MEGA Flashcards
1
Q
Myositis ossificans end feel
A
hard
2
Q
Muscle spasm end feels
A
rubbery
3
Q
Springy end feel
A
meniscus
4
Q
Mal union of fracture end feel
A
bony hard
5
Q
Acute bursitis end feel
A
empty
6
Q
Lateral winging of scapula
A
CN XI palsy
damage to upper trap or rhomboids causes lateral translation of scap
7
Q
Scapular winging findings
A
prominent medial border and upward translation/elevation d/t unopposed trapezius
8
Q
30-90 degrees elevation most active muscle
A
deltoid
9
Q
0-30 degrees elevation most active muscle
A
supraspinatus
10
Q
above 90 degrees elevation most active muscle
A
serratus and upper trap
11
Q
Medial winging - serratus is most commonly seen in
A
90 degrees+ flexion
12
Q
Lateral winging - is most commonly seen in
A
ranges of 90+ abduction
13
Q
C2 dermatome coverage
A
temple forehead occiput
14
Q
C4 dermatome coverage =
A
above clavicles
15
Q
C5 dermatome coverage =
A
lateral shoulder anterior arm
16
Q
Nipple level
A
T4
17
Q
Superfical sensation
A
via skin and subcutaneous tissues
18
Q
Pain temp and light touch are what kind of sensation
A
superficial sensation
19
Q
Deep sensation
A
muscle tendon fascia
20
Q
Kinestheisia and proprioception are examples of what kind of sensation
A
deep sensation
21
Q
Cortical sensation
A
combination of superficial and deep sensation
22
Q
Examples of cortical sensation
A
sterognosis
2 point discrimination
barognosis
Localization of tactile touch
23
Q
Combined cortical sensations are carried by
A
DCML
24
Q
Lateral spinothalamic tract cxarries
A
pain and temp (superficial sensations)
25
FIne vs crude touch
fine - localized (anterior spinothalamic)
crude - non localized (lateral spinothalamic)
26
GCS - Eyes - 4
ESPN- Eye Opening
E eye opening spontaneously -4
S eye opening to sound -3
P eye opening to pain -2
N No response -1
27
GCS - Motor - 6
Can't Live without FrENDs - Motor Response
Obeys Commands- 6
Localizes pain - 5
Withdraws from Pain - 4
Flexion to pain (decorticate)- 3
Extension to pain (decerebrate) - 2
None- 1
28
GCS - Verbal - 5
Our Country Wins
Oriented - 5
Confused - 4
Inappropriate words - 3
Incomprehensible sounds - 2
No response -1
29
Less than 8 on GCS
severe
30
13-15 GCS
mild
31
9-12 GCS
mod
32
mod GCS
9-12
33
mild GCS
13-15
34
severe GCS
less than 8
35
Best auscultation site for S3 heart sounds
mitral valve - L 5th mid clavicular space
36
Best auscultation site for S2 heart sounds
pulmonary sound
37
RPE scale way to remember
start at 9 and 50% then add 5 for every increase
9= 50%
10=55%
11=60%
12=65%
13=70%
14=75%
15=80%
16=85%
17=90%
18=95%
19=100%
38
Denervated heart = increased or decreased resting HR
increased
39
Denervated heart effects on exercise
delayed HR increase
slower decrease in HR - return to resting
increased resting HR
decreased maximum HR
40
Stages of lipedema
Stage I: skin surface smooth, subcutaneous fat thickened, fat structure fine-
knotted
Stage II: Skin surface uneven, fat structure coarsely knotted
Stage III: Tissue additionally coarser and harder, large lobed deforming fat lobes
Stage IV: Additional severe lipolymphedema
41
Cellulitis is more common with lymphedema or lipedema
lymphedema
42
Pain on pressure: lymphedema or lipedema
lipedema
43
CE MI PONS MEDU
CE = 1,2
MI = 3,4
PONS = 5,6,7,8
MEDU = 9,10,11,12
44
Causes of short step length
FLOP - hip flexor tightness results in shorter step on opposite side
glute max contracture on same side
45
FLOP
Flexor tightness opposite side - step length reduced
46
High ankle sprain - tibiofibular sprain
syndesmosis squeeze test (Hopkins test)
pain distal tib fib joint
47
Anteiror drawer in 0 DF
posterior TFL
48
Anterior drawer in 20 PF
ATFL
49
Blumbergs sign
rebound tenderness
50
Appendicitis sympotms
RLQ epigastric pain
colicky to contant pain as progresses
rebound tenderness (Blumbergs sign)
51
Mcburneys point location
1/3 between ASIS and umbilicus
closer to ASIS
52
Obturator sign
RLQ pain with IR of hip in 90/90
53
Rovsing sign
Press into LLQ - pain in RLQ
54
Pinch and inch test
Pinch 1 in of tissue in RLQ
55
Murphys sign - gallbadder
deeply inhale, palpate under ribs, exhale
if gallbladder presses into hand = pain
56
Murphys sign - kidney
closed fist - thrust with other hand to kidney (12th rib)
57
Murphys sign - hand
lunate dislocation
make a fist - if all knuckles are in line = positive
58
Referred pain patterns - to testes
ureter
59
Referred pain patterns - to shoulderblade
gallbladder
60
Referred pain patterns - to umbilicus
pancreas
61
Referred pain patterns - to L shoulder
diaphragm
heart
62
Referred pain patterns - to R shoulder
liver
gallbladder
R lung
peptic ulcer
head of pancreas
63
Head of pancreas pain
R shoulder
64
Cullen sign
periumbilical ecchymosis
acute pancreatitis
65
Kehrs sign
pain referred to the left shoulder on gentle palpation of the abdomen when the patient is lying down with legs elevated
66
Hiatial hernia pain
L shoulder
67
Thorax wrapping anteirorly pain is called
flank pain
68
RLQ pneumonic
AC
appendix
chrons
69
LUQ pneumonic
Don't banana split
(diaphragm, body and tail of pancreas, spleen)
70
RUQ pneumonic
good luck hot pack
(gallbladder, liver, head of pancreas, peptic ulcer)
71
FIM scale
1-7
1= dependent (patient participates less than 25%)
2 = maxA (patient participates 25-50%)
3 = modA (patient participates 50-75%)
4 = minA (patient participates 75% or greater)
5 = supervision (cuing, setup, guarding = CGA)
6 = modI - IND w/ AD
7 = IND
Qs can be asked both ways - pt participation or PT assist
72
SLR sural bias
ankle DF IV
73
SLR tibial bais
ankle DF EV
toe extension
74
TED SID PIP
Tibial - Eversion - DF
Sural - Inversion - DF
Peroneal - Inversion - PF
75
XRAY view needed for spondy
oblique view
76
Low TSH =
hyperthyroidsim
77
High T3/T4
hyperthyroidsim
78
Hyperthyroidsim signs
increased HR causes decrease BP
Muscle weakness and atrophy
heat intolerance
high metabolic rate
increased glucose absorption
restlessness
insomnia
increased appetite and weight loss
increased perspiration
hyperreflexia
exopthalomos
79
Hypothyroidsim signs
decreased HR
increased BP
low BMR weight gain
cold intolereance
decreased glucose absorption
sleepiness, prox muscle weak
constipation
brittle hair nails
prolonged DTR - they move slow and prolonged
myxedema
80
Cardiovascular changes with aquatic therapy
you pass your exam and go on vacation =
decreased HR and BP
but you're happy so your happy heart = increased stroke volume and CO
hydrostatic pressure makes heart more efficient
81
Pulm changes with aquatic therapy
hydrostatic pressure =
decreased lung expansion
increased work of breathing
decreased VC IRV
82
% WB thorax exposed
33%
83
% WB head exposed
10%
84
% WB at ASIS
50
85
MS is categorized as UMN/LMS
UMN
86
MS vs ALS
MS pain - UMN
ALS no pain, UMN+LMN, pure motor
87
disuse atrophy =
UM
88
Primary progressive MS
steadily worsening from the onset no periods of relapse or remission
89
Relapsing remitting MS
periods of attacks and remission
90
Secondary progressive
initially relapsing remitting and transitions to primary progressive
91
Progressive relapsing
most dangerous
steadily worsening from start with periods of attacks
92
COPD gold stage 1
mild
FEV1 80%+
93
FEV1/FVC ratio less than 70%
obstructive disease
94
COPD gold stage 2
moderate
FEV1 50-79%
SOA with exerction
95
COPD gold stage 3
severe
FEV1 30-49%
96
COPD gold stage 4
very severe
FEV1 less than 30%
97
MAM R U
ULTT 1 Median - AIN
ULTT 2 Median - Musculocutanoeus
ULTT 3 - Radial
ULTT 4 - Ulnar
98
Independent sliding board transfers
C6 - wrist extension creates tenodesis grasp
99
Independent pressure relief
C6 - lat dorsi innervated can compensate for lack of triceps
100
BROWN - POT
Brown sequard
Pain OPP side Temp Opp side
101
Motor pain and temp loss below level - bilateral
anterior cord syndrome
DCML spared - proprioception , vibration, 2 point discrimination, fine touch
102
Posteiror cord syndrome
bilateral loss of DCML
103
MUD - E
Central cord
motor more than sensory
UE>LE
hyperExtension
104
Pressure ulcer stages
Stage 1 - non blanchable redness - when you press it doesnt go away
Stage 2 - superfical partial thickness wound
Stage 3 - full thickness wound involving subcu tissue (3 - FAT)
Stage 4 - full thickness with bone or tendon exposed 4- BONE)
105
Pressure relief in wheelchair
once every 15-20 mins
106
Waxy white burn
deep partial thickness
107
Burn classificaiton: no pain or pressure
Full thickness burn - third degree
charred or tan leathery apperance
108
Sensitive to pressure but not to light or pinprick touch
deep partial thickness - 2nd degree
109
Protocol THA Phase 1
max protection
WBAT
precautions
ankle pumps
UE strengthening
Avoid hip flex contracture
110
3 things needed to use parametric test
normal distribution
ratio or interval data
sample size 30+
111
Anterior hip precautions
adduction extension ER
112
Chi square used with
nominal data
113
Thomas test - psoas tightness
hip flexion only
114
Thomas test - rectus femoris tightness
extended knee
115
Thomas test - biceps femoris tightness
lateral rot of tibia
116
Elys test
prone knee flexion tests rectus
117
Increase in PR interval only
normal PR interval is .12-.20 so prolonged would likely be higher than .20
118
Hypocalcemia EKG
prolonged QT interval
Baby is a QT - baby cries prolonged without calcium
119
Hypercalcemia EKG
QT interval shortned because baby (the QT) has lots of milk
120
Hypokalemia
decrease T wave
ST depression
121
Interventions are what kinds of variable
I for an I
Independent for Intervention
122
Outcome measures are ... variables
dependent variables
123
Contact precautions
MRSA Cdiff VRE Lice Scabies
124
Gram negative bacterias are what precaution
contact
125
HEP A and B precautions
Contact
126
Strep A precaution
droplet
127
Pertussis precaution
droplet
128
uhthoff phenomenon
MS worse in hot weather
129
Precautions postural drainage
pulm edema
hemoptysis
ascites
pleural effusion
massive obestiy
130
Contraindications postural drainage
increased intracranial pressure
hemodynamically unstable
spinal fusion
head trauma
131
Ranchos Level 4 interventions
they do not have carryover from previous sessions so orient them and consistent schedule
used closed ended questions
prepare multiple activites and give options - impulsive
be calm
132
New Girl Looks Cute in a CO-IN and CAP-APP
No response
Generalized
Localized
Confused - Agitates
Confused - inappropriate
Appropriate
Confused
Automatic
Purposeful
133
Forward sway muscles active with hip strategy
concentric abdominals and quads
134
Forward sway ankle strategy
eccentric contraction of posteirior muscles - gastroc, paraspinals and hamstrings
135
Backward sway ankle strategy
eccentric tibA quads abdominals
136
Backward sway muscles active with hip strategy
concentric paraspinals and hamstrings
137
When to use distributed practice
strok, SCI, MS, post polio
anytime that fatigue is an issue
138
Procedural learning
tasks performed without thinking
139
Declarative learning
concious recall of information such as names states facts dates etc
140
Performing exercises w/ lymphedema
proximal joints to distal
141
Ionto for hyperhydrosis
use water - neutral
142
Ionto for pain
options
salicylate - negative
lidocaine - positive
xylocaine - positive
143
Ionto for calcification
acetate/acetic acid
negative
144
Ionto for inflamm
dexamethasone
negative
145
Ionto for scars
iodine
negative
146
Ionto for dermal ulcers
zinc oxide
positive
147
Ionto for fungal infection
think green penny
copper - positive
148
Ionto for muscle spasm
calcium - positive
magnesium - positive
149
Burns with ionto most commonly occur with
negative polarity
150
Opening restriction =
pop top -
151
Closing restriction
bottoms up
work on bottom segment
152
Hip contracture position
flexion and adduction
153
Intrinsic plus position
resting hand splint
154
Class 1 compression garment
20-30 mmHg
used for mild lymphedema
UE
fragile skin or elderly
155
Class 2 compression garments
30-40 mmhG
stage 2 lymph
min compression neeeded for LE
156
min compression neeeded for LE
30-40 mmHg
157
40-50 mmHg would be used for
LE
158
Low anterior thigh wall
acts like weak quad
159
Low lateral wall
weak abductors
160
Low walls vs high walls prosthetics
low walls = weak muscles
high walls = tight muscles
161
How to assess diastasis recti
lift head progress toward shoulders and scapula
if split is greater than 2cm - protect abdominal musculature and progress head lifts
162
Disk protrusion % lumbar traction
25% body weight
163
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea involves which sided heasrt failure
L
164
Naming torticollis
side of muscle tightness
165
Oblique - ipsilateral rotators
internal = Ipsilatearl
166
Oblique contralateral rotators
external
C is close to E
167
Ex. rolling to supine from R sidelying - oblique action
left IO right EO
168
Difference in axle bariatric WC
169
Difficulty propelling WC solution
170
Move front casters back =
closer to patient COM
171
Person in bariatric WC has more weight placed
anterior
solution is to displace rear axle forward
172
OLD FEN
Motor response GCS
Obeys command
Localized pain - moves
Draws away (flex) from pain
Flexion
Extension
None
173
Medial epicondylitis most commonly affects
FCR and pronator teres
174
R optic nerve lesion
blindness of R eye
175
R optic tract lesion
Homonymous hemianopsia with blindless on L sides
176
Cannot do the task with cueing but can without being watched
ideomotor
177
APGAR Slow and irregular
1
178
APGAR Cry
2
179
APGAR Active movement
2
180
APGAR Flexed arms and legs
1
181
Bouchard nodules
OA nodules at PIP
PIP in GB
182
Fall risk on POMS
less than 19
183
Fall risk on FGA
less than 22
184
Fall risk on TUG
30+
most can finish less than 10
11-20 normal for elderlyNOr
185
Normal TUG for elderly
11-20
186
In ABG question if no values are within normal it is
partially compensated
187
axial load + IR/ER in 160 degrees elevation
crank test
188
Crank test is perfomred in ... elvevation
160
189
AC Shear test positive
abnormal movemenet or pain
190
Rhabdo signs
dark brown urine
CK
191
decreased bone desity = increase or decreased bouyancy in water
increased
192
Renal dysfunction = increased or decreased urine output
decreased
193
S1 vs tibial nerve pathology
S1 sensation supplies lateral foot, tibial supplies sole of foot
194
Color of deep partial thickness burns
mixed red/waxy white
195
US depth for shoulder capsule
deep 1 mHz
196
Diagnostic studies =
cross sectional
197
Suprapubic tapping is best for
spastic bladder
this will not work for flaccid bladder as there is no reflex arc available
198
Platelet count less than 10000
no exercise
10-20 bike no resistance
20000 bike + therex
199
Pain with food or within 30 mins-1 hour after=
gastric ulcer
Gastric=Food
200
Pain inbetween meals 2-3 hours after
duodenal ulcers
Empty=Duodenal
201
IRs of the shoulder
subscapularis, lat, pec minor
concentric phase of throwing
202
fall risk functional reach test
less than 10 in
203
Supine development peds
2-3
3-5 months touch knees
5-7 months touch toes to mouth
204
Cancer stages
0 - in situ
1 - at tissue
2 adjacent tissue + lymph
3 deep tissue + lymph
4 beyond origin + lymph
205
How to remember HCt values
Hemoglobin x3
Males 13-18 x3 = 39-54%
Females 12-16 x3 = 36-48%
206
Angry folks have HF - wound absorption
alginate
foam
hydrocolloid
hydrogel
film
207
Angry folks have HF - wound absorption
208
Signs of supraspinatus tendonitis
pec minor tightness = anterior tilt of scap
upward migration of HH
painful arc
209
Gaenslen test
positive for a SIJ lesion, hip pathology, pubic synthesis instability, or an L4 nerve root lesion.
210
Laceration to back of hand =
sensory loss only in distribution of radial nerve (dorsum of thumb)
motor is done by everything proximal to wrist
211
child collapses = first action
30:2 CPR followed by activating EMS if alone
212
Complications of NSAIDs
vasoconstrictors = increased BP and peripheral edema
abdominal pain, melena (dark stool)
213
Dilated pupils biltaerally =
CN 2
CN 3 if ipsilaterally
214
Cyanosis, confusion, diaphoresis, restlessness, hypoventilation
resp acidosis
215
hyperventilation, lightheaded, dizzy, syncope, muscle cramps
resp alkalosis
216
metabolic alkalosis results in compensatory
hypoventilation
217
metabolic acidosis results in compensatory
hyperventilation, cardaic arrythmias, hyperkalemia
218
Weak PF gait deviations
decreased pushoff and shortened contralateral step length
219
Conversion disorder
person actually thinks theyre sick and weakn blind etc
treat with CBT
220
Malingering
made up symptoms
for secondary gain
221
Mandatory reporter
must report cases to CPS
222
Modify exercises in this progression
intensity
duration
frequency
223
Pressure tolerant areas
Patellar tendon
Medial lateral tibia
Fibulae shaft or neck
Intolerant
Fib head
Tibial crest and condyles
Distal tibia
224
softer heel cushion =
increased loading response
225
Normal GFR
90-120
kidney filure is below 15
226
Damage to peduendal nerve -
stress incontinence
227
pudendal nerve
carries motor and sensory from S2-4 sacral spianl nerve
228
Functional incontinence
impaired cognition or physical functioning - cannot get to toilet but bladder works fine
229
Overflow bladder
non contractile overflow due to prostate enlargement or areflexive bladder
230
When you are resting and holding pee your detrusor muscle is and pelvic floor is
relaxed
contracted
231
BPH pain or no pain
no pain
232
Motor function is preserved below the neurologic level, but .... of the key muscles below the neurologic level have a muscle grade
more than half
less than 3
233
Crede method
manial pressure to lower abdomen to empty bladder
234
NLOI
most caudal segment with both normal light touch and pinprick
+
at least 3/5 motor on both sides of body
235
Lower GI stool
black coffee color
236
COlon stool
blood
237
Better with lean forward and sitting up; worse laying down
pancreatic cancer
Pancreatitis
Makes sense because they are both pancreatic conditions
238
Signs of increased hemoglobin
dehydration and shock
239
Signs of decreased hemoglobin
tachycardia, decreased exercise tolerance, fatigue
240
INR 2.5
be cautious
241
INR 2.5-4
risk for hemoarthosis - bleeding into joint
242
INR 4-6
no therapy - maybe bed rest
243
Less than 10,000 platelet
no go
244
10-20,000 platelet
basic ADLs only
245
20-30,000 platelet
light exercises
246
30-50,000 platelets
submax, AROM, avoid resistance
247
Normal potassium
3.5-5
low potassium creates heart arrythmias and cramping
248
ESR normal values
less than 15 male
less than 20 female
249
prothrombin time
12-15
high prothrombin time = liver damage because liver makes clotting proteins
250
Psoatic limp
flexion ER adduction
251
AROM limitations LCP vs SCFE
extension and abduction - LCP
abduction, flexion, IR - SCFE
252
Normal sodium values
135-145
253
Normal calcium
8.4-10.4
254
Normal magnesium
1.8-2.4
255
Hyperkalemia is associated with metabolic
acidosis
256
Symptoms of hypercalcemia
fatigue confusion increased urination cardiac arrhythmia
257
Goldthwaits test
lumbar spine vs SIJ
place hand under interspinous space and perform SLR
if pain occurs before interspace movement = SIJ
258
Gillets test
Palpate S2 and PSIS on side the knee is flexed
normally should move inferior to S2
if moves minimally joint is hypomobile
259
Transient osteoporosis can be associated with pregnancy
third trimester
260
How many minutes of ice for spasticity
30 mins
261
Trunk curl ups are contraindicated for rectus diastisis ....
more than 2 finger widths
262
First degree flat foot
Second degree
third degree
navicular drop 1/3 to floor
2/3
on floor
263
Burn scale for scattered burns
hand method
264
Primary repair
first 12-24 hours,
265
delayed primary surgery
within the first 10 days
266
Functional capacity of a C8 spinal cord injury
able to transfer from floor into wheelchair
267
SCI level independent with driving a car with adaptive controls.;
C5
268
Closed packed posotion hip
extension abductoin IR
269
Meds that give OP with long term use
corticosteriods
coumadin/aspirin/heparin
270
On off time traction
60 on 20 off
271
On off time for muscle spasms
10 on 10 off - fatigues muscle
272
On off time russian
10 on 30 off
273
Blanching with. brisk refill
superficial
ex sunburn
2-7 day heal
274
Redness and blistering, appears wet and weeping
no scarring
extremely painful
blanching with brisk refill
mod edema
superficial partial thickness
275
Blanching with slow refill
red waxy white
sensitive to pressue but not light touch or pinprick
lots of edema
will result in extensive scarring
deep partial thickness
276
No blanching
white or charred brown leathery appearance
no pain or pressure
full thickness
277
High risk on Braden
12 or less
278
Mod risk on Braden
13-14
279
Low risk on Braden
15-18
280
Rubor of dependency test
seen with
arterial wounds
elevate leg to 60 degrees for 1 min, hang off bed
color should return within 15 seconds
if takes longer or foot turn bright red = arterial insufficiency
281
Normal capillary refill
less than 3 seconds
282
Options for ABI of ankle
dorsalis pedis or posterior tib artery
283
ABI with venous insufficiency
high
284
Compression pumps for venous ulcer pressure
45-60 mmHg
285
Interventions for Arterial insufficiency
walk until symptoms arise
manage BP cholesterol risk factors etc
286
Wound dressing for little to no drainage
transparent film
287
Wounds with mild exudate or partial thickness
hydrocolloid
288
Wounds with necrosis and sliugh
partial and full thickness
dry wounds
hydrogel
289
Induration
very hard and swollen
290
Subscapular nerve innervates
teres major
291
Axillary nerve innervates what 2 muscles
deltoid and teres minor
292
Subscap innervation
upper and lower subscapular nerve
293
Suprascapular nerve innervates
supra and infraspinatus
There’s major
294
Weakness or insufficient recruitment of pelvic muscles results in sustained posture of SI joint
counternutation
295
Anterior pelvic tilt results in what motion of sacrum
counternutation
296
The ideal amount of time for therapeutic heating effects heat
20-30 mins
297
What does laying supine while preganant lead to?
Increase in inferior vena cava pressure = decrease in venous return and cardiac output
298
Increased IR rotation during swing
caused by weakness of hip ER
tight IT band
299
Normal RR rate adult
12-20
300
Normal RR rate elementary kid (8-12 yr)
20-30
301
Normal RR rate toddler (1-3 yr)
25-40
302
Normal RR infant (less than 1 yr)
30-60
303
Why does hypothyroidism present with ...
decreased cerebral blood flow = slowed neurologic functions, reduced peristaltic activity leading to constipation and decreased appetite, decreased circulation = cold intolerance
304
TibA innervation
L4-5
305
Can PTs recommend med changes if its OTC
No
306
Aspirin vs Tylenol
Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and Tylenol is an analgesic NOT an NSAID
307
Jugular vein distension
R sided HF
think flow backs up
308
Excessive hip adduction IR upon landing =
ACL - quad action in flexed valgus position put inordinate load
309
MOI PCL
hyperflexion or extension
310
Oblique popliteal ligament
prevents hyperextension
anteromedial tibia rotation
311
10 meter walk test
measures gait speed
mark 2 meters 6 meters 2 meters
have patient start walking and start timer at the 2 meter point stop at 8 - only measures gait speed through middle 6 meters
can use AD
312
Positive venous filling time
less than 15 seconds
due to venous reflux
313
Positive rubor dependency test
greater than 15 seconds
314
Stage 1 lymphedema is better in
morning
315
What type of compression garment for lymphedema
phase 2 - flat knit
316
L5 nerve root DTR
hamstrings
317
Trigger foods GERD
acidic (coffee)
chocolate alcohol
fatty
318
Slipping of the iliopsoas tendon
snapping at lesser trochanter or anterior acetabulum
45° of flexion to extension w hip abducted and ER
319
Large muscle group NMES
35-80 pps
200-350 microseconds large
For small 150-200
320
Difficulty with initiation of movement
basal ganglia
321
hip/groin pain, limited IR, flexion, and abduction
hip dysplasia
322
Smaller in stature and may have limb length discrepancies, hip abductor weakness, antalgic gait
LCP
323
adolescent, antalgic gait and a laterally (externally) rotated lower extremity, obese
SCFE
324
Efficacy
extent to which an intervention produces a desired outcome under ideal conditions
325
extent to which an intervention produces a desired outcome under ideal conditions
Efficacy
326
extent to which an intervention produces a desired outcome under usual clinical conditions.
Effectiveness
327
Efficacy vs effectiveness
Efficacy = ideal conditions
Effectiveness = actual conditions
327
OPP shoulder =
... flexion
... abduction
30
60
328
Too much friction at prosthetic knee = gait deviation
circumducted
329
Afib that is contraindicated vs ok to treat
new onset 100+ bpm = no go
managed chronic under 100 bpm = ok
330
Orthotic management scoliosis cobb angle
25° to 45°
331
cobb angle for spinal fusion
40 degrees
332
Rocker bottom shoe
takes weight off toes and more weight through heel
333
CHF and aquatic therapy
must be monitored closely due to immersion and increase in volume overload that could happen
334
PEDI
limitations in participation
has a section for caregiver assistance
335
SFA
assess performance w school tasks
336
Signs of spinal shock
inability to sweat
areflexia
hypotension
337
Signs of PE
tachycardia
tachypnea
decreased O2sat
338
What is a hiatal hernia
stomach protrudes through diapragm
339
Glossopharyngeal breathing
C3-4 partial diaphragm
340
Pusher syndrome treatment
ask them to find midline then reward them with success
physically pushing them back is only going to make them push harder
remember, pusher syndrome is a postural/perceptual issue, not muscular
341
Hypoproteinemia less than 2 g/dL
ABI less than .6
contraindication for compression pump
342
MG affects women when
20-30
men 50+
343
MG affects men when
50+
women 20-30
344
Molymyalgia rheumatica common age
80+
345
Central slip vs distal slip/tendon of extensor digitorum
central = PIP
distal -DIP
346
Compensations w measuring forearm pronation
shoulder abduction and IR
347
Compensations w measuring forearm supination
shoulder adduction and ER
348
Anemia is associated with what comorbidity
CKD - decreased RBC lifespan and erythropoetin production
349
Babinski sign tests what tract
corticospinal tract
350
Tetraplegia - you want them to have ... hamstrings and ... lower trunk
flexible hamstrings to 100 for long sitting
tight trunk for sitting stability
351
How to increase neural tension with SLR
adduct and IR hip
flex cervical spine
obviously DF
352
Glute med innercation
L4-S1
353
Weak hip flexors (L2) results in what gait deviation
ER of hip to use adductors as flexors
354
Glute max innervation
L5-S2
355
Aortic aneurysm pain referral
lower abdomen and back
356
Pancreatic pain
epigastric and LUQ
357
FDS paralyisis results in
swan neck
358
3 muscles innervated by AIN
FDP
FPL
pronator quad
359
Cardiac tamponade
fluid collection within pericardium
360
Cardiovascular changes with elevation
initially everything increases
Head ball coach Colorado
increase HR
BP
CO
except SV normal
361
Valsalva CV effects
increased ab pressure
increases BP and venous pressure - due to decreased blood flow to heart
decreased HR
362
Dangers of Valsalva
on relaxation, blood rushes to cardiac system and overloads
363
Infant normal BP
75/50
364
Infant normal HR
120
365
Child normal HR
80-140
366
large diameter or small diameter fibers are activated first during estim
LARGE
367
Hydrocolloids can be used with what stage wound
Stage 2 and 3 - minimal drainage
368
Transparent films only used with stage
1 and 2
369
Shunt dysfunction vs tethered cord
Shunt - lethargy irritability vomiting headache seizures
cord - spasticity buttock pain weak leg muscles
370
Back pain with SLR =
central lesion
371
Leg pain with SLR =
lateral disc herniation
372
Insidious vs acute
insidious =comes on gradually with maybe no symptoms at first
373
Obturator nerve innervates
adductors
-longus
-brevis
-gracilis
+ obturator externus (adductor/ER)
374
Sitting in chair knee flexion needed
80 degrees
375
Knee flexion needed to tie shoes in sitting
105
376
Limited MTP mobility orthotic
Metatarsal bar to transfer stress to shaft and off joint
377
PF MMT
1 rep
3/5
378
PF MMT
2-24 reps
4/5 good
379
PF MMT
4/5 good
2-24 reps
380
PF MMT
25 reps
5/5
381
Safe and effective strengthening for osteoporosis
back extensor
382
Why do OA knee pain shift weight to same side
to decrease load on medial compartment of knee e]
383
Loose packed superior/prox radioulnar joint
35° of supination and 70° elbow flexion
383
Shoulder exercises below 90 should be used for
acute phase shoulder impringement
384
Picking object from the floor w/ prosthetic
unaffected extremity forward, WB through unaffected extremity while bending and reaching for the object on the floor
385
Cryo can cause
increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
386
Distal humerus fx nerve damage
ulnar or median nerve
mid humerus = radial nerve
387
Superior gluteal nerve
glute med and min
388
Inferior gluteal nerve
glute max
389
Genitofemoral nerve
L1-2
sensory only
390
Contraindications after UCL suregry
no ER
391
acute, deep, and localized pain in the lower leg
stress fracture
392
diffuse pain and tightness, relief of pain with rest and increase in pain with activity and stretching
compartment syndrome
393
ACE inhibitors have an effect on HR T or F
False no effect
394
ALS exercises
no resistance in patients with less than 3/5 - risk of overuse weakness
AROM, opassice, submax aerobics are all appropriate
395
Why is aquatic therapy contraindicated with severe CKD
evere kidney disease due to the patient's inability to adjust to fluid loss during immersion
396
Presense of rheumatoid factor =
RA
397
Absence of rheumatoid factor
OA
398
Tracheal shift occurs to side of
less volume
toward involved side with
fibrosis, atelectasis, lobectomy,
more volume/pressure = deviation away (pleaural effusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax, tumor,
399
Target INR for patient on warfarin/coumadin
2-3.5
400
Lat MMT palm up or down
up
401
Sliding board w/ assist
C5
402
Manual WC with rim projections
C5
only short distance tho
403
Muscles that can be weak with crutch use
radial nerve - elbow and wrist extensors
404
Fibular translation test
high ankle sprain
405
capsular pattern hip
IR>flex>abd
406
Best way of increasing muscle length
US + stretching same time
US + stretching after
Heat + stretching
US goes depper than heat
407
Coracoclavicular injury =
AC joint
408
Post MI HR cap
70% HR max
409
Restance training post MI
5 weeks
remain under 70% maxHR till 6 weeks
410
Hyperresonant to percussion
more air
411
Hyporesonent to percussion =
more fluid
412
More fremitus (vibration)
more fluid
less fremitus = more air
413
Brochiectasis =
obstructive
414
standing or slow walk MET
1.5-2
415
normal walk speed
1.2-1.4 m/s
3 mph
416
normal walk MET
3-4 METS
417
brisk walk MET
5-6
418
jogging MET
7-8
419
Normal BMI
18-25
420
Overweight BMI
25-30
421
Underweight BMI
18 or les
422
Flexor hallicus longus and flexor digitorum longus innervation
tibial
423
Gastroc short =
decreased ROM in extension
increased in flexion
424
Pleural effusion results in ... fremitus and ... resonance
decreased
dull
425
Return to sport quad to hamstring ratio
3:2
426
Phase 3 cardiac rehab should inclusde restistance of
1-3 lbs or 30-50% 1 rep max
427
FITT - obesity
greater than 5 days a week to max caloric expenditure
40-60 %VO2max
428
Atelectasis vs pneumothorax
atelectasis = ALVEOLI collapse causing decreased lung volume , tracheal deviation toward
pneumothorax - collapse of lung - tracheal deviation away because of pressure buildup
429
RA vs OA
OA - morning stiffness less than 1 hour, unilateral, large joints
RA - morning stiffness more than 1 hou, bilateral, small joints
430
Adverse effects of diuretic
hypovolemia - decreased fluid = increased CO = excessive demand on heart
Orthostatics
431
Fewer, better beats
digoxin - inhibits SNS
decreased HR, increased force of contraction
432
Urokinase
clot buster
433
Side effects statins
muscle weakness, pain, inflammation, tendon degeneration
434
V1 EKG placement
4th IC space R of sternum
435
V2 EKG placement
4th IC space L of sternum
436
V4 EKG placement
5th IC space mid clavicular line
437
V5 EKG placement
5th IC space axillary line
438
V6 EKG placement
directly under armpit
439
EKG one small box =
.04 sec
this means one large box is .2 sec
440
Bigeminy and trigeminy
no exercise = 6 or more PVC in minute
441
Heimlich for pregnant or obese
above stomach
442
With CPR you want chest to rise but not
abdomen
443
When do you change positions with CPR
every 5 cycles - taking no longer than 10 secs
444
If ped has pulse (normal) but no breaths =
perform rescue breaths every 3-5 seconds (12-20 breaths/min)
if pulse is low less than 60 then give compressions
444
If adult has pulse (normal) but no breaths =
perform rescue breaths every 6-8 seconds (10 breaths/min)
if pulse is low less than 60 then give compressions
445
DGI fall risk
8 items scored 0-3
max sore 24
11+-4
446
Meausrement point for FRT
closed fist - third metacarpal head
447
TUG distance
3 meters
448
POMA/Tinneti has
balance and gait components
max score 28
449
High validity and reliability to determine exercise tolerance
6MWT
450
Fugyl meyer
14 highest score
patients with hemiplegia
451
If pt has DVT when can they early ambulate and compression
after starting blood thinners
452
Pt on coumadin and has DVT =
ambulate amd compress
453
Pt has DVT and no meds =
no ambulate or compression
454
CHF class: marked limitation of physical activity
class 3
455
CHF class: SLIGHT limitation of physical activity
class 2
456
CHF class: inabiliy to carry out PA without discomfort limitation of physical activity
Class 4
457
barely perceptible indentation on pitting edema scale
1+
458
slight indentation less than 15 sec on pitting edema scale
2+
459
deep indentation less than 30 sec on pitting edema scale
3+
460
greater than 30 sec pitting edemax
4+
461
Lower lobe lateral basal
20 in elevated
prone 1/4 turn
lower ribs percussion
462
Lower lobe superior segment
bed flat pillow under stomach
percussion to tip of scapq
463
Lower lobe posterior basal segment
20 in elevated
prone
lower ribs
464
Horner syndrome sings
ptosis - eyelid drooping
miosis - pupil constriction
465
Normal breathing patternxs
epigastric and chest wall expansion
466
SCI ASIA A C8 breathing pattern
abdominal protrusion and chest wall retraction
467
Myasthenia gravis
repeated contractions = fatigue
can demonstrate normal MMT
NO SENSORY or REFLEX changes
468
Concurrent validity
comparsion of scores test A and B - do they measure the same thing?
469
Content validity
does the single test cover what it’s supposed to measure
470
Face validity
does the test LOOK valuable
471
Antacids prolonged =
execes bicarb = alkalosis
472
Muscle weakness is more common with L/R sided HF
L - decreased BF
473
Effects corticosteriods on blood sugar and blood pressure
increases
474
Achy cramping dull pain
muscle
475
Boring, deep, localized
bone
476
throbbing, poor localized
vascular
477
On/off time traction
60 sec and off for 20 seconds
478
PT should check blood sugar how often during tx session
Every 30 mins
479
Normal troponin levels
0-.03
480
Normal levels C reactive protein
normal less than 3
pathology more than 3
481
Fremitus for pneumonia
Fremitus for PulmEdema
increased
decreased
482
Icy breath =
women MI
483
delayed PR interval (greater than .2 sec) 1 big box =
1st degree AV block
484
1 big EKG box is ... sec
.2
485
Inverted t wave represents left ventricular hypertrophy or ischemia
486
venous capacitance
degree of active constriction of vessels. (mainly veins) which affects return of blood to the heart
487
Noble compression test
sitting or supine, palpate lateral epicondyle and ACTIVELY extend knee - pain will be recreated approx 30 degrees knee flexion - point where IT band frictions over lateral epicondyle
488
Goniometry landmarks cervical rotation
acromian process and nose
489
red flag for size of mole - melanoma
6 mm
490
Test for AnkSpondy
Schobers test
491
Less than ... cm increase in length with forward flexion: Schobers test
POsitive
5 cm
492
Hawthorne effect
change behavior when being watched
493
CAD/cardiac rehab exercise ratio - inpatient
- outpatinet
1:1
2:1
can work up to 5:1
494
Jersey finger injury requires
referral to surgoen - necrosis can happen if prolonged unhealed
495
Normal lymph node palpation
not palpable, to soft to firm
non tender
up to 1 cm diameter
496
How to test orthostatics
supine sitting (after 2 mins) and standing (after 2 mins)
497
Tenderness in lymph node
sign of infection inflammation or cancer
498
Medicare covers people with ... regardless of age
ESRD =
499
Medicare part A vs B
A - hospital
B - outpatient
500
If pt has Foley in, how should ghey perform hip flexion activities
in sitting - keeps bladder below
501
Atrophic scar
sunken - acne type scarring
502
When should brief intense TENS be used
prior to procedures to increase pain tolerance
rapid onset of relief compared to conventional
503
initial cardiac rehab session patient reports chest pain, appears anxious, and wants to go back to bed to rest. What is the therapist’s BEST initial course of action?
monitor vitals - not an emergency
504
Medications that increase falls
antidepressants (Prozac, ZOloft)
Blood thinners (warfarin, aspirin)
BP meds obvi
505
Mini BEST test
examines STS
compensatory postural control
sensory organization
gait
does not assess sitting balance or med mobility
506
With patient that is hyperextending, inserting heel lift will
delay forefoot loading and allow the tibia to progress farther forward, thus increasing flexion at the knee by anteriorly tilting the tibia.
507
Normal 2 point discrimination
less than 6 mm
508
How to reverse claudicatation -
walking program mod intensity
moderate intensity, 30–60 min/day, 3–5 days/w
509
CPR order adult
Call 911
Compressions
Airway
Breathing
AED
510
Canadian C spine rules are highly
sensisiteve
511
fibromyalgia (FM) typically do not tolerate
sustained overhead activities, vigorous or high-impact activities, and eccentric muscle contractions because they evoke pain
512
Sessions for FM - time of day
afternoons because they have difficulty with gettign day started
513
Level 4 Ranchos - agitated and tries to bite the therapist. What is the therapist’s BEST course of action?
calm down in this session
do not delay session
514
Is CHF a medical emergency?
Not really, just call the physician and get them in ASAP
515
CPR sequencing
516
R middle and L lingular lobe positioning
supine 1/4 to opposite side
517
MA
518
Above T3 SCI maxHR
110-120
519
Lymphatic system/venous system collection
10-20
80-90
520
Most likely to increase BP -
isometric exercises
521
Provocative positions for GERD
supine or jumping
522
Least accurte form of temp reading
axillary bc its outside the body
523
Serial casting only gains ... degrees
5-7
524
Used for population studies
z test
525
Cause of metabolic alkalosis
vomiting
ingestion of antacids
diuretics = loss of volume
526
Signs of metabolic alkalosis
weakness fasiculations and cramping convulsions
