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Modalities Flashcards

1
Q

Acetic acid

Polarity:
Use:

A

negative
calcification

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2
Q

What are the 4 positive ions for ionto therapy?

A

lidocaine
magnesium
zinc oxide
copper

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3
Q

What are the 4 negative ions for ionto therapy?

A

ISAD
Acetic acid
Iodine
Dexamethasone
Salicylates

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4
Q

Ion for muscle spasms

A

Calcium chloride (negative)
Magnesium sulfate (positive)

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5
Q

Magnesium sulfate ion

Polarity:
Use:

A

positive
muscle spasms

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6
Q

Copper sulfate ion

Polarity:
Use:

A

positive
fungal infections (athletes foot)

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7
Q

Dexamethasone

Polarity:
Use:

A

negative
inflammation

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8
Q

Iodine

Polarity:
Use:

A

negative
Adhesive capsulitis, softening scars

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9
Q

Zinc oxide

Polarity:
Use:

A

positive
bacteriocidal, used for dermal ulcer

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10
Q

Spacing of electrodes: farther apart =

A

deeper current

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11
Q

Paraffin bath temperature

A

125-127 F

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12
Q

Contrast bath temperature

A

104 F (hot) to 59 F (cold)
Hot 3-4 mins/cold 1 min

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13
Q

Weight for mechanical cervical traction

A

no more than 30 lbs

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14
Q

Weight for mechanical lumbar traction

A

25-65 lb

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15
Q

Position for herniated disk lumbar traction

A

prone w/o pillow under hips

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16
Q

Position for stenosis lumbar traction

A

90/90

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17
Q

Salicylate
Polarity:
Use:

A

negative
pain

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18
Q

Normal US head speed

A

4 cm/sec

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19
Q

Ultrasound coverage area

A

No more than 2-3x the size of the US head

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20
Q

“Non thermal” US - needs to be set to what parameters

A

20% or lower duty cycle + low intensity (.5-.75)

allows heat produced during the on time to be dispersed more during off time ➔ no net increase in temperature

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21
Q

Minimum % body weight for lumbar traction to overcome friction

A

25%

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22
Q

Lumbar traction parameters for separation

A

60-120 lbs/50% body weight for NO LONGER THAN 25 mins

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23
Q

Cervical traction parameters for separation

A

20-30 lbs (7%) body weight to cause separation

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24
Q

INITIAL lumbar traction parameters

A

30-40 lbs
to decrease spasm and determine patient tolerance

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25
INITIAL cervical traction parameters
8-10 lbs
26
Do not exceed % with cervical traction
7
27
Do not exceed % with lumbar traction
50
28
Neck angle with cervical traction
0-5 degrees for upper cervical 10-20 for mid cervical 20 to 30 for lower cervical
29
Optimal duty cycle for mechanical traction
3:1 3 on to 1 off
30
Supine positioning for lumbar traction
foraminal stenosis
31
Prone positioning for lumbar traction
posterior herniated disc
32
Only times DC is used
Wound healing and ionto
33
Polarity for wound healing - infected, non healing wound
Negative
34
Heat transfer: convection
liquid or gas moves past a body part ex. whirlpool, fluidotherapy
35
Heat transfer: evaporation
vapocoolant spray
36
Heat transfer: conversion
transfer of heat via energy ex. ultrasound, diathermy
37
Heat transfer: conduction
heat packs parrafin ex. transfer of heat between physical contact
38
Physiological effects of cold
vasoconstriction increases blood viscosity increases muscle strength (short term) decreases metabolic rate decreases connective tissue extensibility decreases HR/RR(think divers response)
39
Physiological effects of heat
increases capillary permeability vasodilation to tissues decreases muscle spasm increases tissue extensibility increases pain threshold increases respiratory rate
40
Spasticity - use heat or cold
cold
41
Cold compression unit should be set between .... degrees
50-59
42
"CBAN" for cold application
Phases go: Cold Burning Aching Numb
43
Physiological effects of heat
increases capillary permeability increase oxygen uptake and metabolism vasodilation to tissues increases tissue extensibility increases pain threshold decreases muscle spasm
43
Skin temp during cold application should remain above
59 degrees
44
Physiological effects of heat
increases capillary permeability vasodilation to tissues decreases muscle spasm increases tissue extensibility increases pain threshold
45
Physiological effects of heat
increases capillary permeability vasodilation to tissues decreases muscle spasm increases tissue extensibility increases pain threshold
45
Copper sulfate ion Polarity: Use:
46
Lidocaine Polarity: Use:
positive pain
47
Phonophoresis parameters
3 MHz 20% duty cycle .5-.75 W/Cm 2-3x ERA
48
Contraindications for ultrasound
malignancy over pregnant uterus (other areas are ok) joint cement plastic pacemaker thrombophlebitis sensory deficits epiphyseal plates in children infection
49
Precautions for US
Acute inflammation Epiphyseal Fractures Metal implants
50
Does 100% duty cycle (continuous US) always provide thermal effects
not all the time, with a lower intensity (.5 W/cm) you could achieve non-thermal
51
Goals of mechanical traction
decrease disc protrusion decrease pain increase joint mobility increase muscle relaxation promote blood flow
52
Cervical traction parameters for muscle stretch
11-15 lbs
53
Required space between electrodes
at least one electrode width of space between
54
Maximum ionto intensity
4mA
55
Normal ionto dosage in mA/mins
40-80 mA/mins ex. 40 mA/min treatment would take 20 mins at 2mA/10 mins at 4mA(max) intensity
56
Gate control therory of pain
presynaptic inhibition of C fibers (dull pain) and A-delta fibers (sharp pain) via activation of larger diameter (alpha A and B - motor, sensory) this activates the substantia gelatinosa
57
Conventional TENS parameters and usage
mainly for ACUTE pain via gate control theory 80-120 pps 50-100 ms tends tp relieve pain quick, but short lived low intensity to only stimulate sensory
58
pps
frequency of individual contractions - the higher this number, the more "tingly" it feels
59
Acupuncture-like TENS parameters and usage
For CHRONIC pain control via endogenous Opiate Release due to muscle contraction 1-5 pps 150-300 ms tends to take longer to relieve pain, but has more lasting effects high intensity to stimulate muscle contraction
60
Russian ESTIM optimal duty cycle
1:5
61
With ESTIM, what ratio for on/off (duty cycle) should be used for muscle spasms
1:1 (goal is fatigue the muscles out) this differs from strength which is typically 1:3 or 1: 5 -gives more time for rest between contractions
62
Polarity for wound healing - healthy, healing wound
positive
63
HVPC parameters
50-200 pps 20-100 ms For simplicity about 100 pps 100 Ms twin peak monophasic current If proliferating wound, use positive on wound, negative proximally
64
Layers of towel for hot pack
6-8
65
PT should check hot pack within
5 mins greatest risk for burn
66
Temperature of water for aquatic therapy
80-92 degrees
67
psi for wound irrigation
4-15 psi
68
Normal BNR
3:1 to 5:1 perfect beam would be 1:1 acceptable is less than 8:1
69
Attenuation
reduction of energy as it passes from the US heat through to the tissues via absorption, reflexion, refraction
70
Periosteal pain with ultrasound
sudden strong bone ache caused by overheat too quick if this happens, stop treatment and apply more gel or decrease intensity
71
Considerations for water application of US
keep head 1 cm from body part wipe off air bubbles that form
72
For intermittent pneumatic pump, why do you check BP?
this determines their pressure setting
73
Pps needed for tetany
20-30
74
Noxious stimulus TENS
highest intensity long duration 250-1000ms 30-60 sec long
75
NMES targets Type 1/2 muscle fibers
Type 2 Fatigue more quickly
76
NMES parameters
35-50 pps 200-700 ms
77
Typically, shorter or longer pulse durations are more comfortable for the patient
shorter for shorter muscles longer for longer muscles
78
Cold pack should be applied directly to the skin T/F
False; use a wet towel to dissipate the initial cooling effects
79
CPM cycles per minute
2
80
Large electrode vs small electrode
Large: decreased density and impedance increased current flow Small: increased density and impedance decreased current flow
81
If patient reports hot spot with US what are your immediate actions?
FIrst, move the soundhead away from the hotspot and continue treatment - see if it is still hot Second, turn down intensity

MY NPTE (22 decks)

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