Neuro Part 1 Flashcards
Benzodiazepine
“pam”
Enhances GABA causing sedation
Tx: seizures, anxiety, withdrawal
S/S: respiratory depression and LOC
TAPER
Don’t combine with other CNS depressants
Antidote: flumazenil
Zolpidem (Ambien)
S/S: sedation, confusion, anterograde amnesia
Tx: insomnia
Baclofen
Centrally acting
GABA increased and muscle spasticity decreased in smooth muscle
S/S: slowed GI (nausea and constipation)
TAPER
Dantrolene
Peripherally acting muscle relaxant
“Dan the dancing yellow man who doesn’t like hot milk”
S/S: hepatotoxicity, muscle weakness, osmotic diarrhea
Tx: malignant hyperthermia
Phenytoin
Therapeutic range: 10-20
Watch for steven-johnson rash
Use an additional barrier to contraception
Regular oral care is needed
S/S: SJS, gingival hyperplasia
Carbamazepine
S/S: bone marrow suppression
Tx: seizures, photosensitivity
Montor CBCs
Valproic Acid
Tx: seizure
Females in the childbearing age should supplement with folic acid
Lidocaine
EMLA cream needs to be administered 1 hr before the procedure – ex: before IV insertion for peds.
S/S: hypotension, dysrhythmias <– only systemically
Barbiturates
“tal” ending
Make sure to use large vein, highly vesicant
S/S: respiratory depression, sedation, LOC
Fentanyl
Antidote: Narcan
Watch respiratory depression and LOC
S/S: constipation <– make sure to increase water and fiber
Succinylcholine
S/S: genetic malignant hyperthermia (muscle rigidity, fever, tachycardia) <– treated with dantrolene
Used in adjunct to surgery, intubation
Action: blocks acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions = skeletal muscle paralysis
Amphetamine, methylphenidate
Tx: ADHD, narcolepsy
S/S: tachycardia, restlessness
Monitor tachycardia if CO is impaired
Avoid other stimulates (caffiene)
Suppresses appetite, take after a large breakfast
Take drug holidays
Levodopa/carbidopa
S/S: hallucinations, dysrhythmias, tics/dyskinesia
Don’t take with large amounts of protein
Benztropine
S/S: anticholinergic
Donepezil
S/S: bradycardia, insomnia, syncope
Helps with the symptoms of alzheimer’s
