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step > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

What chamber is most anterior?

What is most posterior?

A

Anterior - Right ventricle

Posterior - Left Atrium

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2
Q

MAP (both equations)

A

CO X TPR

= 2/3 DP + 1/3 SP

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3
Q

Describe the stages of JVP

A

A wave - Atrial contraction

C wave - RV Contraction

X descent - Atrial relaxation, downward displacement of Tricuspid valve during RV contraction

V wave - Inc. Right atrial pressure against closed tricuspid Valve

Y descent - Right ventricular filling

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4
Q

When is wide splitting seen?

When is fixed wide splitting seen?

When is paradoxical splitting seen?

A

Wide split - Delayed RV emptying (RBBB, Pulmonic stenosis)

Fixed wide - ASD

Paradoxical splitting - LV delayed emptying (LBBB, aortic stenosis)

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5
Q

Where is aortic regurgitation auscultated?

A

Left sternal border

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6
Q

Crescendo Decrescendo murmur following ejection click

A

Aortic stenosis

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7
Q

Holosystolic blowing murmur vs holosystolic harsh sounding murmur

A

Blowing murmur = Mitral/Tricuspid regurgitation

Harsh sounding murmur = Ventricular septal defect

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8
Q

Aortic regurgitation murmur

A

High pitched decrescendo murmur

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9
Q

Mumur with opening snap followed by delayed rumble

A

Mitral stenosis

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10
Q

Where are the two peripheral baroreceptors located?

What is their pathway for signaling?

A

Aortic arch - Responds only to increased blood pressure -> Signals solitary nucleus of thalamus via Vagus n

Carotid sinus - Responds to increased and decreased blood pressure -> Sends signal to solitary nucleus via glossopharyngeal n

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11
Q

How can transmural necrosis be distinguished from subendocardial necrosis on an ECG?

A

Transmural - ST elevation

Subendocardial - ST depression

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12
Q

What is Dressler’s syndrome?

A

Autoimmune fibrinous pericarditis that occurs post MI

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13
Q

V1-V4

A

Anterior Wall (LAD)

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14
Q

V1-V2

A

Anteroseptal (LAD)

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15
Q

V4-V6

A

Anterolateral (LCX)

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16
Q

I, aVL

A

Lateral wall (LCX)

17
Q

II, III, aVF

A

Posterior wall (RCA)

18
Q

What presents with the triad of granulomas in the respiratory tract, necrotizing vasculitis, and necrotizing glomerulonephritis?

May be seen with RBC casts, hemoptysis, and otitis media

A

Wegener’s granulomatosis

c-ANCA positive

Tx: cyclophosphamide

19
Q

What presents with the triad of purpura on the buttocks, GI symptoms, and painful joints?

A

Henoch Schonlein purpura

Caused by IgA nephropathy

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