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cardiac pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Nifedipine

A

Ca2+ channel blocker

Vs HTN/Angina

AV block, flushing, constipation

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2
Q

Verapimil/Diltiazem

A

Ca2+ channel blocker

Vs HTN/angina

Toxicity: AV block, flushing, constipation

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3
Q

What calcium channel blocker is most effective in the heart?

What is most effective vs vascular smooth muscle?

A

Heart - Verapimil most effective. Amlodipine least effective

Vascular smooth muscle = Amlodipine/Nifedipine strongest, verapimil least effective

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4
Q

Hydralizine

A

Increases cGMP -> Arteriolar dilation > Venodilation

Vs HTN in pregnancy

Given with B blocker to prevent reflex tachycardia

Toxicity: Reflex tachycardia, Lupus like syndrome, Fluid retention

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5
Q

Nitroprusside

A

Increases cGMP via release of NO

Veno and vaso dilator

Decreases preload and afterload

Toxicity: Cyanide toxicity

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6
Q

Fenoldopam

A

Dopamine D1 agonist, vasodilation

Decreases BP and increases Natriuresis

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7
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Increases cGMP -> Dilates veins more than arteries

Used vs angina or edema

Toxicity: Reflex tachycardia, hypotension, flushing, Tolerance development that quickly is lost and results in side effects on reexposure

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8
Q

Statins

A

Decrease LDL

Inhibit HMG CoA to mevalonate (cholesterol precursor)

Toxicity: Hepatotoxic

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9
Q

Niacin (Vitamin B3)

A

Increases HDL

Reduces VLDL secretion

Toxicity: Red flushed face, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia

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10
Q

Cholestyramine/colestipol

A

Decrease LDL

Decrease absorption of bile, liver must use cholesterol to make more

Toxicity: GI pain, decreased absorption of fat soluble vitamins

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11
Q

Ezetimibe

A

Decreased LDL reabsorption at intestine brush border

Increase diarrhea (toxicity)

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12
Q

Gemfibrozil/fenofibrate

A

Decreased Triglycerides

Increased Triglyceride clearance

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13
Q

Digoxin

A

Glycoside -> Inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase

inhibits Na+/Ca2+ exchanger

vs CHF/atrial fibrillation

Toxicity: Blurry yellow vision, AV block, hypokalemia

Toxicity antidote: K+, lidocaine

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14
Q

Class IA antiarrhythmics

A

Quinidine
Disopyramide
Procainimide

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15
Q

Quinidine

A

CLass IA Na+ blocker

Inc AP duration and inc refractory period

Toxicity: Cinchonism -> tinnitus

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16
Q

Disopyramide

A

Class IA Na+ blocker

Inc. AP duration and inc refractory period

Toxicity: torsades de pointes

17
Q

Procainimide

A

Class IA Na+ blocker

Inc. AP duration and inc refractory period

Toxicity: Lupus like syndrome

18
Q

Class IB

A

Lidocaine, Mexilitine, Tocainide

Best post MI

19
Q

Lidocaine

A

Class IB Na+ blocker

Dec AP duration

Toxicity: CNS/CV depression

20
Q

Mexilitine

A

Class IB Na+ blocker

Dec AP duration

Toxicity: CNS/CV depression

21
Q

Tocainide

A

Class IB Na+ blocker

Dec AP duration

Toxicity: CNS/CV depression

22
Q

Class IC

A

Flecainide, Propafenone

Containdicated post MI or with structural heart disease

23
Q

Flecainide

A

Class IC Na+ blocker

Vs Vtach

Toxicity: Arrythmia post MI

24
Q

Propafenone

A

Class IC Na+ blocker

Vs Vtach

Toxicity: Arrythmia post MI

25
Q

B blockers

A

Dec Nodal activity, dec Ca2+, dec slop of phase 4

AV node - Inc. PR

Esmolol short acting

Class II antiarrythmics

Toxicity: Impotence, vasospasm, dyslipidemia

26
Q

Metoprolol toxicity

A

Dyslipidemia

27
Q

Propanolol toxicity

A

Coronary vasospasm in prinzmetal angina

28
Q

K+ blockers

A

Amiodarone, Ibutilide, Dofetilide, Sotalol

Class III antiarrythmic

29
Q

Amiodarone

A

Class III antiarrythmic K+ blocker

Inc AP duration, Inc QT interval

Toxicity: Pulmonary fibrosis, blue gray skin, photodermatitis, constipation, hepatotoxicity

Alters lipid membrane

Check PFT, LFT, TFT

30
Q

Ibutilide

A

Class III K+ blocker

Inc AP duration

Toxicity: torsades de pointes

31
Q

Dofetilide

A

Class III K+ blocker

Inc AP duration

32
Q

Sotalol

A

Class III K+ blocker

Inc AP duration

Toxicity: Torsades de pointes

33
Q

Verapimil/Diltiazem

A

Class IV Ca2+ blockers

Inc PR interval, Dec conduction velocity

Toxicity: Constipation, CHF

34
Q

Drug of choice vs supraventricular tachycardia

A

Adenosine

35
Q

Antidote vs torsades

A

Mg2+

step (19 decks)

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