Neuro

Question 1

Which serotypes of Listeria cause Encephalitic listeriosis?

Answer 1

1/2a & 4b

Question 2

What is corn silage?

Answer 2

entire plant chopped up & fermented

Question 3

Which 8-way vaccine is best for processing bull calves into steers?

Answer 3

Important to protect them from tetanus, so include one w/C.tetani

Question 4

What’s the hallmark clinical sign of Listeriosis?

Answer 4

multiple unilateral cranial nerve deficits

Question 5

What does Histophilus somni cause?

Answer 5

Thromboembolic** **Meningoencephalitis
{TEME}

pneumonia, arthritis, UTI, abortion, myocarditis, neuro dz, somnolence

Question 6

What is silage eye?

Answer 6

uveitis & conjunctivitis & keratitis

a clinical sign of Listeriosis

Question 7

What is the pH restriction for Listeria m**onocytogenes to proliferate in decaying organic matter?

Answer 7

Must be >5

Question 8

How does Listeria enter the cytoplasm?

Answer 8

bind to surface proteins→ Enter via hemolysin
{Listeriolysin O}

Question 9

How do we want to treat Listeria?

Answer 9

penicillin + OTC

Question 10

Where would we expect to see the most severe lesions on postmortem of a Listeria case?

Answer 10

Pons & Medulla

Question 11

What physical damage might we observe & interpret from CNS evaluation of PM Listeria case?

Answer 11

axonal swelling & degeneration

Question 12

What’s the pathogenesis behind TEME?

Answer 12

migration thru unprotected epithelial cells
→ meets brain epithelial cells → cytoskeleton rearrangement
→ drastic influx of ALB & reduced transendothelial electrical resistance
→ increased paracellular permeability of vascular endothelial cells

*death d/t subsequent endothelial cell apoptosis*

Question 13

What pathogens are brain & pituitary abscesses most often caused by?

Answer 13

Trueperella pyogenes

Question 14

How are sulfur & sulfates associated with Polio?

Answer 14

metabolized to toxic sulfide ions
→ S interferes w/oxidative processes of mitochondria
→ ATP depletion

Thiamine is a cofactors in neuronal ATP production

Question 15

4 big clinical signs of Polio… go!

Answer 15

1. Central blindness
2. dorsomedial strabismus
3. Opisthotonus
4. convulsions

Question 16

What is “Swayback”?

Answer 16

Enzootic Ataxia

Cu-deficiency during prenatal/perinatal period
→ oxidative degeneration → myelin degeneration in dorsolateral spinal cord tracts/cavitations in cerebral white matter
{bilateral, symmetric}

Question 17

A recessive defect in pure/mixed breed Charolais calves 6-36mo results in what condition?

Answer 17

Progressive Ataxia

posterior paresis → recumbent by ~2years

major lesion: eosinophilic plaques on white matter in brain/spinal cord
*difficulting maintaining posture during urination & pulsatile*

Question 18

What’s another name for Progressive Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy? Which animals inherit this disorder?

Answer 18

“Weaver Syndrome”

Purebred Brown Swiss calves & Angler cattle

• paraparesis, ataxia, dysmetria of pelvic limbs, weaving gait
• insidious progression
• muscle wasting over HL

Question 19

Where are the lesions in Weaver Syndrome? What do the lesions correlate to?

Answer 19

White matter of SC;

axonal swelling, degeneration/vacuolation

Question 20

Spinal cord fractures are common in ruminants 3-6mo d/t what nutritional deficiencies?

Answer 20

• Vit D
• Calcium
• Copper