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Pharmacology > Antivirals > Flashcards

Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

mechanism of oseltamivir

A

influenza neuraminidase inhibitor which presents release of viral progeny from host cell

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2
Q

need to use oseltamivir in the first _____ hrs

A

48

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3
Q

mechanism of acyclovir

A

guanosine analogue that is phosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase in infected cells –> inhibits viral DNA polymerase by chain termination

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4
Q

clinical use of acyclovir

A

HSV, VZV

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5
Q

valcyclovir

A

prodrug of acyclovir that has better oral bioavailability

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6
Q

famciclovir

A

form of acyclovir used for HZV (shingles)

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7
Q

SEs of acyclovir, valcyclovir, famciclovir

A

crystalline nephropathy and ARF if not adequately hydrated

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8
Q

mechanism of ganciclovir

A

guanosine analoque that is phosphorylated by CMV viral kinase in infected cells and inhibits viral DNA polymerase

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9
Q

clinical use of ganciclovir

A

CMV

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10
Q

valganciclovir

A

prodrug of ganciclovir with better bioavailability

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11
Q

SEs of ganciclovir, valganciclovir

A

BM suppression, nephrotoxicity

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12
Q

mechanism of foscarnet

A

pyrophosphate analogue that inhibits viral DNA/RNA polymerase as well as HIV reverse transcriptase, does not require phosphorylation for activation

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13
Q

clinical use of foscarnet

A

resistant HSV and CMV

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14
Q

SEs of foscarnet

A

nephrotoxicity –> electrolyte abnls –> seizures

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15
Q

mechanism of cidofovir

A

inhibition of viral DNA polymerase, does not require phosphorylation

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16
Q

clinical use of cidofovir

A

resistant HSV and CMV

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17
Q

SEs of cidofovir

A

nephrotoxicity (give with IV saline and probenecid)

18
Q

mechanism of maraviroc

A

binds CCR5 on monocyte surface preventing interaction with viral gp120 –> prevents viral docking on host cells

19
Q

mechanism of enfuvirtide

A

ginds gp41 on virus to prevent viral fusion with host cell membrane

20
Q

abacavir, tenofovir, -ine antiHIV meds

A

NRTIs

21
Q

mechanism of NRTIs (abacavir, tenofovir, -ine)

A

competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to RT and terminate DNA chain (lack 3’ OH)

22
Q

Which NRTI used for ppx and during pregnancy to prevent vertical transmission?

A

zidovudine

23
Q

Which NRTI is associated with hypersensitivity? Via wihch HLA?

A

abacavir, HLA-B5701

24
Q

Which NRTI associated with pancreatitis?

A

didanosine

25
Q

SEs of NRTIs

A

BM suppression, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis, lipodystrophy

26
Q

Which NRTI associated with anemia?

A

zidovudine

27
Q

mechanism of -vir- antiHIV drugs

A

NNRTIs - bind to and inhibit RT but not at active site

28
Q

SEs of -vir- antiHIV drugs

A

SJS, hepatotoxicity

29
Q

Which NNRTI is associated with vivid dreams and neuropsych symptoms?

A

efavirenze

30
Q

mechanism of -navir drugs

A

protease inhibitors - prevents cleavage of HIV mRNA products into their functional parts, so prevents maturation of new virus progeny

31
Q

SEs of -navir drugs

A

insulin resistance, lipodystrophy

32
Q

mechanism of -tegravir drugs

A

reversible integrase inhibitors - prevents HIV genome integration into host cell chromosome

33
Q

SEs of -tegravir drugs

A

myopathy

34
Q

mechanism of interferons

A

glycoproteins normally synthesized by virus-infected cells to facilitate their destruction

35
Q

clinical use of IFNa

A

HBV, HCV, condyloma acuminata, Kaposi sarcoma, hairy cell leukemia, RCC, melignant melanoma

36
Q

clinical use of IFNb

A

MS

37
Q

clinical use of IFNy

A

CGD

38
Q

SEs of IFNs

A

flu-like symptoms, neutropenia, myopathy

39
Q

mechanism of ribavirin in HCV

A

competitive inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase which inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotides

40
Q

mechanism of sofosbuvir

A

inhibits HCV RNA polymerase, chain termination

41
Q

mechanism of simeprevir

A

HCV protease inhibitor

Pharmacology (22 decks)

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