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Health Assessment > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Crepitation

A

an audible and palpable crunching or grating that accompanies movement.

Occurs when the articular surfaces in the joints are roughed as in Rheumatoid Arthritis

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2
Q

Active Rom

A

Have patient model your movements

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3
Q

Passive Rom

A

if you see a limitation you want to gently attempt motion with the patient’s muscle relaxed while your move the body part

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4
Q

Range of motion

when to do it

A

prevent contractures

maintain join mobility

stimulate circulation

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5
Q

Range of motion

Contraindications

A

Acute arthritis

fractures

joint dislocations

acute cardiac conditions

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6
Q

Weight gain

A

increases physical stress and strain on the musculoskeletal system

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7
Q

Difficulty Chewing

A

Patients with TMJ dysfunction may describe their jaws “locking or stuck”

Jaw tenderness, pain, or clicking sound may be present with TMJ

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8
Q

Bone pain

A

dull, deep, and throbbing

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9
Q

Joint or muscle pain

A

aching pain

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10
Q

Sharp, knife-like pain

A

occurs with fractures and increases in intensity with movement

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11
Q

Osetoarthritis

A

begins in one joint on one side of the body

improves with rest worsens in rainy weather may have a grating sensation

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12
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

occurs on both side

worsens with rest, inconsistent pattern of pain (hot and sore)

stiffness on rising and diminishes in stiffness with activity

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13
Q

Diabetes Mellitus, sickle cell anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus or osteoporosis

A

all of these disorders place a person at risk for osteoporosis and osteomyelitis

type 1 diabetes increases risk of low bone density and increases fracture risk

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14
Q

Menopause

A

increases the risk of development of osteoporosis because of decreased estrogen levels and therefore, decrease in the density of bone mass

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15
Q

family history of rheumatoid arthritis, gout or osteoporosis

A

these conditions tend to run in families

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16
Q

Smoking and drinking

A

increases the risk of osteoporosis

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17
Q

Adequate protein

A

needed for muscle tone and bone growth

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18
Q

vitamin C

A

promotes healing of tissue and bones

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19
Q

Calcium deficiencies

A

increase the risk for osteoporosis

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20
Q

Vitamin D

A

required to absorb calcium

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21
Q

Too much purine

A

(meat, liver sardines, alcohol) can trigger gout

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22
Q

Occupation

A

certain job related activities increase the risk of join problems

incorrect body mechanics, poor posture, consistent repetitive wrist and hand movements (carpal tunnel syndrome)

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23
Q

Observe posture

A

posture is erect

slumped shoulders may be associated with depression

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24
Q

Observe Gait

A

should be evenly distributed weight

uneven weight bearing is evident

not any limping, shuffles, propels forward or has a wide based gait

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25
Temporomandibular joint
Put your middle and index fingers just anterior to trigs (external ear opening) - ask patient to open as wide as possible : - move jaw from side to side. - protrude (push out) and retract (pull in) jaw
26
Snapping and clicking
may be felt and is normal unless associated with decreased ROM, swelling, tenderness or crepitus as seen in arthritis test muscle strength by having patient to try to move jaw with resistance
27
TMJ Dysfunction
Jaw pain, difficulty chewing, and clicking and locking of the jaw joint treatments include medications, bite guards, and physical therapy
28
Scoliosis
lateral deviation of the spine patient will lean to one side
29
Findings of Scoliosis
Uneven shoulder blade height and should blade prominence unequal distance between the arms and the body asymmetrical waistline uneven hip height
30
Kyphosis
an abnormally rounded thoracic curve
31
Lordosis
Abnormally concave lumbar spine is normal in pregnant women and young children
32
Lasegue Test or Straight Leg Raising Test
This maneuver will reproduce back and leg pain and may confirm presence of herniated disc positive test if it reproduces sciatic pain; confirms presence of herniated disc
33
Flat, hollow or less
rounded shoulders are seen with dislocation
34
Muscle atrophy
is seen with nerve or muscle damage or lack of use
35
tenderness, swelling and heat in the shoulders
noted with strains, sprains, arthritis, bursitis, and DJD
36
Swelling in the elbows
can be seen with bursitis due to trauma or arthritis
37
Swelling of the wrists
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
38
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
is a condition that causes numbness, tingling and other symptoms in the hand and arm caused by a compressed nerve in the carpal tunnel, a narrow passageway on the palm side of your wrist repetitive hand motions can contribute to it
39
Carpal tunnel Syndrome
Proper treatment usually relieves the tingling and numbness and restores wrist and hand function
40
Carpal tunnel Syndrome
tingling or numbness in the thumb and index, middle or ring fingers are affected, but not the little finger sensation like electric shock in these fingers weakness in the hand and a tendency to drop objects
41
Tinel Sign
test for carpal tunnel Lightly percuss the transverse carpal ligament over the median nerve where the patient's palm and wrist meet if this action produces numbness and tingling shooting into the palm and finger, the patient has tingle sign and may have carpal tunnel syndrome
42
Phalen Test
test for carpal tunnel have the patient put the back of the hands together and flex the wrists downward at a 90 degree angle for 60 seconds pain or numbness in the hands or fingers during this maneuver indicates a positive Phalen Test (accurate 70%)
43
Hands and Fingers
Symmetric, contender and without nodules swollen, stiff finger joints are seen in Rheumatoid arthritis boutonniere deformity and swan neck deformity are seen in long term rheumatoid arthritis
44
osteoarthritis in hands and fingers
hard and painless nodules may be seen heberden nodes over the distal finger joints Bouchard nodes are seen over the proximal joints
45
Rheumatoid Arthritis
a chronic, systemic inflammatory immune disorders commonly affects bilateral joints marked by remissions and unpredictable exacerbations potentially crippling disease swollen, painfull stiff joins especially in the hands are typical findings
46
Chronic RA
deformities of the interphalangeal joints develop ulnar deviation and swan neck boutonniere deformity
47
Heberden and Bouchard Nodes
seen in osteoarthritis the nodes may be red, swollen and painful initially eventually they become painless but are associated with limited join mobility
48
Hips
inability to abduct the hip is a sign of hip disease pain and decrease in internal hip rotation may be a sign of OA or hip fracture
49
Knees
Genu Valgum: Knees turn in (knock knees) Genu Varum: Knees turn out (bowed legs) swelling above or nest to the patella may indicate fluid in knee joint tenderness and warmth with a boggy consistency by symptoms of synovitis
50
McMurray Test
when the person is unable to extend the knee fully and get a pop or click a click or palpable click is a positive McMurray test for a torn meniscus
51
Bulge Sign
(swipe test) use the bulge test to detect small amounts of fluid in the knee give the medial side of the knee two to four firm strokes to displace excess fluid tap the lateral aspect to expect for a fluid wave
52
Ballottement
uses when larger amounts of fluid are present left hand compress supra patellar pouch to move any fluid right hand pushes patella sharply against femur you want to see if fluid is present
53
Gout
tender, painful reddened, hot swollen great toes is seen in gout examining well worn shoes helps assess areas of wear and accommodation
54
Osteoarthritis
OA:more common among females than males risk factors includes obesity, genetics, and previous trauma to a joint caused by inflammation, breakdown, and eventual loss of cartilage in the joints known as a DJD
55
Osteoporosis
loss of bone mass which increases the risk of fractures even spontaneously painless condition when only becomes painful if there is a fracture or a broken bone more common in women over the age of 50 and after menopause
56
Osteoporosis key risk factors
Include advanced age, petite size, prior fractures, smoking, increased alcohol consumption, RA, diet needs, steroids family history as well staying active decreases risk of getting osteoporosis
57
Gout
metabolic disorder in which uric acid deposits causing joints to become painful, arthritic, red and swollen skin temperatures may be elevated due to the irritation and inflammation symptoms include severe pain, redness, and swelling joints often in the big toe attacks can come suddenly and often at night diets rich in meat and seafood and drinking beverages sweetened with fruit sugar (fructose) increase levels of uric acid which increase your risk of gout alcohol and especially beer increases the risk
58
Strain vs Sprain
stretching or tearing of muscle or tendon (Strain) of ligaments (sprain)
59
common areas for strain and sprain
strains often occur in the lower back and in the hamstring sprain often occurs in ankle
60
treatment for sprains and strains
R=Rest I=Ice C=Compression E=Elevation
61
Circulatory Issues
6Ps 1. Pallor 2. Pulses 3. Pain 4. Paresthesia 5. Paralysis 6. Poikilothermai
62
Compartment syndrome
a painful and dangerous condition caused by pressure buildup from internal bleeding or welling of tissues pressure decreases blood blow, depriving muscles and nerves of oxygen does not go away when you take medicine or raise the affected area
63
Symptoms of compartment syndrome
includes unrelieved severe pain, sensation of pins and needles, and weakness of affected area emergency surgery is needed for severe syndrome
64
Elbow
flexion and extension of the forearm supination and pronation of the forearm
65
Shoulder
flexion and extension abduction and adduction circumduction rotation
66
wrist
flexion, extension, hyperextension, adduction, radial and ulnar deviation
67
fingers
flexion, extension, hyperextension, adduction, abduction
68
hip
flexion with knee flexed and with knee extended extension and hyperextension circumduction rotation abduction, adduction
69
ankle and foot
ankle: plantar flexion and dorsiflexion foot: inversion and eversion
70
Range of motion table
0/5 no contraction 1/5 visible palpable muscle contraction but no movement 2/5 moment with gravity eliminated 3/5 movement against gravity only 4/5 movement against gravity with some resistance 5/5 movement against gravity with full resistance
71
0/5
no contraction paralysis
72
1/5
visible/palpable muscle contraction but no movement severe weakness
73
2/5
movement with gravity eliminated poor ROM
74
3/5
movement against gravity only average weakness
75
4/5
Movement against gravity with some resistance slight weakness
76
5/5
Movement against gravity with full resistance Normal
77
When to contact provider with casted foot
the provider should always be notified if the fingers/toes become swollen, cold, pale, blue, of if patient can't move them

Health Assessment (9 decks)

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