Neuro Flashcards
What controls pressure/vibration/touch/proprioception in the spinal cord for the upper extremities? Lower?
Upper - Fasciculus cuneatus
Lower - Fasciculus gracilis
What controls pain and temperature in the spinal cord?
Lateral spinothalamic tract
What controls voluntary motor in the spinal cord?
Lateral corticospinal tract
What controls crude touch and pressure in the spinal cord?
Anterior spinothalamic tract
What sensations ascend contra?
What ascend ipsi?
What about motor?
Contra ascend -> Pain & Temperature, Crude Touch, Pressure from Lateral and Anterior spinothalamic tracts
Ipsi ascend: Dorsal column -> FT/VIB/Press/Proprioception
Motor: Lateral corticospinal tract -> Descends contra
What cranial nerve nuclei are located in midbrain?
Pons?
Medulla?
Midbrain - III, IV
Pons - V, VI, VII, VIII
Medulla - IX, X, XII
Spinal cord - XI
What are symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus?
Wet, wobbly, wacky
urinary incontinence, gait instability, mental
What nerves come out of the Superior orbital fissure?
CN III, IV, V1, VI
What nerves come out of the foramen Rotundum?
CN V2
What nerves come out of the foramen ovale?
CN V3
What comes out of the foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery
What cranial openings do the branches of CN V exit from?
V1 - Superior orbital fissure
V2 - Foramen Rotundum
V3 - Foramen Ovale
SRO
Standing room only
CN V lesion - deviation to what side
TOward side of lesion
CN X lesion - what deviates and where
Uvula AWAY from side of lesion
If a person cannot move their face below the forehead what is lesioned?
What if they cannot move the entire face (above and below forehead)?
If cannot move below forehead only (forehead spared) -> Contra UMN lesion
If cannot move entire face -> Ipsi LMN lesion
What muscle opens the jaw?
Lateral pterygoid
Wilson’s disease causes degeneration of what structure?
Putamen
What is the only cranial nerve that crosses before leaving the brainstem?
Trochlear n CN VI
What agents cause meningitis in neonates?
Group B Strep, E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes
What causes meningitis in teenagers?
Neisseria meningitidis (skin rash) Strep pneumo H influenza (unimmunized)
What age group gets meningitis from Coxsackievirus?
Children via fecal oral
What consequence would subfalcine herniation have?
Compression of the anterior cerebral artery
Arylsulfatase
Low in metachromatic leukodystrophy
Galactocerebroside B-galactosidase
Deficient in Krabbe disease
Adrenoleukodystrophy and inheritance
Impaired addition of Co A to long chain fatty acids - X linked
What is the cause of progressive, multifocal leukoencephalopathy?
JC virus
Rapid fixing of hyponatremia can lead to what?
Central pontine myelinolysis -> Leads to locked in syndrome
What is necessary to diagnose Tourette’s?
Verbal/motor tic that lasts > 1 year
Explain differences between brief psychotic disorder, schizophreniform disorder and schizoaffective disorder
How does schizophrenia differ?
Brief psychotic disorder < 1 month
Schizophreniform: 1 month - 6 months
Schizoaffective disorder: > 2 weeks, more severe w/ a depressive or manic episode
How is bipolar disorder different than cyclothymic disorder?
Cyclothymic disorder is a milder form of bipolar disorder lasting at least 2 years
How does major depression differ from milder forms?
Major depression - Must last at least 6 months
How does post traumatic stress disorder differ from acute stress disorder?
Acute stress disorder is less than 1 month
Post traumatic stress disorder is > 1 month
How does conduct disorder differ from antisocial disorder?
Antisocial: greater than 18 years of age
Describe the clusters of personality disorders
A - weird
B - wild
C - worried (clingy)
