Foreign Animal Dz

Question 1

What do Akabane/Cache Valley Dz, Schmallenberg, West Nile, E-/W-/V-EE, Horse sickness, Rift Valley Fever, & Ephemeral Fever have in common?

Answer 1

They’re all transmitted by mosquitoes!

Question 2

Which disease transmitted by mosquitoes causes stillbirths, mummified fetuses, malformations?

Answer 2

Akabane/ Cache Valley Dz

Question 3

Which diseases cause anemia & chronic weight loss/dz, & are transmitted by biting flies?

Answer 3

1. EIA
2. Trypanosomiasis
   * Tse-tse fly*

Question 4

What is Heartwater?

Answer 4

aka Cowdriosis
noncontagious, infectious virulent dz affecting domestic & wild ruminants

• neuro signs, hi fever, lung/brain edema, hydro-pericardium &- thorax
• Ehrlichia ruminantium transmitted transtadially
  {thru salivary glands of infected Amblyomma spp.}
• Intracellular in monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, & endothelial cells {esp.brain&kidney}

Question 5

What Amblyomma spp is the most widespread & efficient transmitter of E. ruminatium?

Answer 5

A.variegatum
aka “tropical bont tick”

Question 6

What’s the pathology of Heart Water that results in severe hydropericardium, hydrothorax, lung/brain edema, & abdominal effusion?

Answer 6

Invasion of endothelial cells in capillary beds {brain, lung, kidney}
→inc.capillary permeability w.out structural visible damage to cells
→fluid & protein effusion into body cavities

clin path:
hypoproteinemia, hypocalcemia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, inc in PT/PTT

respiratory failure: low PO₂ & hi PCO₂

Question 7

What’s the emerging Ehrlichia sp. reported in ten U.S. states?
The MAP-1B ELISA cannot distinguish this species from E.ruminatium, so what do we do?

Answer 7

Panola Mountain Ehrlichia
PME

• *use dual-plex Taqman™ qPCR**
• →specific for E.ruminatium*

Question 8

How do we treat Heart Water?

Answer 8

**Tetracyclines & Sulfonamides

Supportive:**
DMSO & Mannitol for brain edema

Question 9

When do we vaccinate calves for Heart Water & why?

Answer 9

3 weeks
bc this is their time of innate resistance

Question 10

What is the Schmallenburg virus?

Answer 10

A Bunyavirus of the Simbu serogroup
{the other virus in Simbu: Akabane}

2 presentations

1. Fever, diarrhea, dec.milk in cattle
2. congenital malformations in cattle, sheep, & goats including scoliosis, arthrogryposis, cerebellar hypoplasia, hydrocephalus & enlarged thymus

Question 11

What differential for Akabane is seen mainly in Suffolk & Hampshire breeds of sheep, resulting in angular limb deformities commonly?

Answer 11

Heritable Chondrodysplasia Spider Lamb Syndrome
​excessive skeletal growth d/t mutation in fibroblast GF receptor
{autosomal recessive}

Question 12

How do we want to diagnose Schmallenburg virus?

Answer 12

RT-PCR