Neuro Embryology Flashcards
During what week does the neural tube fuse?
Week 4
What is Spina bifida?
Failure of the neural tube to close in the Spinal cord region
What happens in the first 3-6 weeks?
Eye formation, flexures and swellings
What happens in the 10th week of development? (3rd month?)
Cerebral Expansion and Commissures
Basic structures are established
What happens in 5th, 7th and 9th months?
5: CNS myelination begins
7: Lobed cerebrum
9: Gyri and Sulci
How do the senses range in development at birth?
Taste and Smell: Well developed
Hearing: Responsive at birth
Vision: Least well developed at birth
What are common postnatal reflexes?
1) Palmar Grasp
2) Stepping
3) Babinski (sole of foot)
What are the 3 primary vesicles?
1) Prosencephalon (forebrain)
2) Mesencephalon (Mid)
3) Rhombencephalon (hind)
What are the divisions of Prosencephalon?
1) Telencephalon (–>Cerebral Hemispheres)
2) Diencephalon (–> Thalamus & Hypo)
What is formed by mesencephalon?
1) Midbrain
2) Colliculi
What is the Rhombencephalon divided into?
1) Metencephalon (Cerebellum, Pons)
2) Myelencephalon (Medulla Oblongata)
Where are each of the ventricles formed in the embryo?
Lateral: Telencephalon (Paired)
Third: Diencephalon
Fourth: Rhombencephalon
What are the stem cells within the neural folds and what do they develop into?
Neural Crest Cells
Schwann cells, pigment cells, adrenal medulla, dorsal root ganglia, CN 5,7,9,10
Describe how the neural tube is formed?
1) Notochord in mesoderm signals ectoderm to form thickened neural plate
2) Mitosis forms a neural groove
3) Neural folds either side, which fuse at midline to form the neural tube (By end of 4th week)
What vitamins are needed to ensure fusing of neural tube?
B9(folic acid) and B12
