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MY NPTE > MEGA > Flashcards

MEGA Flashcards

1
Q

Myositis ossificans end feel

A

hard

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2
Q

Muscle spasm end feels

A

rubbery

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3
Q

Springy end feel

A

meniscus

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4
Q

Mal union of fracture end feel

A

bony hard

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5
Q

Acute bursitis end feel

A

empty

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6
Q

Lateral winging of scapula

A

CN XI palsy
damage to upper trap or rhomboids causes lateral translation of scap

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7
Q

Scapular winging findings

A

prominent medial border and upward translation/elevation d/t unopposed trapezius

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8
Q

30-90 degrees elevation most active muscle

A

deltoid

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9
Q

0-30 degrees elevation most active muscle

A

supraspinatus

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10
Q

above 90 degrees elevation most active muscle

A

serratus and upper trap

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11
Q

Medial winging - serratus is most commonly seen in

A

90 degrees+ flexion

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12
Q

Lateral winging - is most commonly seen in

A

ranges of 90+ abduction

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13
Q

C2 dermatome coverage

A

temple forehead occiput

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14
Q

C4 dermatome coverage =

A

above clavicles

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15
Q

C5 dermatome coverage =

A

lateral shoulder anterior arm

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16
Q

Nipple level

A

T4

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17
Q

Superfical sensation

A

via skin and subcutaneous tissues

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18
Q

Pain temp and light touch are what kind of sensation

A

superficial sensation

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19
Q

Deep sensation

A

muscle tendon fascia

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20
Q

Kinestheisia and proprioception are examples of what kind of sensation

A

deep sensation

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21
Q

Cortical sensation

A

combination of superficial and deep sensation

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22
Q

Examples of cortical sensation

A

sterognosis
2 point discrimination
barognosis
Localization of tactile touch

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23
Q

Combined cortical sensations are carried by

A

DCML

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24
Q

Lateral spinothalamic tract cxarries

A

pain and temp (superficial sensations)

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25
Q

FIne vs crude touch

A

fine - localized (anterior spinothalamic)
crude - non localized (lateral spinothalamic)

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26
Q

GCS - Eyes - 4

A

ESPN- Eye Opening
E eye opening spontaneously -4
S eye opening to sound -3
P eye opening to pain -2
N No response -1

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27
Q

GCS - Motor - 6

A

Can’t Live without FrENDs - Motor Response
Obeys Commands- 6
Localizes pain - 5
Withdraws from Pain - 4
Flexion to pain (decorticate)- 3
Extension to pain (decerebrate) - 2
None- 1

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28
Q

GCS - Verbal - 5

A

Our Country Wins
Oriented - 5
Confused - 4
Inappropriate words - 3
Incomprehensible sounds - 2
No response -1

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29
Q

Less than 8 on GCS

A

severe

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30
Q

13-15 GCS

A

mild

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31
Q

9-12 GCS

A

mod

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32
Q

mod GCS

A

9-12

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33
Q

mild GCS

A

13-15

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34
Q

severe GCS

A

less than 8

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35
Q

Best auscultation site for S3 heart sounds

A

mitral valve - L 5th mid clavicular space

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36
Q

Best auscultation site for S2 heart sounds

A

pulmonary sound

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37
Q

RPE scale way to remember

A

start at 9 and 50% then add 5 for every increase
9= 50%
10=55%
11=60%
12=65%
13=70%
14=75%
15=80%
16=85%
17=90%
18=95%
19=100%

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38
Q

Denervated heart = increased or decreased resting HR

A

increased

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39
Q

Denervated heart effects on exercise

A

delayed HR increase
slower decrease in HR - return to resting
increased resting HR
decreased maximum HR

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40
Q

Stages of lipedema

A

Stage I: skin surface smooth, subcutaneous fat thickened, fat structure fine-
knotted

Stage II: Skin surface uneven, fat structure coarsely knotted

Stage III: Tissue additionally coarser and harder, large lobed deforming fat lobes

Stage IV: Additional severe lipolymphedema

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41
Q

Cellulitis is more common with lymphedema or lipedema

A

lymphedema

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42
Q

Pain on pressure: lymphedema or lipedema

A

lipedema

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43
Q

CE MI PONS MEDU

A

CE = 1,2
MI = 3,4
PONS = 5,6,7,8
MEDU = 9,10,11,12

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44
Q

Causes of short step length

A

FLOP - hip flexor tightness results in shorter step on opposite side
glute max contracture on same side

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45
Q

FLOP

A

Flexor tightness opposite side - step length reduced

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46
Q

High ankle sprain - tibiofibular sprain

A

syndesmosis squeeze test (Hopkins test)

pain distal tib fib joint

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47
Q

Anteiror drawer in 0 DF

A

posterior TFL

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48
Q

Anterior drawer in 20 PF

A

ATFL

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49
Q

Blumbergs sign

A

rebound tenderness

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50
Q

Appendicitis sympotms

A

RLQ epigastric pain
colicky to contant pain as progresses
rebound tenderness (Blumbergs sign)

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51
Q

Mcburneys point location

A

1/3 between ASIS and umbilicus

closer to ASIS

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52
Q

Obturator sign

A

RLQ pain with IR of hip in 90/90

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53
Q

Rovsing sign

A

Press into LLQ - pain in RLQ

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54
Q

Pinch and inch test

A

Pinch 1 in of tissue in RLQ

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55
Q

Murphys sign - gallbadder

A

deeply inhale, palpate under ribs, exhale

if gallbladder presses into hand = pain

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56
Q

Murphys sign - kidney

A

closed fist - thrust with other hand to kidney (12th rib)

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57
Q

Murphys sign - hand

A

lunate dislocation

make a fist - if all knuckles are in line = positive

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58
Q

Referred pain patterns - to testes

A

ureter

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59
Q

Referred pain patterns - to shoulderblade

A

gallbladder

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60
Q

Referred pain patterns - to umbilicus

A

pancreas

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61
Q

Referred pain patterns - to L shoulder

A

diaphragm
heart

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62
Q

Referred pain patterns - to R shoulder

A

liver
gallbladder
R lung
peptic ulcer
head of pancreas

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63
Q

Head of pancreas pain

A

R shoulder

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64
Q

Cullen sign

A

periumbilical ecchymosis

acute pancreatitis

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65
Q

Kehrs sign

A

pain referred to the left shoulder on gentle palpation of the abdomen when the patient is lying down with legs elevated

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66
Q

Hiatial hernia pain

A

L shoulder

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67
Q

Thorax wrapping anteirorly pain is called

A

flank pain

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68
Q

RLQ pneumonic

A

AC

appendix
chrons

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69
Q

LUQ pneumonic

A

Don’t banana split

(diaphragm, body and tail of pancreas, spleen)

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70
Q

RUQ pneumonic

A

good luck hot pack

(gallbladder, liver, head of pancreas, peptic ulcer)

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71
Q

FIM scale

A

1-7

1= dependent (patient participates less than 25%)
2 = maxA (patient participates 25-50%)
3 = modA (patient participates 50-75%)
4 = minA (patient participates 75% or greater)
5 = supervision (cuing, setup, guarding = CGA)
6 = modI - IND w/ AD
7 = IND

Qs can be asked both ways - pt participation or PT assist

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72
Q

SLR sural bias

A

ankle DF IV

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73
Q

SLR tibial bais

A

ankle DF EV
toe extension

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74
Q

TED SID PIP

A

Tibial - Eversion - DF
Sural - Inversion - DF
Peroneal - Inversion - PF

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75
Q

XRAY view needed for spondy

A

oblique view

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76
Q

Low TSH =

A

hyperthyroidsim

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77
Q

High T3/T4

A

hyperthyroidsim

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78
Q

Hyperthyroidsim signs

A

increased HR causes decrease BP
Muscle weakness and atrophy
heat intolerance
high metabolic rate
increased glucose absorption
restlessness
insomnia
increased appetite and weight loss
increased perspiration
hyperreflexia
exopthalomos

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79
Q

Hypothyroidsim signs

A

decreased HR
increased BP
low BMR weight gain
cold intolereance
decreased glucose absorption
sleepiness, prox muscle weak
constipation
brittle hair nails
prolonged DTR - they move slow and prolonged
myxedema

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80
Q

Cardiovascular changes with aquatic therapy

A

you pass your exam and go on vacation =
decreased HR and BP
but you’re happy so your happy heart = increased stroke volume and CO

hydrostatic pressure makes heart more efficient

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81
Q

Pulm changes with aquatic therapy

A

hydrostatic pressure =

decreased lung expansion
increased work of breathing
decreased VC IRV

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82
Q

% WB thorax exposed

A

33%

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83
Q

% WB head exposed

A

10%

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84
Q

% WB at ASIS

A

50

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85
Q

MS is categorized as UMN/LMS

A

UMN

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86
Q

MS vs ALS

A

MS pain - UMN
ALS no pain, UMN+LMN, pure motor

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87
Q

disuse atrophy =

A

UM

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88
Q

Primary progressive MS

A

steadily worsening from the onset no periods of relapse or remission

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89
Q

Relapsing remitting MS

A

periods of attacks and remission

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90
Q

Secondary progressive

A

initially relapsing remitting and transitions to primary progressive

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91
Q

Progressive relapsing

A

most dangerous

steadily worsening from start with periods of attacks

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92
Q

COPD gold stage 1

A

mild

FEV1 80%+

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93
Q

FEV1/FVC ratio less than 70%

A

obstructive disease

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94
Q

COPD gold stage 2

A

moderate
FEV1 50-79%
SOA with exerction

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95
Q

COPD gold stage 3

A

severe
FEV1 30-49%

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96
Q

COPD gold stage 4

A

very severe
FEV1 less than 30%

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97
Q

MAM R U

A

ULTT 1 Median - AIN
ULTT 2 Median - Musculocutanoeus
ULTT 3 - Radial
ULTT 4 - Ulnar

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98
Q

Independent sliding board transfers

A

C6 - wrist extension creates tenodesis grasp

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99
Q

Independent pressure relief

A

C6 - lat dorsi innervated can compensate for lack of triceps

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100
Q

BROWN - POT

A

Brown sequard
Pain OPP side Temp Opp side

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101
Q

Motor pain and temp loss below level - bilateral

A

anterior cord syndrome

DCML spared - proprioception , vibration, 2 point discrimination, fine touch

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102
Q

Posteiror cord syndrome

A

bilateral loss of DCML

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103
Q

MUD - E

A

Central cord
motor more than sensory
UE>LE
hyperExtension

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104
Q

Pressure ulcer stages

A

Stage 1 - non blanchable redness - when you press it doesnt go away
Stage 2 - superfical partial thickness wound
Stage 3 - full thickness wound involving subcu tissue (3 - FAT)
Stage 4 - full thickness with bone or tendon exposed 4- BONE)

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105
Q

Pressure relief in wheelchair

A

once every 15-20 mins

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106
Q

Waxy white burn

A

deep partial thickness

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107
Q

Burn classificaiton: no pain or pressure

A

Full thickness burn - third degree

charred or tan leathery apperance

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108
Q

Sensitive to pressure but not to light or pinprick touch

A

deep partial thickness - 2nd degree

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109
Q

Protocol THA Phase 1

A

max protection
WBAT
precautions
ankle pumps
UE strengthening
Avoid hip flex contracture

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110
Q

3 things needed to use parametric test

A

normal distribution
ratio or interval data
sample size 30+

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111
Q

Anterior hip precautions

A

adduction extension ER

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112
Q

Chi square used with

A

nominal data

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113
Q

Thomas test - psoas tightness

A

hip flexion only

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114
Q

Thomas test - rectus femoris tightness

A

extended knee

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115
Q

Thomas test - biceps femoris tightness

A

lateral rot of tibia

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116
Q

Elys test

A

prone knee flexion tests rectus

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117
Q

Increase in PR interval only

A

normal PR interval is .12-.20 so prolonged would likely be higher than .20

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118
Q

Hypocalcemia EKG

A

prolonged QT interval

Baby is a QT - baby cries prolonged without calcium

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119
Q

Hypercalcemia EKG

A

QT interval shortned because baby (the QT) has lots of milk

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120
Q

Hypokalemia

A

decrease T wave
ST depression

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121
Q

Interventions are what kinds of variable

A

I for an I

Independent for Intervention

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122
Q

Outcome measures are … variables

A

dependent variables

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123
Q

Contact precautions

A

MRSA Cdiff VRE Lice Scabies

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124
Q

Gram negative bacterias are what precaution

A

contact

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125
Q

HEP A and B precautions

A

Contact

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126
Q

Strep A precaution

A

droplet

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127
Q

Pertussis precaution

A

droplet

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128
Q

uhthoff phenomenon

A

MS worse in hot weather

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129
Q

Precautions postural drainage

A

pulm edema
hemoptysis
ascites
pleural effusion
massive obestiy

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130
Q

Contraindications postural drainage

A

increased intracranial pressure
hemodynamically unstable
spinal fusion
head trauma

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131
Q

Ranchos Level 4 interventions

A

they do not have carryover from previous sessions so orient them and consistent schedule

used closed ended questions

prepare multiple activites and give options - impulsive

be calm

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132
Q

New Girl Looks Cute in a CO-IN and CAP-APP

A

No response
Generalized
Localized
Confused - Agitates
Confused - inappropriate

Appropriate
Confused
Automatic
Purposeful

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133
Q

Forward sway muscles active with hip strategy

A

concentric abdominals and quads

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134
Q

Forward sway ankle strategy

A

eccentric contraction of posteirior muscles - gastroc, paraspinals and hamstrings

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135
Q

Backward sway ankle strategy

A

eccentric tibA quads abdominals

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136
Q

Backward sway muscles active with hip strategy

A

concentric paraspinals and hamstrings

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137
Q

When to use distributed practice

A

strok, SCI, MS, post polio

anytime that fatigue is an issue

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138
Q

Procedural learning

A

tasks performed without thinking

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139
Q

Declarative learning

A

concious recall of information such as names states facts dates etc

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140
Q

Performing exercises w/ lymphedema

A

proximal joints to distal

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141
Q

Ionto for hyperhydrosis

A

use water - neutral

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142
Q

Ionto for pain

A

options
salicylate - negative
lidocaine - positive
xylocaine - positive

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143
Q

Ionto for calcification

A

acetate/acetic acid
negative

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144
Q

Ionto for inflamm

A

dexamethasone
negative

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145
Q

Ionto for scars

A

iodine
negative

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146
Q

Ionto for dermal ulcers

A

zinc oxide
positive

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147
Q

Ionto for fungal infection

A

think green penny

copper - positive

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148
Q

Ionto for muscle spasm

A

calcium - positive
magnesium - positive

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149
Q

Burns with ionto most commonly occur with

A

negative polarity

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150
Q

Opening restriction =

A

pop top -

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151
Q

Closing restriction

A

bottoms up

work on bottom segment

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152
Q

Hip contracture position

A

flexion and adduction

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153
Q

Intrinsic plus position

A

resting hand splint

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154
Q

Class 1 compression garment

A

20-30 mmHg
used for mild lymphedema
UE
fragile skin or elderly

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155
Q

Class 2 compression garments

A

30-40 mmhG
stage 2 lymph
min compression neeeded for LE

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156
Q

min compression neeeded for LE

A

30-40 mmHg

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157
Q

40-50 mmHg would be used for

A

LE

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158
Q

Low anterior thigh wall

A

acts like weak quad

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159
Q

Low lateral wall

A

weak abductors

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160
Q

Low walls vs high walls prosthetics

A

low walls = weak muscles

high walls = tight muscles

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161
Q

How to assess diastasis recti

A

lift head progress toward shoulders and scapula

if split is greater than 2cm - protect abdominal musculature and progress head lifts

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162
Q

Disk protrusion % lumbar traction

A

25% body weight

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163
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea involves which sided heasrt failure

A

L

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164
Q

Naming torticollis

A

side of muscle tightness

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165
Q

Oblique - ipsilateral rotators

A

internal = Ipsilatearl

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166
Q

Oblique contralateral rotators

A

external

C is close to E

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167
Q

Ex. rolling to supine from R sidelying - oblique action

A

left IO right EO

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168
Q

Difference in axle bariatric WC

A
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169
Q

Difficulty propelling WC solution

A
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170
Q

Move front casters back =

A

closer to patient COM

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171
Q

Person in bariatric WC has more weight placed

A

anterior

solution is to displace rear axle forward

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172
Q

OLD FEN

A

Motor response GCS
Obeys command
Localized pain - moves
Draws away (flex) from pain
Flexion
Extension
None

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173
Q

Medial epicondylitis most commonly affects

A

FCR and pronator teres

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174
Q

R optic nerve lesion

A

blindness of R eye

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175
Q

R optic tract lesion

A

Homonymous hemianopsia with blindless on L sides

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176
Q

Cannot do the task with cueing but can without being watched

A

ideomotor

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177
Q

APGAR Slow and irregular

A

1

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178
Q

APGAR Cry

A

2

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179
Q

APGAR Active movement

A

2

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180
Q

APGAR Flexed arms and legs

A

1

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181
Q

Bouchard nodules

A

OA nodules at PIP

PIP in GB

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182
Q

Fall risk on POMS

A

less than 19

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183
Q

Fall risk on FGA

A

less than 22

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184
Q

Fall risk on TUG

A

30+

most can finish less than 10
11-20 normal for elderlyNOr

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185
Q

Normal TUG for elderly

A

11-20

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186
Q

In ABG question if no values are within normal it is

A

partially compensated

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187
Q

axial load + IR/ER in 160 degrees elevation

A

crank test

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188
Q

Crank test is perfomred in … elvevation

A

160

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189
Q

AC Shear test positive

A

abnormal movemenet or pain

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190
Q

Rhabdo signs

A

dark brown urine
CK

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191
Q

decreased bone desity = increase or decreased bouyancy in water

A

increased

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192
Q

Renal dysfunction = increased or decreased urine output

A

decreased

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193
Q

S1 vs tibial nerve pathology

A

S1 sensation supplies lateral foot, tibial supplies sole of foot

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194
Q

Color of deep partial thickness burns

A

mixed red/waxy white

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195
Q

US depth for shoulder capsule

A

deep 1 mHz

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196
Q

Diagnostic studies =

A

cross sectional

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197
Q

Suprapubic tapping is best for

A

spastic bladder

this will not work for flaccid bladder as there is no reflex arc available

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198
Q

Platelet count less than 10000

A

no exercise
10-20 bike no resistance
20000 bike + therex

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199
Q

Pain with food or within 30 mins-1 hour after=

A

gastric ulcer
Gastric=Food

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200
Q

Pain inbetween meals 2-3 hours after

A

duodenal ulcers
Empty=Duodenal

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201
Q

IRs of the shoulder

A

subscapularis, lat, pec minor

concentric phase of throwing

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202
Q

fall risk functional reach test

A

less than 10 in

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203
Q

Supine development peds

A

2-3
3-5 months touch knees
5-7 months touch toes to mouth

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204
Q

Cancer stages

A

0 - in situ
1 - at tissue
2 adjacent tissue + lymph
3 deep tissue + lymph
4 beyond origin + lymph

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205
Q

How to remember HCt values

A

Hemoglobin x3
Males 13-18 x3 = 39-54%
Females 12-16 x3 = 36-48%

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206
Q

Angry folks have HF - wound absorption

A

alginate
foam
hydrocolloid
hydrogel
film

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207
Q

Angry folks have HF - wound absorption

A
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208
Q

Signs of supraspinatus tendonitis

A

pec minor tightness = anterior tilt of scap
upward migration of HH
painful arc

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209
Q

Gaenslen test

A

positive for a SIJ lesion, hip pathology, pubic synthesis instability, or an L4 nerve root lesion.

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210
Q

Laceration to back of hand =

A

sensory loss only in distribution of radial nerve (dorsum of thumb)

motor is done by everything proximal to wrist

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211
Q

child collapses = first action

A

30:2 CPR followed by activating EMS if alone

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212
Q

Complications of NSAIDs

A

vasoconstrictors = increased BP and peripheral edema
abdominal pain, melena (dark stool)

213
Q

Dilated pupils biltaerally =

A

CN 2

CN 3 if ipsilaterally

214
Q

Cyanosis, confusion, diaphoresis, restlessness, hypoventilation

A

resp acidosis

215
Q

hyperventilation, lightheaded, dizzy, syncope, muscle cramps

A

resp alkalosis

216
Q

metabolic alkalosis results in compensatory

A

hypoventilation

217
Q

metabolic acidosis results in compensatory

A

hyperventilation, cardaic arrythmias, hyperkalemia

218
Q

Weak PF gait deviations

A

decreased pushoff and shortened contralateral step length

219
Q

Conversion disorder

A

person actually thinks theyre sick and weakn blind etc

treat with CBT

220
Q

Malingering

A

made up symptoms
for secondary gain

221
Q

Mandatory reporter

A

must report cases to CPS

222
Q

Modify exercises in this progression

A

intensity
duration
frequency

223
Q

Pressure tolerant areas

A

Patellar tendon
Medial lateral tibia
Fibulae shaft or neck

Intolerant
Fib head
Tibial crest and condyles
Distal tibia

224
Q

softer heel cushion =

A

increased loading response

225
Q

Normal GFR

A

90-120

kidney filure is below 15

226
Q

Damage to peduendal nerve -

A

stress incontinence

227
Q

pudendal nerve

A

carries motor and sensory from S2-4 sacral spianl nerve

228
Q

Functional incontinence

A

impaired cognition or physical functioning - cannot get to toilet but bladder works fine

229
Q

Overflow bladder

A

non contractile overflow due to prostate enlargement or areflexive bladder

230
Q

When you are resting and holding pee your detrusor muscle is and pelvic floor is

A

relaxed
contracted

231
Q

BPH pain or no pain

A

no pain

232
Q

Motor function is preserved below the neurologic level, but …. of the key muscles below the neurologic level have a muscle grade

A

more than half
less than 3

233
Q

Crede method

A

manial pressure to lower abdomen to empty bladder

234
Q

NLOI

A

most caudal segment with both normal light touch and pinprick
+
at least 3/5 motor on both sides of body

235
Q

Lower GI stool

A

black coffee color

236
Q

COlon stool

A

blood

237
Q

Better with lean forward and sitting up; worse laying down

A

pancreatic cancer
Pancreatitis

Makes sense because they are both pancreatic conditions

238
Q

Signs of increased hemoglobin

A

dehydration and shock

239
Q

Signs of decreased hemoglobin

A

tachycardia, decreased exercise tolerance, fatigue

240
Q

INR 2.5

A

be cautious

241
Q

INR 2.5-4

A

risk for hemoarthosis - bleeding into joint

242
Q

INR 4-6

A

no therapy - maybe bed rest

243
Q

Less than 10,000 platelet

A

no go

244
Q

10-20,000 platelet

A

basic ADLs only

245
Q

20-30,000 platelet

A

light exercises

246
Q

30-50,000 platelets

A

submax, AROM, avoid resistance

247
Q

Normal potassium

A

3.5-5

low potassium creates heart arrythmias and cramping

248
Q

ESR normal values

A

less than 15 male
less than 20 female

249
Q

prothrombin time

A

12-15

high prothrombin time = liver damage because liver makes clotting proteins

250
Q

Psoatic limp

A

flexion ER adduction

251
Q

AROM limitations LCP vs SCFE

A

extension and abduction - LCP

abduction, flexion, IR - SCFE

252
Q

Normal sodium values

A

135-145

253
Q

Normal calcium

A

8.4-10.4

254
Q

Normal magnesium

A

1.8-2.4

255
Q

Hyperkalemia is associated with metabolic

A

acidosis

256
Q

Symptoms of hypercalcemia

A

fatigue confusion increased urination cardiac arrhythmia

257
Q

Goldthwaits test

A

lumbar spine vs SIJ

place hand under interspinous space and perform SLR

if pain occurs before interspace movement = SIJ

258
Q

Gillets test

A

Palpate S2 and PSIS on side the knee is flexed

normally should move inferior to S2
if moves minimally joint is hypomobile

259
Q

Transient osteoporosis can be associated with pregnancy

A

third trimester

260
Q

How many minutes of ice for spasticity

A

30 mins

261
Q

Trunk curl ups are contraindicated for rectus diastisis ….

A

more than 2 finger widths

262
Q

First degree flat foot
Second degree
third degree

A

navicular drop 1/3 to floor
2/3
on floor

263
Q

Burn scale for scattered burns

A

hand method

264
Q

Primary repair

A

first 12-24 hours,

265
Q

delayed primary surgery

A

within the first 10 days

266
Q

Functional capacity of a C8 spinal cord injury

A

able to transfer from floor into wheelchair

267
Q

SCI level independent with driving a car with adaptive controls.;

A

C5

268
Q

Closed packed posotion hip

A

extension abductoin IR

269
Q

Meds that give OP with long term use

A

corticosteriods
coumadin/aspirin/heparin

270
Q

On off time traction

A

60 on 20 off

271
Q

On off time for muscle spasms

A

10 on 10 off - fatigues muscle

272
Q

On off time russian

A

10 on 30 off

273
Q

Blanching with. brisk refill

A

superficial

ex sunburn

2-7 day heal

274
Q

Redness and blistering, appears wet and weeping

no scarring

extremely painful

blanching with brisk refill

mod edema

A

superficial partial thickness

275
Q

Blanching with slow refill
red waxy white
sensitive to pressue but not light touch or pinprick

lots of edema
will result in extensive scarring

A

deep partial thickness

276
Q

No blanching
white or charred brown leathery appearance
no pain or pressure

A

full thickness

277
Q

High risk on Braden

A

12 or less

278
Q

Mod risk on Braden

A

13-14

279
Q

Low risk on Braden

A

15-18

280
Q

Rubor of dependency test

seen with

A

arterial wounds

elevate leg to 60 degrees for 1 min, hang off bed

color should return within 15 seconds

if takes longer or foot turn bright red = arterial insufficiency

281
Q

Normal capillary refill

A

less than 3 seconds

282
Q

Options for ABI of ankle

A

dorsalis pedis or posterior tib artery

283
Q

ABI with venous insufficiency

A

high

284
Q

Compression pumps for venous ulcer pressure

A

45-60 mmHg

285
Q

Interventions for Arterial insufficiency

A

walk until symptoms arise
manage BP cholesterol risk factors etc

286
Q

Wound dressing for little to no drainage

A

transparent film

287
Q

Wounds with mild exudate or partial thickness

A

hydrocolloid

288
Q

Wounds with necrosis and sliugh

partial and full thickness

dry wounds

A

hydrogel

289
Q

Induration

A

very hard and swollen

290
Q

Subscapular nerve innervates

A

teres major

291
Q

Axillary nerve innervates what 2 muscles

A

deltoid and teres minor

292
Q

Subscap innervation

A

upper and lower subscapular nerve

293
Q

Suprascapular nerve innervates

A

supra and infraspinatus
There’s major

294
Q

Weakness or insufficient recruitment of pelvic muscles results in sustained posture of SI joint

A

counternutation

295
Q

Anterior pelvic tilt results in what motion of sacrum

A

counternutation

296
Q

The ideal amount of time for therapeutic heating effects heat

A

20-30 mins

297
Q

What does laying supine while preganant lead to?

A

Increase in inferior vena cava pressure = decrease in venous return and cardiac output

298
Q

Increased IR rotation during swing

A

caused by weakness of hip ER

tight IT band

299
Q

Normal RR rate adult

A

12-20

300
Q

Normal RR rate elementary kid (8-12 yr)

A

20-30

301
Q

Normal RR rate toddler (1-3 yr)

A

25-40

302
Q

Normal RR infant (less than 1 yr)

A

30-60

303
Q

Why does hypothyroidism present with …

A

decreased cerebral blood flow = slowed neurologic functions, reduced peristaltic activity leading to constipation and decreased appetite, decreased circulation = cold intolerance

304
Q

TibA innervation

A

L4-5

305
Q

Can PTs recommend med changes if its OTC

A

No

306
Q

Aspirin vs Tylenol

A

Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and Tylenol is an analgesic NOT an NSAID

307
Q

Jugular vein distension

A

R sided HF

think flow backs up

308
Q

Excessive hip adduction IR upon landing =

A

ACL - quad action in flexed valgus position put inordinate load

309
Q

MOI PCL

A

hyperflexion or extension

310
Q

Oblique popliteal ligament

A

prevents hyperextension
anteromedial tibia rotation

311
Q

10 meter walk test

A

measures gait speed

mark 2 meters 6 meters 2 meters
have patient start walking and start timer at the 2 meter point stop at 8 - only measures gait speed through middle 6 meters

can use AD

312
Q

Positive venous filling time

A

less than 15 seconds

due to venous reflux

313
Q

Positive rubor dependency test

A

greater than 15 seconds

314
Q

Stage 1 lymphedema is better in

A

morning

315
Q

What type of compression garment for lymphedema

A

phase 2 - flat knit

316
Q

L5 nerve root DTR

A

hamstrings

317
Q

Trigger foods GERD

A

acidic (coffee)
chocolate alcohol
fatty

318
Q

Slipping of the iliopsoas tendon

A

snapping at lesser trochanter or anterior acetabulum

45° of flexion to extension w hip abducted and ER

319
Q

Large muscle group NMES

A

35-80 pps
200-350 microseconds large

For small 150-200

320
Q

Difficulty with initiation of movement

A

basal ganglia

321
Q

hip/groin pain, limited IR, flexion, and abduction

A

hip dysplasia

322
Q

Smaller in stature and may have limb length discrepancies, hip abductor weakness, antalgic gait

A

LCP

323
Q

adolescent, antalgic gait and a laterally (externally) rotated lower extremity, obese

A

SCFE

324
Q

Efficacy

A

extent to which an intervention produces a desired outcome under ideal conditions

325
Q

extent to which an intervention produces a desired outcome under ideal conditions

A

Efficacy

326
Q

extent to which an intervention produces a desired outcome under usual clinical conditions.

A

Effectiveness

327
Q

Efficacy vs effectiveness

A

Efficacy = ideal conditions
Effectiveness = actual conditions

327
Q

OPP shoulder =

… flexion
… abduction

A

30
60

328
Q

Too much friction at prosthetic knee = gait deviation

A

circumducted

329
Q

Afib that is contraindicated vs ok to treat

A

new onset 100+ bpm = no go
managed chronic under 100 bpm = ok

330
Q

Orthotic management scoliosis cobb angle

A

25° to 45°

331
Q

cobb angle for spinal fusion

A

40 degrees

332
Q

Rocker bottom shoe

A

takes weight off toes and more weight through heel

333
Q

CHF and aquatic therapy

A

must be monitored closely due to immersion and increase in volume overload that could happen

334
Q

PEDI

A

limitations in participation

has a section for caregiver assistance

335
Q

SFA

A

assess performance w school tasks

336
Q

Signs of spinal shock

A

inability to sweat
areflexia
hypotension

337
Q

Signs of PE

A

tachycardia
tachypnea
decreased O2sat

338
Q

What is a hiatal hernia

A

stomach protrudes through diapragm

339
Q

Glossopharyngeal breathing

A

C3-4 partial diaphragm

340
Q

Pusher syndrome treatment

A

ask them to find midline then reward them with success

physically pushing them back is only going to make them push harder

remember, pusher syndrome is a postural/perceptual issue, not muscular

341
Q

Hypoproteinemia less than 2 g/dL
ABI less than .6

A

contraindication for compression pump

342
Q

MG affects women when

A

20-30

men 50+

343
Q

MG affects men when

A

50+

women 20-30

344
Q

Molymyalgia rheumatica common age

A

80+

345
Q

Central slip vs distal slip/tendon of extensor digitorum

A

central = PIP
distal -DIP

346
Q

Compensations w measuring forearm pronation

A

shoulder abduction and IR

347
Q

Compensations w measuring forearm supination

A

shoulder adduction and ER

348
Q

Anemia is associated with what comorbidity

A

CKD - decreased RBC lifespan and erythropoetin production

349
Q

Babinski sign tests what tract

A

corticospinal tract

350
Q

Tetraplegia - you want them to have … hamstrings and … lower trunk

A

flexible hamstrings to 100 for long sitting
tight trunk for sitting stability

351
Q

How to increase neural tension with SLR

A

adduct and IR hip
flex cervical spine
obviously DF

352
Q

Glute med innercation

A

L4-S1

353
Q

Weak hip flexors (L2) results in what gait deviation

A

ER of hip to use adductors as flexors

354
Q

Glute max innervation

A

L5-S2

355
Q

Aortic aneurysm pain referral

A

lower abdomen and back

356
Q

Pancreatic pain

A

epigastric and LUQ

357
Q

FDS paralyisis results in

A

swan neck

358
Q

3 muscles innervated by AIN

A

FDP
FPL
pronator quad

359
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

fluid collection within pericardium

360
Q

Cardiovascular changes with elevation

A

initially everything increases
Head ball coach Colorado

increase HR
BP
CO
except SV normal

361
Q

Valsalva CV effects

A

increased ab pressure
increases BP and venous pressure - due to decreased blood flow to heart
decreased HR

362
Q

Dangers of Valsalva

A

on relaxation, blood rushes to cardiac system and overloads

363
Q

Infant normal BP

A

75/50

364
Q

Infant normal HR

A

120

365
Q

Child normal HR

A

80-140

366
Q

large diameter or small diameter fibers are activated first during estim

A

LARGE

367
Q

Hydrocolloids can be used with what stage wound

A

Stage 2 and 3 - minimal drainage

368
Q

Transparent films only used with stage

A

1 and 2

369
Q

Shunt dysfunction vs tethered cord

A

Shunt - lethargy irritability vomiting headache seizures
cord - spasticity buttock pain weak leg muscles

370
Q

Back pain with SLR =

A

central lesion

371
Q

Leg pain with SLR =

A

lateral disc herniation

372
Q

Insidious vs acute

A

insidious =comes on gradually with maybe no symptoms at first

373
Q

Obturator nerve innervates

A

adductors
-longus
-brevis
-gracilis

+ obturator externus (adductor/ER)

374
Q

Sitting in chair knee flexion needed

A

80 degrees

375
Q

Knee flexion needed to tie shoes in sitting

A

105

376
Q

Limited MTP mobility orthotic

A

Metatarsal bar to transfer stress to shaft and off joint

377
Q

PF MMT

1 rep

A

3/5

378
Q

PF MMT
2-24 reps

A

4/5 good

379
Q

PF MMT
4/5 good

A

2-24 reps

380
Q

PF MMT
25 reps

A

5/5

381
Q

Safe and effective strengthening for osteoporosis

A

back extensor

382
Q

Why do OA knee pain shift weight to same side

A

to decrease load on medial compartment of knee e]

383
Q

Loose packed superior/prox radioulnar joint

A

35° of supination and 70° elbow flexion

383
Q

Shoulder exercises below 90 should be used for

A

acute phase shoulder impringement

384
Q

Picking object from the floor w/ prosthetic

A

unaffected extremity forward, WB through unaffected extremity while bending and reaching for the object on the floor

385
Q

Cryo can cause

A

increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

386
Q

Distal humerus fx nerve damage

A

ulnar or median nerve

mid humerus = radial nerve

387
Q

Superior gluteal nerve

A

glute med and min

388
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve

A

glute max

389
Q

Genitofemoral nerve

A

L1-2
sensory only

390
Q

Contraindications after UCL suregry

A

no ER

391
Q

acute, deep, and localized pain in the lower leg

A

stress fracture

392
Q

diffuse pain and tightness, relief of pain with rest and increase in pain with activity and stretching

A

compartment syndrome

393
Q

ACE inhibitors have an effect on HR T or F

A

False no effect

394
Q

ALS exercises

A

no resistance in patients with less than 3/5 - risk of overuse weakness

AROM, opassice, submax aerobics are all appropriate

395
Q

Why is aquatic therapy contraindicated with severe CKD

A

evere kidney disease due to the patient’s inability to adjust to fluid loss during immersion

396
Q

Presense of rheumatoid factor =

A

RA

397
Q

Absence of rheumatoid factor

A

OA

398
Q

Tracheal shift occurs to side of

A

less volume

toward involved side with
fibrosis, atelectasis, lobectomy,

more volume/pressure = deviation away (pleaural effusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax, tumor,

399
Q

Target INR for patient on warfarin/coumadin

A

2-3.5

400
Q

Lat MMT palm up or down

A

up

401
Q

Sliding board w/ assist

A

C5

402
Q

Manual WC with rim projections

A

C5

only short distance tho

403
Q

Muscles that can be weak with crutch use

A

radial nerve - elbow and wrist extensors

404
Q

Fibular translation test

A

high ankle sprain

405
Q

capsular pattern hip

A

IR>flex>abd

406
Q

Best way of increasing muscle length

A

US + stretching same time
US + stretching after
Heat + stretching

US goes depper than heat

407
Q

Coracoclavicular injury =

A

AC joint

408
Q

Post MI HR cap

A

70% HR max

409
Q

Restance training post MI

A

5 weeks
remain under 70% maxHR till 6 weeks

410
Q

Hyperresonant to percussion

A

more air

411
Q

Hyporesonent to percussion =

A

more fluid

412
Q

More fremitus (vibration)

A

more fluid

less fremitus = more air

413
Q

Brochiectasis =

A

obstructive

414
Q

standing or slow walk MET

A

1.5-2

415
Q

normal walk speed

A

1.2-1.4 m/s
3 mph

416
Q

normal walk MET

A

3-4 METS

417
Q

brisk walk MET

A

5-6

418
Q

jogging MET

A

7-8

419
Q

Normal BMI

A

18-25

420
Q

Overweight BMI

A

25-30

421
Q

Underweight BMI

A

18 or les

422
Q

Flexor hallicus longus and flexor digitorum longus innervation

A

tibial

423
Q

Gastroc short =

A

decreased ROM in extension
increased in flexion

424
Q

Pleural effusion results in … fremitus and … resonance

A

decreased
dull

425
Q

Return to sport quad to hamstring ratio

A

3:2

426
Q

Phase 3 cardiac rehab should inclusde restistance of

A

1-3 lbs or 30-50% 1 rep max

427
Q

FITT - obesity

A

greater than 5 days a week to max caloric expenditure
40-60 %VO2max

428
Q

Atelectasis vs pneumothorax

A

atelectasis = ALVEOLI collapse causing decreased lung volume , tracheal deviation toward

pneumothorax - collapse of lung - tracheal deviation away because of pressure buildup

429
Q

RA vs OA

A

OA - morning stiffness less than 1 hour, unilateral, large joints
RA - morning stiffness more than 1 hou, bilateral, small joints

430
Q

Adverse effects of diuretic

A

hypovolemia - decreased fluid = increased CO = excessive demand on heart

Orthostatics

431
Q

Fewer, better beats

A

digoxin - inhibits SNS

decreased HR, increased force of contraction

432
Q

Urokinase

A

clot buster

433
Q

Side effects statins

A

muscle weakness, pain, inflammation, tendon degeneration

434
Q

V1 EKG placement

A

4th IC space R of sternum

435
Q

V2 EKG placement

A

4th IC space L of sternum

436
Q

V4 EKG placement

A

5th IC space mid clavicular line

437
Q

V5 EKG placement

A

5th IC space axillary line

438
Q

V6 EKG placement

A

directly under armpit

439
Q

EKG one small box =

A

.04 sec

this means one large box is .2 sec

440
Q

Bigeminy and trigeminy

A

no exercise = 6 or more PVC in minute

441
Q

Heimlich for pregnant or obese

A

above stomach

442
Q

With CPR you want chest to rise but not

A

abdomen

443
Q

When do you change positions with CPR

A

every 5 cycles - taking no longer than 10 secs

444
Q

If ped has pulse (normal) but no breaths =

A

perform rescue breaths every 3-5 seconds (12-20 breaths/min)

if pulse is low less than 60 then give compressions

444
Q

If adult has pulse (normal) but no breaths =

A

perform rescue breaths every 6-8 seconds (10 breaths/min)

if pulse is low less than 60 then give compressions

445
Q

DGI fall risk

A

8 items scored 0-3
max sore 24

11+-4

446
Q

Meausrement point for FRT

A

closed fist - third metacarpal head

447
Q

TUG distance

A

3 meters

448
Q

POMA/Tinneti has

A

balance and gait components

max score 28

449
Q

High validity and reliability to determine exercise tolerance

A

6MWT

450
Q

Fugyl meyer

A

14 highest score
patients with hemiplegia

451
Q

If pt has DVT when can they early ambulate and compression

A

after starting blood thinners

452
Q

Pt on coumadin and has DVT =

A

ambulate amd compress

453
Q

Pt has DVT and no meds =

A

no ambulate or compression

454
Q

CHF class: marked limitation of physical activity

A

class 3

455
Q

CHF class: SLIGHT limitation of physical activity

A

class 2

456
Q

CHF class: inabiliy to carry out PA without discomfort limitation of physical activity

A

Class 4

457
Q

barely perceptible indentation on pitting edema scale

A

1+

458
Q

slight indentation less than 15 sec on pitting edema scale

A

2+

459
Q

deep indentation less than 30 sec on pitting edema scale

A

3+

460
Q

greater than 30 sec pitting edemax

A

4+

461
Q

Lower lobe lateral basal

A

20 in elevated
prone 1/4 turn
lower ribs percussion

462
Q

Lower lobe superior segment

A

bed flat pillow under stomach
percussion to tip of scapq

463
Q

Lower lobe posterior basal segment

A

20 in elevated
prone
lower ribs

464
Q

Horner syndrome sings

A

ptosis - eyelid drooping
miosis - pupil constriction

465
Q

Normal breathing patternxs

A

epigastric and chest wall expansion

466
Q

SCI ASIA A C8 breathing pattern

A

abdominal protrusion and chest wall retraction

467
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

repeated contractions = fatigue
can demonstrate normal MMT

NO SENSORY or REFLEX changes

468
Q

Concurrent validity

A

comparsion of scores test A and B - do they measure the same thing?

469
Q

Content validity

A

does the single test cover what it’s supposed to measure

470
Q

Face validity

A

does the test LOOK valuable

471
Q

Antacids prolonged =

A

execes bicarb = alkalosis

472
Q

Muscle weakness is more common with L/R sided HF

A

L - decreased BF

473
Q

Effects corticosteriods on blood sugar and blood pressure

A

increases

474
Q

Achy cramping dull pain

A

muscle

475
Q

Boring, deep, localized

A

bone

476
Q

throbbing, poor localized

A

vascular

477
Q

On/off time traction

A

60 sec and off for 20 seconds

478
Q

PT should check blood sugar how often during tx session

A

Every 30 mins

479
Q

Normal troponin levels

A

0-.03

480
Q

Normal levels C reactive protein

A

normal less than 3
pathology more than 3

481
Q

Fremitus for pneumonia
Fremitus for PulmEdema

A

increased
decreased

482
Q

Icy breath =

A

women MI

483
Q

delayed PR interval (greater than .2 sec) 1 big box =

A

1st degree AV block

484
Q

1 big EKG box is … sec

A

.2

485
Q

Inverted t wave represents left ventricular hypertrophy or ischemia

A
486
Q

venous capacitance

A

degree of active constriction of vessels. (mainly veins) which affects return of blood to the heart

487
Q

Noble compression test

A

sitting or supine, palpate lateral epicondyle and ACTIVELY extend knee - pain will be recreated approx 30 degrees knee flexion - point where IT band frictions over lateral epicondyle

488
Q

Goniometry landmarks cervical rotation

A

acromian process and nose

489
Q

red flag for size of mole - melanoma

A

6 mm

490
Q

Test for AnkSpondy

A

Schobers test

491
Q

Less than … cm increase in length with forward flexion: Schobers test

A

POsitive
5 cm

492
Q

Hawthorne effect

A

change behavior when being watched

493
Q

CAD/cardiac rehab exercise ratio - inpatient
- outpatinet

A

1:1
2:1

can work up to 5:1

494
Q

Jersey finger injury requires

A

referral to surgoen - necrosis can happen if prolonged unhealed

495
Q

Normal lymph node palpation

A

not palpable, to soft to firm
non tender
up to 1 cm diameter

496
Q

How to test orthostatics

A

supine sitting (after 2 mins) and standing (after 2 mins)

497
Q

Tenderness in lymph node

A

sign of infection inflammation or cancer

498
Q

Medicare covers people with … regardless of age

A

ESRD =

499
Q

Medicare part A vs B

A

A - hospital
B - outpatient

500
Q

If pt has Foley in, how should ghey perform hip flexion activities

A

in sitting - keeps bladder below

501
Q

Atrophic scar

A

sunken - acne type scarring

502
Q

When should brief intense TENS be used

A

prior to procedures to increase pain tolerance

rapid onset of relief compared to conventional

503
Q

initial cardiac rehab session patient reports chest pain, appears anxious, and wants to go back to bed to rest. What is the therapist’sBESTinitial course of action?

A

monitor vitals - not an emergency

504
Q

Medications that increase falls

A

antidepressants (Prozac, ZOloft)
Blood thinners (warfarin, aspirin)
BP meds obvi

505
Q

Mini BEST test

A

examines STS
compensatory postural control
sensory organization
gait

does not assess sitting balance or med mobility

506
Q

With patient that is hyperextending, inserting heel lift will

A

delay forefoot loading and allow the tibia to progress farther forward, thus increasing flexion at the knee by anteriorly tilting the tibia.

507
Q

Normal 2 point discrimination

A

less than 6 mm

508
Q

How to reverse claudicatation -

A

walking program mod intensity

moderate intensity, 30–60 min/day, 3–5 days/w

509
Q

CPR order adult

A

Call 911
Compressions
Airway
Breathing
AED

510
Q

Canadian C spine rules are highly

A

sensisiteve

511
Q

fibromyalgia (FM) typically do not tolerate

A

sustained overhead activities, vigorous or high-impact activities, and eccentric muscle contractions because they evoke pain

512
Q

Sessions for FM - time of day

A

afternoons because they have difficulty with gettign day started

513
Q

Level 4 Ranchos - agitated and tries to bite the therapist. What is the therapist’sBESTcourse of action?

A

calm down in this session

do not delay session

514
Q

Is CHF a medical emergency?

A

Not really, just call the physician and get them in ASAP

515
Q

CPR sequencing

A
516
Q

R middle and L lingular lobe positioning

A

supine 1/4 to opposite side

517
Q

MA

A
518
Q

Above T3 SCI maxHR

A

110-120

519
Q

Lymphatic system/venous system collection

A

10-20
80-90

520
Q

Most likely to increase BP -

A

isometric exercises

521
Q

Provocative positions for GERD

A

supine or jumping

522
Q

Least accurte form of temp reading

A

axillary bc its outside the body

523
Q

Serial casting only gains … degrees

A

5-7

524
Q

Used for population studies

A

z test

525
Q

Cause of metabolic alkalosis

A

vomiting
ingestion of antacids
diuretics = loss of volume

526
Q

Signs of metabolic alkalosis

A

weakness fasiculations and cramping convulsions

MY NPTE (22 decks)

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