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MY NPTE > Modalities > Flashcards

Modalities Flashcards

1
Q

Acetic acid

Polarity:
Use:

A

negative
calcification

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2
Q

What are the 4 positive ions for ionto therapy?

A

lidocaine
magnesium
zinc oxide
copper

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3
Q

What are the 4 negative ions for ionto therapy?

A

ISAD
Acetic acid
Iodine
Dexamethasone
Salicylates

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4
Q

Ion for muscle spasms

A

Calcium chloride (negative)
Magnesium sulfate (positive)

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5
Q

Magnesium sulfate ion

Polarity:
Use:

A

positive
muscle spasms

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6
Q

Copper sulfate ion

Polarity:
Use:

A

positive
fungal infections (athletes foot)

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7
Q

Dexamethasone

Polarity:
Use:

A

negative
inflammation

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8
Q

Iodine

Polarity:
Use:

A

negative
Adhesive capsulitis, softening scars

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9
Q

Zinc oxide

Polarity:
Use:

A

positive
bacteriocidal, used for dermal ulcer

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10
Q

Spacing of electrodes: farther apart =

A

deeper current

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11
Q

Paraffin bath temperature

A

125-127 F

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12
Q

Contrast bath temperature

A

104 F (hot) to 59 F (cold)
Hot 3-4 mins/cold 1 min

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13
Q

Weight for mechanical cervical traction

A

no more than 30 lbs

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14
Q

Weight for mechanical lumbar traction

A

25-65 lb

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15
Q

Position for herniated disk lumbar traction

A

prone w/o pillow under hips

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16
Q

Position for stenosis lumbar traction

A

90/90

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17
Q

Salicylate
Polarity:
Use:

A

negative
pain

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18
Q

Normal US head speed

A

4 cm/sec

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19
Q

Ultrasound coverage area

A

No more than 2-3x the size of the US head

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20
Q

“Non thermal” US - needs to be set to what parameters

A

20% or lower duty cycle + low intensity (.5-.75)

allows heat produced during the on time to be dispersed more during off time ➔ no net increase in temperature

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21
Q

Minimum % body weight for lumbar traction to overcome friction

A

25%

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22
Q

Lumbar traction parameters for separation

A

60-120 lbs/50% body weight for NO LONGER THAN 25 mins

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23
Q

Cervical traction parameters for separation

A

20-30 lbs (7%) body weight to cause separation

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24
Q

INITIAL lumbar traction parameters

A

30-40 lbs
to decrease spasm and determine patient tolerance

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25
Q

INITIAL cervical traction parameters

A

8-10 lbs

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26
Q

Do not exceed % with cervical traction

A

7

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27
Q

Do not exceed % with lumbar traction

A

50

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28
Q

Neck angle with cervical traction

A

0-5 degrees for upper cervical
10-20 for mid cervical
20 to 30 for lower cervical

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29
Q

Optimal duty cycle for mechanical traction

A

3:1
3 on to 1 off

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30
Q

Supine positioning for lumbar traction

A

foraminal stenosis

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31
Q

Prone positioning for lumbar traction

A

posterior herniated disc

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32
Q

Only times DC is used

A

Wound healing and ionto

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33
Q

Polarity for wound healing - infected, non healing wound

A

Negative

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34
Q

Heat transfer: convection

A

liquid or gas moves past a body part
ex. whirlpool, fluidotherapy

35
Q

Heat transfer: evaporation

A

vapocoolant spray

36
Q

Heat transfer: conversion

A

transfer of heat via energy
ex. ultrasound, diathermy

37
Q

Heat transfer: conduction

A

heat packs
parrafin

ex. transfer of heat between physical contact

38
Q

Physiological effects of cold

A

vasoconstriction
increases blood viscosity
increases muscle strength (short term)
decreases metabolic rate
decreases connective tissue extensibility
decreases HR/RR(think divers response)

39
Q

Physiological effects of heat

A

increases capillary permeability
vasodilation to tissues
decreases muscle spasm
increases tissue extensibility
increases pain threshold
increases respiratory rate

40
Q

Spasticity - use heat or cold

A

cold

41
Q

Cold compression unit should be set between …. degrees

A

50-59

42
Q

“CBAN” for cold application

A

Phases go:

Cold
Burning
Aching
Numb

43
Q

Physiological effects of heat

A

increases capillary permeability
increase oxygen uptake and metabolism
vasodilation to tissues
increases tissue extensibility
increases pain threshold
decreases muscle spasm

43
Q

Skin temp during cold application should remain above

A

59 degrees

44
Q

Physiological effects of heat

A

increases capillary permeability
vasodilation to tissues
decreases muscle spasm
increases tissue extensibility
increases pain threshold

45
Q

Physiological effects of heat

A

increases capillary permeability
vasodilation to tissues
decreases muscle spasm
increases tissue extensibility
increases pain threshold

45
Q

Copper sulfate ion

Polarity:
Use:

A
46
Q

Lidocaine

Polarity:
Use:

A

positive
pain

47
Q

Phonophoresis parameters

A

3 MHz
20% duty cycle
.5-.75 W/Cm
2-3x ERA

48
Q

Contraindications for ultrasound

A

malignancy
over pregnant uterus (other areas are ok)
joint cement
plastic
pacemaker
thrombophlebitis
sensory deficits
epiphyseal plates in children
infection

49
Q

Precautions for US

A

Acute inflammation
Epiphyseal
Fractures
Metal implants

50
Q

Does 100% duty cycle (continuous US) always provide thermal effects

A

not all the time, with a lower intensity (.5 W/cm) you could achieve non-thermal

51
Q

Goals of mechanical traction

A

decrease disc protrusion
decrease pain
increase joint mobility
increase muscle relaxation
promote blood flow

52
Q

Cervical traction parameters for muscle stretch

A

11-15 lbs

53
Q

Required space between electrodes

A

at least one electrode width of space between

54
Q

Maximum ionto intensity

A

4mA

55
Q

Normal ionto dosage in mA/mins

A

40-80 mA/mins

ex.
40 mA/min treatment would take 20 mins at 2mA/10 mins at 4mA(max) intensity

56
Q

Gate control therory of pain

A

presynaptic inhibition of C fibers (dull pain) and A-delta fibers (sharp pain) via activation of larger diameter (alpha A and B - motor, sensory)

this activates the substantia gelatinosa

57
Q

Conventional TENS parameters and usage

A

mainly for ACUTE pain via gate control theory

80-120 pps
50-100 ms
tends tp relieve pain quick, but short lived
low intensity to only stimulate sensory

58
Q

pps

A

frequency of individual contractions - the higher this number, the more “tingly” it feels

59
Q

Acupuncture-like TENS parameters and usage

A

For CHRONIC pain control via endogenous Opiate Release due to muscle contraction

1-5 pps
150-300 ms
tends to take longer to relieve pain, but has more lasting effects
high intensity to stimulate muscle contraction

60
Q

Russian ESTIM optimal duty cycle

A

1:5

61
Q

With ESTIM, what ratio for on/off (duty cycle) should be used for muscle spasms

A

1:1 (goal is fatigue the muscles out)

this differs from strength which is typically 1:3 or 1: 5
-gives more time for rest between contractions

62
Q

Polarity for wound healing - healthy, healing wound

A

positive

63
Q

HVPC parameters

A

50-200 pps
20-100 ms

For simplicity about 100 pps 100 Ms
twin peak monophasic current

If proliferating wound, use positive on wound, negative proximally

64
Q

Layers of towel for hot pack

A

6-8

65
Q

PT should check hot pack within

A

5 mins
greatest risk for burn

66
Q

Temperature of water for aquatic therapy

A

80-92 degrees

67
Q

psi for wound irrigation

A

4-15 psi

68
Q

Normal BNR

A

3:1 to 5:1

perfect beam would be 1:1
acceptable is less than 8:1

69
Q

Attenuation

A

reduction of energy as it passes from the US heat through to the tissues via absorption, reflexion, refraction

70
Q

Periosteal pain with ultrasound

A

sudden strong bone ache caused by overheat too quick

if this happens, stop treatment and apply more gel or decrease intensity

71
Q

Considerations for water application of US

A

keep head 1 cm from body part
wipe off air bubbles that form

72
Q

For intermittent pneumatic pump, why do you check BP?

A

this determines their pressure setting

73
Q

Pps needed for tetany

A

20-30

74
Q

Noxious stimulus TENS

A

highest intensity
long duration 250-1000ms
30-60 sec long

75
Q

NMES targets Type 1/2 muscle fibers

A

Type 2
Fatigue more quickly

76
Q

NMES parameters

A

35-50 pps
200-700 ms

77
Q

Typically, shorter or longer pulse durations are more comfortable for the patient

A

shorter for shorter muscles
longer for longer muscles

78
Q

Cold pack should be applied directly to the skin T/F

A

False; use a wet towel to dissipate the initial cooling effects

79
Q

CPM cycles per minute

A

2

80
Q

Large electrode vs small electrode

A

Large:
decreased density and impedance
increased current flow

Small:
increased density and impedance
decreased current flow

81
Q

If patient reports hot spot with US what are your immediate actions?

A

FIrst, move the soundhead away from the hotspot and continue treatment - see if it is still hot

Second, turn down intensity

MY NPTE (22 decks)

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