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Neuro III > Neuro-Oncology > Flashcards

Neuro-Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a brain tumor

A

An abnormal growth of tissue that results from excessive cell division

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2
Q

mass of cells that do not have the characteristic appearance of cancer

A

benign tumor

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3
Q

Brain tumor containing cancer cells

A

malignant brain tumor

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4
Q

do malignant tumors grow rapidly

A

yes

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5
Q

Do malignant tumors have clear borders

A

yes

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6
Q

malignant tumors can interfere with vital functions and be life threatening

A

yes

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7
Q

what is the median age for brain tumors

A

60 years old

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8
Q

brain tumors are the ____ most common cancer among children

A

2nd

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9
Q

WHO classification system

A

universal classification system
classifies tumor according to microscopic characteristics

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10
Q

least malignant
possibly curable via surgery
non-infiltrated
long term survival
slow growing

A

grade 1

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11
Q

relatively slow growing
somewhat infiltrative
may recur as higher grade

A

grade 2

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12
Q

malignant
infilrative
tend to recur as higher grad

A

grade 3

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13
Q

most malignant
rapid growth aggressive
widely infiltrative
rapid recurrence
necrosis prone

A

grade 4

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14
Q

astrocytes

A

cells that make up the glue-like or supportive tissue of the brain

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15
Q

grade 1
form sacs of fluid
slow growing
stay in one area
common in children

A

pilocytic astrocytoma

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16
Q

treatment for pilocytic astrocytoma

A

surgery to remove, radiation if it cannot be removed

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17
Q

grade 2
tend to invade surrounding tissue and grow at slow rate
contain microcytes or mucous like fluid
common in males>females and >45 years old

A

low grade astrocytoma

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18
Q

treatment for low grade astrocytoma

A

surgery to remove radiation if it cannot be removed

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19
Q

grade 3
tentacle like projections
found in males>female >45

A

anaplastic astrocytoma

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20
Q

treatment for anaplastic astrocytoma

A

surgery and radiation or chemo

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21
Q

grade 4
most common and deadliest malignant primary brain tumor
develops in cerebral hemispheres

A

glioblastoma multiforme

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22
Q

glioblastomas can form from low grade ______ or oligodendroglia

A

astrocytoma

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23
Q

what is the median survival rate for glioblastoma multiforme

A

8 months

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24
Q

what is treatment for glioblastoma

A

surgery standard treatment
radiation
chemo
medical device- delivers electric tumor-treating fields to brain and physically break up tumor cell membranes

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25
Q

usually grow inward causing pressure on brain
most are benign and slow growing

A

meningiomas

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26
Q

what are the 3 types of meningiomas

A
  1. benign meningioma- 88%
  2. atypical meningioma- 15-20%
  3. anaplastic meningioma- 1-4%
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27
Q

are meningiomas more common in men or women

A

women

28
Q

Treatment for meningiomas

A

surgery and radiaiton

29
Q

a metastatic or secondary brain tumor is formed by cancer cells from a _________

A

primary cancer elsewhere in the body

30
Q

Where do typical metastatic tumors originate from

A

lung
breast
melanoma
colon
kidney

31
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a brain tumor

A

increased intracranial pressure
seizure
altered mental state
focal neurological signs

32
Q

headache
nausea
vomiting
decreased level of consciousness
6th nerve palsy

A

increased intracranial pressure

33
Q

present in 1/3 of all cases
usually focal

A

seizures

34
Q

invade the spinal cord
may span several cord segments

A

intradural- intrameduallary

35
Q

derived from supporting elements: meninges, nerve sheath cause spinal cord compression

A

primary intraspinal tumors

36
Q

in metastatic tumors what if you see any oft the following signs
-spinal pain
-strength/sensory loss
-bowel/bladder function loss

A

red flags

37
Q

acts as a pro drug and needs to be transformed to its active form by the bodys metabolism

A

temodar

38
Q

inhibits human vascular endothelial growth factor
VEGF is a growth factor that leads to new blood vessel formation

A

avastin

39
Q

side effects of chemo

A

destroys all rapid growing cells
hair follicles
cells of digestive tract
blood cells needed to fight infections

40
Q

Chemotherapy durg effects

A

peripheral neuropathy
paresthesias
malaise
dizziness
myelosuppresant
muscle weakness

41
Q

delivery of high dose ionizing radiation in a single fraction to a small precisely defined volume of tissue.

A

stereotactic radiosurgery

42
Q

wearable portable FDA approved device indicated to treat a type of bran cancer called glioblastoma multiform in adults 22 years and older

A

optune device

43
Q

for tumor resection or for biopsy
mandatory in large tumors presenting with icp problems

A

craniotomy

44
Q

side effects of craniotomy

A

extended hospital stay infection
seeizure disorder
dvt pe

45
Q

minimally invasive brain surgery techniques

A

endoscopic endonasal approach

46
Q

what are the for corridors that divide the cranial base

A
  1. transcribriform
  2. transplanum
  3. transphenoidal
  4. transclival
47
Q

potential complication of brain surgery

A
  1. incomplete lesion resection
  2. neurological damage
  3. infection
  4. blood clots
  5. bleeding
  6. post op pain
  7. CSF leak
48
Q

too large
attached to blood vessels
attached to vital structures

A

incomplete lesion resection

49
Q

may be temp or permanent
-paralysis, weakness, numbness, spasticity
-visual hearing disturbances
-personality changes
-loss of sexual function
-coma hormonal imbalanes

A

neurological damage

50
Q

fever chills, abdominal pain, redness, swelling, tenderness

A

infection

51
Q

leg swelling, calf tenderness, chest pain/SOB

A

blood clots

52
Q

always a risk of surgery
tarry stool, fatigue, chest pain and sob

A

bleeding

53
Q

clear drainage from nose/ear or down throat, HA, Fever

A

CSF leak

54
Q

encourage mobilization what day post op

A

1

55
Q

EEA precautions

A

log roll
no bending
no valsalva

56
Q

educate on precautions

A

prevent increased pressure in head
no bending/lowering head below waist
no valsalva
no straws no nose blowing
no lifting no sports

57
Q

minimally invasive for removing deep brain tumors

A

neuroendoport

58
Q

what types of tumors can be removed by a neuroendoport

A

brain tumor
ventricular tumor
gliomas
cancer metastases

59
Q

what are the benefits of a neuroendoport

A

minimally invasive
fewer side effects
decreased scarring
faster recovery

60
Q

arise on CN8

A

acoustic neuroma

61
Q

RMC approach

A

incision made behind ear with acess to angle
preservation of hearing and facial nerves

62
Q

retromastoid craniotomy with microvascular decompression

A

relieves abnormal compression of cranial nerve
trigeminal neuralgia
immediate relief majority of the time

63
Q

PT after RMC

A

importance of ROM
vestibular and balance screen of deficits

64
Q

attenuate the deleterious effects of chemo and radiation
low intensity 30-45% HRR RPE 1-3 2/3 sessions per week

A

phase 1

65
Q

building a foundational base using functional and corrective training
low intensity 40-60 HRR
RPE 3-6 3 sessions per week

A

phase 2

66
Q

improve physiological and psychological values beyond baseline. improvements in cv fitness, pulmonary function, muscular strength
moderate to high intensity 60-85%
RPE 4-8
3 sessions per week

A

phase 3

67
Q

continue to improve progressions clients are apparently healthy
65-95% HRR RPE 6-10 3 or more sessions per week

A

phase 4

Neuro III (23 decks)

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