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ISCM > NEURO IMMUNOLOGY > Flashcards

NEURO IMMUNOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

What is active immunisation

A

resistance developed in response to stimulus by an antigen and the antibodies made by the host

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2
Q

what is passive immunisation

A

immunity obtained by antibodies from another host

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3
Q

which type of immunity develops memory

A

active immunity

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4
Q

which antibody is found in the breast milk and how does it provide protection

A

IgA lines the GI tract but isn’t absorbed

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5
Q

which antibody can cross the placenta and how does it provide protection

A

IgG temporary for 6 months

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6
Q

which is the first antibody and has the longest half life

A

IgM

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7
Q

why are most immunodeficiencies not noticed till after 6 months

A

IgG provides temporary immunity and protection

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8
Q

what is pooled IgG and what type of immunity is it

A

total igg pooled from donors and its passive

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9
Q

what are antitoxins and what type of immunity is it

A

antibodies which act against a toxin e.g. for tetnus and is passive

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10
Q

what is type of immunity is obtained by giving antibodies

A

passive

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11
Q

whats the advantage of passive immunity

A

immediate effect

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12
Q

what are the disadvantages of passive immunity

A

short duration

may cause allergic reaction

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13
Q

what is convalescent plasma and what type of immunity is it

A

plasma from recovering people which has the pathogen specific antibodies and is passive

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14
Q

what is a vaccination and what type of immunity is it

A

a method of giving antigens to stimulate the immune response and is artificial active immunity

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15
Q

what is an adjuvant

A

a substance which enhances the bodys immune response to an antigen

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16
Q

what happens in the secondary response after a vaccine

A

faster response
more antibodies
less IgM

17
Q

what vaccines are given in the first year of birth to kids

you have to know this

A 
6 in 1 ( DTaP/IPV/Hib/Hep B) 
meningitis B
meningitis C 
rotavirus 
pneumococcal PCV
18
Q

what vaccines are given by age 5 (you have to know this )

A

MMR

child influenza

19
Q

what vaccines need to be given by age 18

A

HPV

meningitis ACWY

20
Q

what vaccines need to be given over 65

A

influenza
pneumococcal PPV
Shingles

21
Q

what are 4 travel vaccines given

A

hep A
typhoid
cholera
yellow fever

22
Q

what are live vaccines and give an example

A

when the live antigen is given e.g. small pox

23
Q

what are live attenuated vaccines and give an example

A

the organism is alive but weak and cannot replicate much e.g. MMR

24
Q

how do we create live attenuated vaccines

A

the organism is exposed to a non human cell and it is cultured till it develops mutations making it suited for that cell and not human cells

25
Q

what is another way of clinically creating an attenuated vaccine

A

deleting or mutating a specific gene we know causes the damage making it weaker

26
Q

what is an inactivated vaccine and give an example

A

killed organisms which do not cause much of an immune response and includes an adjuvant e.g. IPV

27
Q

what is a toxoid vaccine and give an example

A

a chemically modified toxin which is no longer toxic but can still cause an immune response e.g. tetnus

28
Q

what is a protein subunit vaccine and give an example

A

contains only the antigenic parts of the pathogen which causes an immune response and require adjuvants usually need boosters e.g. pertussis (whooping cough)

29
Q

what is a polysaccharide vaccine

A

polysaccharide antigens can be given with an adjuvant and are not immunogenic in children under 2

30
Q

what is a vector protein

A

use harmless virus as a vector to deliver genetic material from the pathogen of interest that then directs the production of the protein e.g. ebola vaccine

31
Q

what is a nucleic acid vaccine

A

contains DNA or mRNA from the pathogen that directs the production of protein

32
Q

what is the process of B cell activation

A

after the recognition on an antigen by the BCR is is processed via the MCH class II.

recognition if this MCH by the TCR on an activated helper T cell allows for full B cell activation

33
Q

what ligand and receptor is connected during a B cell and T cell intercation

A

CD40 and CD40 ligand

34
Q

what is somatic hypermutation

A

process that occurs after B cell activation in which they change the antibody they produce to one with higher affinity

35
Q

how do conjugate vaccines work

A

they have carrier proteins which are recognized by the T cells which allows it to activate the B cell and thus cause the B cell to produce antibodies

ISCM (19 decks)

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