Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health Assessment > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CN II

A

Optic (vision)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor (pupil constriction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear (downward movement of eyes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal (jaw movement, sensation of face and neck)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens (lateral movement of eyes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CN VII

A

Facial (facial movement, taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CN VIII

A

Acoustic or Vestibulochlear (hearing and balance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal (swallowing, taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CN X

A

Vagus (swallowing, speaking)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CN XI

A

Spinal/Accessory (flexion and rotation of head)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal (tongue movements)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CN NERVE MNEMONIC

A

One of our toughest teachers asked for a good valued artificial hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Morning Headaches that subside after rising

A

may be an early sign of increased intracranial pressure such as brain tumor-vomit and it goes away you relieve the pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Seizures

A

occur with epilepsy, metabolic disorders, head injuries and high fever

aura is an auditory, visual or motor sensation that forewarns a person that a seizure is about to occur

patients with generalized seizures often experience bladder incontinence during a seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dizziness or lightheadness

A

Related to CAD, cerebellar abscess or an inner ear infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Imbalance and difficulty coordinating or controlling movements

A

are seen in neurologic diseases involving the cerebellum, basal ganglia, or cranial nerve VIII (Acoustic)

diminished cerebral blood flow and vestibular response may increase the risk for falls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Numbness or tingling

A

loss of sensation, tingling or burning (paraesthesia) may occur to damage to the brain, spinal cord or peripheral nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Decrease in your ability to smell

A

A decrease in the ability to smell may be related to a dysfunction of cranial nerve I (olfactory) or a brain tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Decrease ability to taste

A

related to dysfunction of cranial nerves VII (facial) or IX (glossopharyngeal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ringing or hearing loss

A

ringing in the ears and decreased ability to hear may occur with dysfunction of cranial nerve VIII (acoustic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Change in your vision

A

Changes in vision may occur with dysfunction of cranial nerve II (optic), increased cranial pressure or brain tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Double or blurred vision

A

damage to cranial nerves III (oculomotor), cranial nerves IV (trochlear), or VI. (abduces) may cause double or blurred vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Transient blind spots

A

early sign of cebreovascular accident (stroke)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Understanding or speaking verbal language

A

Injury to the cerebral cortex can impair the ability to speak or understand verbal langage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Dysphagia

A

May be related to CVA, Parkinson’s, myasthenia gravis, gulliain barre syndrome, or dysfunction of cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus) or XII (hypoglossal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Muscle weakness

A

unilateral weakness or paralysis may result from CVA, compression of the spinal cord or nerve injury

progressive weakness is a symptom of several nervous system diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Fasicultaitons

A

continuous, rapid twitching of a resting muscle

seen in lower motor neuron disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Tremors

A

involuntary contraction of opposing groups of muscle

see in degenerative neurologic disorders such as Parkinson

seen in cerebellar disease and multiple sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Tics

A

involuntary repetitive twitching movements

seen in Tourette syndrome or tar dive dyskinesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Myoclonus

A

sudden jerks of arms and legs

may occur normal when falling asleep as a single jerk

severe jerking is seen with grand Mal seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Chorea

A

sudden rapid jerky voluntary and involuntary movements of limbs, trunk, or face

seen in Huntington disease and Sydenham chorea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Athetosis

A

twisting, writhing, slow continuous movments

seen in cerebral palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

intentional tremors

A

tremors that occur with intentional movements

Seen in extending hands, head nodding for yes or no extending one tongue which may protrude back and forth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Recent Memory loss

A

24 hours

seen with amnesic disorders, Korsakoff syndrome, delirium and dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Remote memory

A

(the past)

seen with impaired cerebral cortex disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

head injury

A

minor head injuries can produce long term neurological defects and affect the patient’s level of functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Meningitis, encephalitis, injury to the spinal cord or a stroke

A

these disorders can affect the long term physical and mental status of a patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Neuro check

A

useful in an emergency situation and frequent assessments as needed during an acute phase of illness

quick assessment to see neurological status

includes: level of consciousness, pupillary checks, movement and strength of extremities, and vital signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Glasgow Coma scale

A

Minor brain injury 13-15 points

moderate brain injury 9-12

Severe brain injury 3-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

CN I test

A

test of smell for those who report loss of smell, head trauma and abnormal mental status, and when presence of intracranial lesion suspected

smell is decreased with aging and asymmetry in sense of smell is important

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Anomia with smell

A

can be congenital, chronic nasal and sinus problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Smoking and cocaine with smell

A

will alter sense of smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Snellen Eye Chart

A

most accurate

higher the denominator the poor the vision

20/200

means you can read at 20 feet a letter that normal vision can read at 200feet

45
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsightedness

if patient is unable to see objects in the distance

46
Q

Hyperopia

A

farsightedness

if the patient is unable to see near objects

47
Q

Presbyopia

A

not being able to accommodate or focus

48
Q

Confrontation test

A

screen for loss of peripheral vision

abnormal: glaucoma, retinal disease, stroke

49
Q

CN III, IV, and VI

A

oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerve

palpebral fissures usually equal in width

check pupils for size regularity, equality, direct and consensual light reaction and accommodation (PERRLA)

assess extra ocular movements by cardinal positions of gaze

50
Q

Ptosis

A

drooping of the eyelid

defect in the oculomotor (III) nerve

51
Q

Pupilary Reflex

A

direct light reflex

consensual light reflex

52
Q

Direct light reflex

A

constriction of pupil when exposed to bright light

53
Q

consensual light reflex

A

the simultaneous contraction of the other pupil

54
Q

Accommodation

A

adaptation of the eye for near vision

eyes will converge and the pupil will constrict

55
Q

Testing for Accommodation

A

Ask the patient to focus on a distant object

this dilate pupils than have the shift gaze to near object

normal responses include pupillary constriction and convergence of axes of eyes

56
Q

Abnormalites in Pupil

CN III, IV, VI

A

anisocoria

miosis

mydriasis

57
Q

Anisocoria

A

unequal pupil size

58
Q

Miosis

A

constricted and fixed pupils

brain stem damage

59
Q

Mydriasis

A

dilated and fixed pupils

CNS injury, deep anesthesia, circulatory arrest

60
Q

One large pupil

A

ICP can cause a sudden unilateral dilated and nonreactive pupil

any changes in the pupil needs to be reported to provider

61
Q

Extraocular Movement

A

lead the eyes through Asterix

normal response is parallel tracking of object with both eyes

62
Q

Corneal light reflex

A

Hirschberg Test

assess the parallel alignment of the eye

abnormal: asymmetry of light reflex is indicative of eye muscle weakness or paralysis

63
Q

Nystagmus

A

Damage to the brain stem or cerebellum

the eyes drift slowly in one direction and then jerk back to the other

64
Q

Strabismus

A

deviated gaze or limited movement (lazy eye)

65
Q

Cranial Nerve V motor

A

motor function: assess muscles of mastication by palpating as person clenches teeth

muscle should feel equally strong on both sides, try to separate Jaws by pushing down on the chin; normally you can’t

note them making faces

66
Q

Cranial Nerve V sensory

A

with persons eyes closed test light touch sensation by touching cotton wisp to their face

test all division of CN V: ophthalmic (forehead), maxillary (cheek) and mandibular (jaw)

67
Q

Abnormalities of CN V

A

any decreases or unequal sensation

with brain lesions sensation of face and body is lost on the opposite side of the lesion

68
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

loss of movement or asymmetry as in stroke or bells palsy

69
Q

bells palsy

A

most common facial paralysis

may be associated with herpes simplex infection

may develop several days or months and often recovers spontaneously

usually treated with corticosteroid

70
Q

Cranial nerve VIII

A

acoustic nerve (vestibulochlear)

measures air conduction by bone in which sound vibrates through cranial bones to inner ear

rinne test

weber test

71
Q

Weber test

A

choose this test if they complain that they hear better in one ear than the other

place a tuning fork in the middle of person’s skull and ask if they hear the tones equally in both ears

the person should hear the tone by conduction through the skull equal in both ears

if they only hear it in one ear they lateralized to the affected ear

72
Q

RINNE TEST

A

COMPARES AIR CONDUCTION AND bone conduction sounds

place the tuning for on the person’s mastoid process and ask them to signal when the sound goes away

put it back and they should hear the sound

normal: patients hears AC tone twice as long and louder as they hear the BC tone. So ac>bc is normal

conductive loss:patient hears BC tone as long as or long than they hear AC tone (BC>AC)

73
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

an infection

build up of ear wax

a punctured eardrum

fluid in the middle ear

damage to the small bones within the middle ear

74
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

Occurs when there’s damage to any part of the specialized nervous system of the ear

includes the auditory nerve, hair cells in the inner ear, and other parts of the cochlea

ongoing exposure to loud noises and aging are common reasons for this type of heating loss

75
Q

Cranial nerve IX and X

A

glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves

motor function: depress tongue with tongue blade

uvula and soft plate should rise in midline and tonsillar pillars should move medially

touch posterior pharyngeal wall with tongue blade and not gag reflex voice should sounds smooth not strained

76
Q

Cranial nerve XI

A

spinal accessory nerve

check equal strength by asking person to rotate head against resistance applied to side of chin

ask person to shrug shoulders against resistance and it should be equal on both sides

77
Q

Cranial nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal nerve

ask patient to stick out tongue movie it side and then return it to mouth

fasciculations and atrophy maybe seen with peripheral nerve disease

deviation to the affected side is seen with unilateral lesions

78
Q

Assess condition and movement of muscles

A

asses the size and symmetry of all muscle groups

atrophy may be seen in diseases of low motor neurons or muscle disorders

79
Q

Gait and balance

A

look for posture, freedom of movement, symmetry, rhythm and balance

ask them to walk heel to toe

80
Q

Gait and balance disorders

A

motor, sensory, vestibular and cerebellar systems

an uncoordinated or unsteady gait that was not apparent with normal walking may be more obvious with tandem walking

81
Q

Spastic gait

A

stiff, foot dragging walk caused by unilateral leg muscle hypertonicity

upper motor neuron lesion-CVA and trauma

82
Q

Scissors Gait

A

adduction of thighs with each step

causing knees to hit or cross in a scissor like movement

cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis

83
Q

Propulsive Gait

A

stooped rigid posture

cardinal sign of advanced Parkinson’s disease

84
Q

Steppage Gait (slap Gait)

A

results from foot drop (lower motor neuron disease) which causes outward rotation of hip and exaggerated flexion of knee

toes hit ground first, producing an audible step

85
Q

The Romberg test

A

ask person to stand up feet together and arms at side

when in stable position ask person to close eyes and to hold position for about 20 seconds

positive test is swaying and moving feet apart to prevent falling(vestibular dysfunction or cerebellar disorders)

86
Q

DECORTICATE POSTURING

A

Mummy

arms, wrists, and fingers flexed

arms adducted

lower extremities extended, internal rotated with plantar flexion of feet

occurs with lesions of the cerebral cortex

87
Q

Decerebrate posturing

A

(RIGID EXTENSION AND PRONATION OF THE ARMS)
arms extended adducted, internally rotated

wrist pronated and fingers flex

back hyperextended

teeth clenched legs extended in plantar flexion

occurs with lesions of brain steam at midbrain or upper pons

worse than decorticate posting

88
Q

Assess light touch, pain and temperature

A

many disorders alter a person’s ability to perceive sensation correctly

89
Q

Anesthesia

A

absence of touch sensation

90
Q

hypesthesia

A

decreased sensitive to touch

91
Q

hyperesthesia

A

decreased sensitivity to touch

92
Q

Analgesia

A

absence of pain

93
Q

Hypalgesia

A

decreased sensitivity to apin

94
Q

Hyperalgesia

A

increased sensitivity to pain

95
Q

Vibratory sensation

A

low pitched tuning fork on a bony prominence

sensation at the ankles decreases after age 70

inability to sense vibrations may be seen in peripheral neuropathy with diabetes or chronic alcohol abuse

96
Q

Kinesthesia

A

test person’s ability to perceive passive movements of extremities

97
Q

Tactile discrimination

A

evaluate sternognois by having patient identify an object placed in their hand with their eyes closed

asses for graphethesia to evaluate patient ability to perceive writing on the skin

98
Q

Clonus

A

a set of rapid, rhythmic contractions of the same muscle

99
Q

hyperreflexia

A

an exaggerated reflex usually from high cortical levels as seen with upper motor neuron lesions (stroke)

100
Q

hyporeflexia

A

an Absence of reflex

this is a lower motor neuron problem, This is usually seen in spinal cord injury patients

101
Q

areflexia

A

no reflex activity

102
Q

Babinski Reflex

A

abnormal except in infancy

the abnormal response is dorsiflexion of the great toe and fanning of all toes. Babinski

disappears in children by 18-24 months

adults upper motor neuron disease of the corticospinal tract

103
Q

Cerebellum

A

Responsible for motor control

includes muscle tone, equilibrium, and balance as it relates to movement

104
Q

Brain stem

A

controls basic body functions such as breathing, swallowing, heart rate, blood pressure, consciousness, and whether one is awake or sleepy

consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

105
Q

Frontal lobe

A

skeletal movement,

talking and writing

emotions

ability to learn and think abstractly

problem solving

106
Q

Temporal

A

hearing and olfactory stimuli

memory and learning because of integration of the hippocampus

107
Q

Pariteal lobe

A

perception and interpretation of pain, temperature, touch and texture

108
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual recognition and interpretation of visual stimuli

Health Assessment (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions