Endocrine Flashcards
Diabetes, hyperglycemics, thyroid abnormalities, Hypothalamic abnormalities, adrenal abnormalities
Glipizide, repglinide (Pancreatic Oral Hypoglycemic)
Stimulates secretion of insulin of pancreas
Take 30 min before meals
Watch for hypoglycemia
Repaglinide acts faster (4 doses max)
When should a nurse obtain BS?
if a pt is presenting with s/s of hypoglycemia
Metformin (Liver Oral Hypoglycemic)
Increases intake of glucose into cells
Don’t take within 48 hrs before and after CT scan
S/S: GI upset
Decreased risk for hypoglycemia
Acarbose (alpha glucosidase inhibitor)
Inhibits the breakdown of glucose
Take it immediately before meals
Don’t have a functional pancreas or liver
Combine with other hypoglycemics
Insulin Lispro
Onset 15-30
Peak 1-3
Can use a insulin pump
Insulin Regular
Can be given IV
Onset 30min-1hr
Peak 1-5hr
NPH (Humulin N)
Cloudy appearance
Onset 1-2hr
Peak 4-14hr
Insulin Glargine
Onset: 1-4hr
No peak
Don’t combine with other insulins
When should insulin be increased?
When cells have higher demand for glucose (stress, exercise, illness)
T/F: Insulin can be given for hyperkalemia
T
Things to know for Insulin use
Verify with another RN
Given SQ injection
Monitor for hypoglycemia at peaks
May need to increase insulin dosages
Watch for hypokalemia (weakness, u-waves)
Glucagon
Injectable
S/S: GI distress
Given to unconscious pt, make sure to turn on the side
IV dextrose
Tx: DKA
If IV is available give this over glucagon
Slow injection
Levothyroxine (Thyroid replacement)
Tx: hypothyroidism
Take in the morning 1 hr before food
Taper –> may lead to myxedema coma (organ failure and death)
Decreases TSH and increases T4 and T3
propylthiouracil, iodine-131
Tx: hyperthyroidism
Iodine = radioactive = destroys thyroid
May have to self isolate
CI in pregnancy
