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pharmacology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins

A

Tx: UTI, ENT infections
S/S: GI upset
Monitor for allergies (at least 30 min)
Rash/hives = antihistamines
Anaphylaxis = epinephrine
Effects of oral contraceptives reduced

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2
Q

Cephalexin

A

Tx: UTI and meningitis
DONT GIVE IF ALLERGIC TO PENICILLINS
IM injections can burn; give with lidocaine to dilute
IV = dilute +give over 30 min (watch for thrombophlebitis)
Disulfiram-like rxn w/ alcohol
Monitor PT and INR for bleeding time
Don’t give with LR, only NS

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3
Q

aztreonam

A

Tx: UTI
DON’T GIVE IF ALLERGIC TO PENICILLINS
Monitor for thrombophlebitis (IV) and site irritation (IM), watch for respiratory dysfunction for inhalation route
GIVE SLOWLY AND DILUTE IT

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4
Q

Imipenem

A

Tx: serious infections
DON’T GIVE IF ALLERGIC TO PENICILLINS
IV site issues may require injection of neutralizing agent if extravasation occurs
Risk of superinfections
Monitor liver and kidney fxn

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5
Q

Vancomycin

A

Tx: MRSA and C. Diff
Give if allergic to penicillins
Monitor for red-man syndrome, nephrotoxic, ototoxicity
Obtain peak and trough lvls to determine therapeutic lvls in serum
Dilute and give over at least an hour; always on a pump

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6
Q

What actions should a nurse take for a patient experiences Red-man syndrome?

A

Slow rate of injection, may need to stop injection
Dilute
Give >1 hr

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7
Q

Tetracycline

A

Tx: acne vulgaris, mycoplasma infections, rickettsial infections
Discolors baby teeth of fetus and permanent teeth of children
S/S: superinfections, photosensitivity

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8
Q

Erythromycin

A

Prophylactic protection from eye infections in neonates
Don’t give with ototoxic drugs
Cardiac dysrhythmias may occur if given with antidysrhythmics
Interacts with warfarin, digoxin, theophylline

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9
Q

gentamicin

A

Tx: ENT infections
Monitor trough lvls – may indicate ototoxicity
Potential for nephrotoxicity (monitor BUN 10-20 and Creatinine lvls)
Teratogenic –> deafness

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10
Q

ciprofloxacin “floxacin”

A

S/S decreased with adequate intake of water
Don’t give to adolescents unless for E. coli or anthrax
S/S: achilles tendon rupture, seizures/increased ICP, hepatotoxic
SEVERLY INCOMPATIBLE: GIVE SLOWLY, DILUTE, SEPARATE SITES, CHANGE TUBING

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11
Q

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole “sulfa”

A

Check allergies
Tx: UTI
S/S: stevens-johnson’s syndrome - treat like a burn
Kernicterus in the fetus = bilirubin build-up that crosses BBB and causes permanent brain damage
Disulfiram-like rxn w/ alcohol

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12
Q

nitrofurantoin

A

Tx: UTI
“Nitrates in urine needs nitro”
S/S: Tooth-staining with oral (dilute + rinse mouth after admin)
CI: hx of gallbladder, liver, or kidney disease/dysfunction

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13
Q

phenazopyridine

A

NOT AN ABX - doesn’t prevent infection
Tx: relieves pain and discomfort of UTI
S/S: orange discoloration, GI upset

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14
Q

Isoniazid

A

Tx: TB (takes about 6-9 months for latent)
Not a cure for latent but prevents activation of TB
S/S: kidney and liver failure (monitor LFTs, avoid alcohol)
Don’t give with disulfiram = psychosis, ataxia because of toxicity
Warm to room temp

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15
Q

Rifampin

A

Tx: TB, prevents resistance when given with other TB drugs
S/S: discoloration of urine/tears/sweat/saliva, GI upset
Can also color contacts

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16
Q

Metronidazole

A

Tx: anaerobic bacterial infections (prophylactic colorectal, abdominal, and vaginal surgeries) AND protozoal infections
S/S: vertigo, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, darkening of urine, metallic taster
If given with disulfiram = psychotic rxn
Disulfiram-like rxn with alcohol can be more severe than other antimicrobials

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17
Q

Chloroquine

A

Tx: malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, Lupis
S/S: vision problems – get frequent eye exams
Take 500mg 1-2 weeks before travel and 4 weeks after travel.

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18
Q

amphotericin B

A

Tx: severe, systemic, and fatal fungal infections (candidiasis)
S/S: Renal toxicity (monitor BUN, creatinine, and K)
If taken PO, swish and swallow to allow for dissemination across mucous membranes and slight systemic absorption

19
Q

Ketoconazole

A

Tx: systemic fungal infections (in dandruff shampoos)
S/S: liver toxicity
Requires acid medium for absorption (ex: cola, don’t take antacids)
CI for fungal infections of the nails - onychomycosis

20
Q

acyclovir

A

Tx: virus
Infuse slowly and monitor (hydrate the patient before and after therapy)
Should be taken within 48 hrs of onset to be effective
S/S: IV - CNS toxicity, rxn at site within 1 hr, renal toxicity; PO - vertigo
Topical instructions: wear gloves, prevent scratching, avoid spreading to eyes or other sites, hand hygiene

21
Q

Cyclophosphamide (nitrogen mustard)

A

Tx: leukemia, lymphomas, tumors in head/ovarian/breast, lung cancer
S/S: ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES (cardiac dysrhythmias and muscle weakness), N/V, alopecia, Neutropenia, kidney toxicity –> hemorrhagic cystitis (give mesna)
Cycle: antiemetic –> cyclo –> mesna

22
Q

cisplatin

A

Tx: metastatic testicular and ovarian cancer
Off-Label: cancer of the head and neck, bladder and uterine lining
S/S: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, n/v
IV only

23
Q

doxorubicin

A

1st line for breast cancer treatment
FREQUENTLY ADDED TO RADIATION THERAPY AND OTHER CANCER TREATMENTS
S/S: red urine/tears, superinfections, cardiac arrest (watch for pink frothy sputum), hepatoxicity (monitor LFT)

24
Q

Vincristine

A

Most common drug for pediatric chemo
s/s: peripheral neuropathy, constipation and impaction common in pediatric patients
IV ONLY, MAY BE FATAL IF GIVEN ANY OTHER ROUTE

25
Q

Leuprolide

A

Tx: prostate cancer, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids
S/S: infertility, menopause-like, osteoporosis
Client instruction: weight-bearing exercise

26
Q

Tamoxifen, raloxifene

A

Tx: breast cancer, prevention of reoccurrence
S/S: abnormal bleeding in uterine/endometrial, menopause-like symptoms

27
Q

Flutamide

A

Tx: early prostate cancer (only for males!!)
S/S: feminizing effects, hepatotoxicity (monitor LFT to baseline, monitor indication of liver failure)

28
Q

Anastrozole

A

Tx: estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer ONLY IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
S/S: osteoporosis, muscle weakness
May predose with acetaminophen

29
Q

Trastuzumab

A

Tx: HER2 breast cancer
S/S: allergic reaction because of cytokine release syndrome (flu-likee s/s, rash, dyspnea), HF (dysrhythmias)
Administration: Weekly IV only, don’t give with doxorubicin

30
Q

Interferon alfa 2a and 2b

A

2A treats HBV and HCV
2B only for HBV
Dosage units: million
S/S: flu-like symptoms, bone marrow suppression

31
Q

Enfuvirtide

A

Tx: HIV to AIDS
S/S: injection site reaction is common, pneumonia
Administration: SQ BID

32
Q

zidovudine

A

1st HIV drug developed
s/s: bone marrow suppression
Follow administration requirements 90% of the time at least
MAKE SURE TO DO HYGIENE
If pregnant: PO 5x a day 14 weeks from gestation until delivery, IV during delivery until cord clamped

33
Q

What is the protocol for administering a vaccine for a patient with steroid usage?

A

stop the steroid then give vaccine

34
Q

What does “cancer” encompass?

A

cellular transformation
Uncontrolled cellular growth
Invades surrounding tissue
Metastasis to other tissues/organs
No growth control mechanisms

35
Q

T/F: no antineoplastic drug is effective against all types of cancer

A

true

36
Q

What are the 3 types of rapidly dividing human cells

A

hair follicles
GI tract cells
bone marrow cells

37
Q

What is carcinoma?

A

epithelial tissue: skin and mucous membranes that line the lungs and GI tract

38
Q

What is a sarcoma?

A

connective tissue, muscle, bone, cartilage

39
Q

What is leukemia?

A

blood-forming tissue: bone marrow

40
Q

What is lymphoma?

A

immune system

41
Q

What is “oma”

A

tumor

42
Q

What is “emia”?

A

blood

43
Q

What can become resistant to drugs due to viral mutation?

A

HIV

pharmacology (11 decks)

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