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Neuro Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

mechanism of ethosuximide

A

blocks thalamic T-tyle Ca 2+ channels

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2
Q

use of ethosuximide

A

first-line for absence seizures

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3
Q

notable SEs of ethosuximide

A

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

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4
Q

mechanisms of (-azepam) drugs

A

benzos - increase frequency of opening of GABA-mediated Cl channel

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5
Q

use of (-azepam) drugs

A

first-line for acute status epilepticus

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6
Q

mechanism of phenytoin

A

Na channel inactivation

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7
Q

use of phenytoin

A
  • first-line treatment of tonic-clonic
  • first-line prophylaxis for status epilepticus
  • can also be used for simple, complex
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8
Q

notable SEs of phenytoin

A
  • teratogen
  • Stevens-Johnson
  • peripheral neuropathy
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9
Q

mechanism of carbamazepine

A

Na channel inactivation

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10
Q

use of carbamazepine

A
  • first-line for simple, complex, and tonic-clonic

- trigeminal neuralgia

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11
Q

notable SEs of carbamazepine

A
  • hepatotoxicity
  • teratogen
  • SIADH
  • Stevens-Johnson
  • blood cell dyscrasias
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12
Q

mechanism of valproic acid

A
  • Na channel inactivation

- inhibits GABA transaminase - increased GABA concentration

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13
Q

use of valproic acid

A
  • first line for tonic-clonic

- can be used for simple, complex, absence

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14
Q

notable SEs of valproic acid

A
  • hepatotoxicity
  • neural tube defects
  • tremor
  • weight gain
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15
Q

mechanism of gabapentin

A

inhibits VG Ca 2+ channels

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16
Q

use of gabapentin

A
  • peripheral neuropathy

- postherpetic neuralgia

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17
Q

mechanism of phenobarbital

A

increase duration of opening of GABA-mediated Cl channels

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18
Q

mechanism of topiramate

A
  • blocks Na channels

- increases GABA action

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19
Q

notable SEs of topiramate

A

kidney stones

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20
Q

use of topiramate

A

migraine PPx

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21
Q

mechanism of lamotrigine

A

blocks VG Na channels

22
Q

notable SEs lamotrigine

23
Q

mechanism of levetiracetam

24
Q

What is the most common cause of complex partial seizures in adults?

A

mesial temporal sclerosis

25
Q

How do you treat the seizures of eclampsia?

26
Q

What drug is first line for absence seizures?

A

ethosuximide

27
Q

What drug is first line for status epilepticus?

A

IV lorazepam or diazepam

28
Q

What drug is first line for PPx of status epilepticus?

29
Q

What drugs are first line for tonic-clonic seizures?

A
  • phenytoin
  • carbamazepine
  • valproic acid
30
Q

What drug is first line for simple and complex seizures?

A

carbamazepine

31
Q

How to treat OD of benzos?

A

flumazenil

32
Q

How to treat alcoholic DT?

A

chlordiazepoxide or other benzo

33
Q

mechanism of baclofen

A

inhibits GABA receptors at spinal cord level to induce muscle relaxation

34
Q

mechanism of cyclobenzaprine

A

centrally acting muscle relaxant

35
Q

mechanism of sumatriptan

A

5-HT 1B/1D agonists to induce vasoconstriction

36
Q

use of sumatriptan

A

abortive for migraines

37
Q

SEs of sumatriptan

A

coronary vasospasm (cannot use in CAD or Prinzmetal angina)

38
Q

mechanism of memantine

A

NMDA receptor antagonist that prevents excitotoxicity

39
Q

use of memantine

A

Alzheimer dz

40
Q

mechanism of donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, tacrine

41
Q

use of donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, tacrine

A

Alzheimer dz

42
Q

mechanism of riluzole

A

NMDA antagonist that prevents excitotoxicity

43
Q

use of riluzole

A

ALS - prolongs damage to motor neurons

44
Q

mechanism of bromocriptine

A

dopamine agonist (ergot)

45
Q

mechanism of pramipexole

A

dopamine agonist (non-ergot)

46
Q

mechanism of amantadine

A
  • increases DA release

- decreases DA reuptake

47
Q

mechanism of L-DOPA

A

DA agonist that can cross the BBB

48
Q

mechanism of carbidopa

A

blocks peripheral conversion of L-DOPA to DA by inhibiting DOPA decarboxylase

49
Q

mechanism of entacapone, tolcapone

A

COMT inhibitors that prevent peripheral degradation of L-DOPA

50
Q

mechanism of selegiline

A

MAO-B inh that helps prevent peripheral degradation of L-DOPA

51
Q

mechanism of benztropine

A

antimuscarinic that improves tremor and rigidity in Parkinson

52
Q

Long-term us of L-DOPA/carbidopa will lead to _____ following administration. This is known as ______.

A

dyskinesia, on-off phenomenon

Pharmacology (22 decks)

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