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MY NPTE > Neuro Differential > Flashcards

Neuro Differential Flashcards

1
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

progressive disease of cerebral cortex
development of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

initial- mild memory changes and concentration, new learning
progression - loss of orientation, word finding difficulty, depression, poor judgment, rigidity, slow movement, shuffling gait
end stage - severe intellectual and physical destruction, incontinence

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2
Q

Average age of onset/demographic for Alzheimers

A

65+
Women>men

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3
Q

Describe tremors with Parkinson’s

A

resting tremors that decrease ith activity and movement

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4
Q

Delerium vs Dementia

A

delerium is short term confusion and memory loss and is typically reversible

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5
Q

Pathological findings with Alzheimers

A

enlarged ventricles
brain atrophy
amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
elevated Tau levels with spinal tap

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6
Q

ALS

A

loss of anterior horn cells, cortocispinal tracts, and corticobulbar tracts

significant weakness and atrophy

UMN/LMN mixed disorder

sensation and cognition is typically normal - if they have pain it is likely due to immobility

mixed hypo/hyperreflexia

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7
Q

ALS patient population

A

40-70 yrs
men>women

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8
Q

Bulbar ALS

A

instead of limbs being first muscles affected, breathing, speaking muscles are affected first

worse prognosis

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9
Q

Findings for ALS

A

mixture of hyper/hypotonia, reflexes, etc secondary to UMN/LMN involvement
usually no sensory changes, bowel and bladder, cognition changes (presents like locked in syndrome)

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10
Q

Anterior cord syndrome

A

Bilateral loss of lateral corticospinal tracts (motor) and spinothalamic tract (pain and temp)

Proprioception and vibration intact (DCML)

typically caused by hyperflexion

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11
Q

Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita

A

skeletal and soft tissue congenital deformity causing joint contractures and sausage-like appearance of limbs

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12
Q

Findings for MCA stroke

A

UE>LE
contralateral motor and sensory loss of face and extremity
Wernickes/Brocas/global aphasia
Homonymous hemianopsia

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13
Q

MCA stroke is most likely affected by an embolus from the … artery

A

internal carotid

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14
Q

ACA stroke

A

LE>UE
Contralateral LE motor and sensory loss
Apraxia agraphia aphasia
Bowel/bladder/Behavior

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15
Q

PCA stroke

A

contralateral sensory loss
Hemionopdua
Prospogsnoia

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16
Q

Lacunar stroke

A

purely motor

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17
Q

Global aphasia

A

Both Wernickes and Brocas

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18
Q

Left sided CVA

A

Apraxia
impaired processing, sequencing, comprehension
aware of condition, frustrated
slow cautious hesitant

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19
Q

R sided CVA

A

poor attention, decreased awareness and judgement
impulsive, quick
spatial/perceptual deficits
pushers, neglect

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20
Q

CN nuclei located in pons

A

5,6,7,8

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21
Q

CN nuclei located in midbrain

A

3,4

22
Q

CN nuclei located in medulla

A

9,10,11,12

23
Q

Medial medullary syndrome is occlusion of what artery

A

vertebral artery

24
Q

Medial medullary syndrome is occlusion of what artery

A

PICA

25
Q

Temporalis and masseter muscles are innervated by

A

Trigeminal nerve (CN 5)

26
Q

Muscles of facial expression (motor) are innervated by

A

Facial nerve (CN 7)

27
Q

ACA stroke symptoms

A

contralateral hemiplegia and sensory loss
urinary incontinence
LE > UE

28
Q

MS patient population

A

20-50
females>males

29
Q

Relapsing remitting MS

A

periods of exacerbation followed by periods of complete or partial recovery (remission)

30
Q

Which progression of MS is most common

A

relapsing remitting (85% cases)

31
Q

Primary progressive MS

A

steady worsening from the onset; without remissions or attacks

32
Q

Secondary progressive MS

A

Initially relapsing remitting course, followed by progressive decline in function

33
Q

Progressive relapsing MS

A

progressive from the onset with intermittent attacks, but even in “remission” there is progression

34
Q

Diabetic polyneuropathy

A

stocking glove distribution of burning pain and muscle weakness
foot»>legs
fingers»hands

35
Q

Transverse myelitis

A

inflammation of one section of the spinal cord caused by viral or bacterial infection

36
Q

Optic neuritis

A

inflammation of the optic nerve - common with MS

more common in one eye
progressive vision loss/worsening over a few days

37
Q

Optic neuritis vs oculomotor lesion differential

A

optic nerve is only sensory - pain

oculomotor which is only motor - would display signs of ptosis (eyelid drooping) dilated pupil (lack of PS) and lateral strabismus (lateral rectus/superior oblique is unopposed)

38
Q

Afferent portion of corneal reflex

A

trigeminal nerve (sensation of cotton swab)

39
Q

Efferent portion of corneal reflex

A

facial nerve (blinking)

40
Q

GB symptoms occur

A

distal to proximal

41
Q

MG symptoms occur

A

proximal to distal

42
Q

Sulfamylon vs silver nitrate

A

both antibacterial but sulfa penetrates eschar and silver nitrate does not

43
Q

Panafil

A

enzymatic debridement

44
Q

Loss of peripheral vision followed by central vision

A

glacoma

45
Q

Loss of central followed by peripheral is

A

Central=cataracts

46
Q

Diffuse Lewy Body Disease vs PD

A

DLBD - major neurocognitive disorder - dementia basically

can present with bradykinesia, rigidity, tremors, but secondary to cogitive impairments

PD - may or may not show cognitive signs but will be in later stages if do

47
Q

Initial learning is best mediated with knowledge of results of performance

A

results _ visual input - learners benefit from seeing the task and whole task performed correctly

48
Q

If you see red streaking near a wound - think what

A

lymphangitis

radiate from infection site proximal to lymph nodes + fever chills malaise etc

49
Q

Cellulitis vs lymphangitis

A

Both present with fever chills malaise but Cellulitis typically only sees redness surrounding wound where as lymphangitis produces streaking

50
Q

How to best dissolve LE synergy

A

bridging

MY NPTE (22 decks)

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