 decks)

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