Antifungals/Antiparasites Flashcards
mechanism of ampho B
binds ergosterol and forms membrane pores that allow electrolyte leakage
should supplement ___ and ___ in pts taking ampho B
K+, Mg 2+
SEs of ampho B
- fever, chills
- nephrotoxicity –> hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia –> arrythmias
- anemia
- IV phlebitis
(can prevent with hydration and using liposomal ampho B)
mechanism of nystatin
binds ergosterol and forms membrane pores that allow electrolyte leakage
clinical use of nystatin
only used topically - oral/vaginal candidiasis, diaper rash
mechanism of flucytosine
converts to 5-FU via cytosine deaminase and prevents DNA/RNA synthesis
clinical use of flucytosine
used with ampho B, particularly in C. neoformans meningitis
PPx for prior C. neoformans meningitis
fluconazole
SEs of flucytosine
BM suppression
mechanism of -azole antifungals
inhibit fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting 14-a-demethylase, which leads to cell membrane breakdown
itraconazole ____ steroid hormone synthesis
increases
ketoconazole ____ steroid hormone synthesis
decreases
mechanism of terbinafine
inhibition of squalene epoxidase, which helps produce ergosterol for cell membrane
clinical use of terbinafine
dermatophytoses esp. onchomycosis
SEs of terbinafine
hepatotoxicity, taste disturbances
mechanism of -fungin drugs
inhibit production of B-glucans thereby inhibiting cell wall synthesis
SEs of -fungin drugs
histamine-induced flushing
mechanism of griseofulvin
interferes with microtubule function and disrupts mitosis
griseofulvin deposits in ____-containing tissues only, so it can only be used for:
keratin, superficial infections/dermatophytes
SEs of griseofulvin
carcinogenic, teratogenic, disulfiram-like reaction
drugs used for scabies/lice and their mechanisms of action
- permethrin - neuronal membrane depolarization via Na+ channels
- malathion - AChesterase inh
- lindane - GABA antagonist causing neurotoxicity
Treat Pesty Mites and Louse because they NAG you.
mechanism of bendazoles
microtubule inhibitor
mechanism of chloroquine
blocks detox of heme into hemozoin so heme accumulates and is toxic to the plasmodia
SEs of chloroquine
retinopathy, pruritis
