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A_First Aid Random Memorizing > neuro 3 > Flashcards

neuro 3 Flashcards

1
Q

3 most cmmon metastaes to brain

A

lung, breast, kidney

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2
Q

MCC tumor of astrocytes in children

A

pilocytic astrocytoma

benign

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3
Q

malignant high tumor of astrocytes, MCC seen in adults , high grade

A

glioblastoma multiforme

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4
Q

distribution of glioblastoma

A

CAN CROSS CORPUS CALOSUM

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5
Q

histologic hallmark glio

A

edge of necrosis “psudopallisaiding” peomorphic tumors

ENDOTHELIAL CELL PRLIFERATION

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6
Q

intermdediate filament present in glioblastoma

A

GFAP

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7
Q

adult arachnoid cell atumor

A

meningioma

more often in females

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8
Q

round mass attached to dura assocaied with seizures

A

meningioma

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9
Q

whirled appearance of cells and psamomma bodies

A

meningioma

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10
Q

schwannoma

A

benign tumor of schwanna cells

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11
Q

MCC cranial nerve and location of schwanomma

A

CN 8 at cerebellopontine angle

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12
Q

loss of hearing tinnitus

A

schwanomma

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13
Q

bilateral vestibular schwanomma found in what disease

A

NF2

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14
Q

what marker is positive in schwanomma

A

S100

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15
Q

fried egg appearance (round nuclei with clear cytoplasm()

A

oligodendroglioma

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16
Q

calcified tumor white matter usually involving frontal lobe and presents with seizures

A

oligodendroglioma

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17
Q

most common CNS tumor in children

A

pilocytic astrocytoma

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18
Q

cystic lesion with nodule growing on wall

A

pilocytic

“PILOCYSTIC” astrocytoma

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19
Q

key finding in pilocytic astrocytoma

A 
rosenthal fibers (eosinophilic corkscrew fibers)
GFAP positive
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20
Q

most common MALIGNANT tumor in children

A

medullobastoma

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21
Q

small round blue cells, homer wright rosettes…origin of tumor

A

medulloblastoma

NEUROECTODERM

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22
Q

feared complication of medulloblastoma

A

compress 4th venticle causing noncommunicating hydrocephalus and can send “DROP METASTASES” into spinal cord

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23
Q

“drop metastaes” in spinal cord

A

medulloblastoma

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24
Q

not medulloblastoma but presents with hydrocephalus

A

ependyomoma

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25
Q

key finding in ependymoma

A

perivascular pseudorosettes

typically in 4th ventricle

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26
Q

bitemporal hemianopsia in CHILD

A

craniopharyngioma

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27
Q

origin of craniopharyngioma

A

rathke’s pouch (same as adrenals)

typically assocaited with califications and CHOLESTEROL CRYSTALS

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28
Q

vertigal gaze palsy, obstructive hydrocephalus, PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY in males

A

pineal gland tumor (pinealoma)

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29
Q

consequences of cerebellar tonsillar hernation into foramen magnum

A

coma and death due to brain stem compression

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30
Q

consequences of uncal hernation

A

uncus = medial temporal lobe
compresses ipsilateral CNII (blown pupil, down and out gaze)
as well as ipsilateral PCA homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

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31
Q

consequence of transtentorial (central downward hernation)

A

paramedian basilar artery branch rupture DURECT hemorrhages

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32
Q

cingulate (herniation under falx cerebri) hernation consequence

A

compresses anterior cerebral artery

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33
Q

tumor assocaited with VHL

A

hemangioblastoma

usually found with retinal angiomas

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34
Q

epo producing tumor tumor

A

hemangioma

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35
Q

brain tumor assocaited with bHCG production

A

pinealoma

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36
Q

LP shows increased CSF protein with norlmal to low WBC (albuminocytologic dissociatoin)

A

guillan barre

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37
Q

how does campylobacter cause autoimmune attack of peripherla mylen

A

molecular mimicry

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38
Q

what will cause osmotic demyelination and what will cause cerebral edema/herniation

A

correcting hyponatremia - osmotic demyelination

correcting hypernatremia - cerebral eema

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39
Q

kinesin responsible for whta process in cells

A

MICROTUBULE assocaited TP power motor protein that facilitates ANTERIOGRADE (down axon) transport of NT containting secretory vesicles

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40
Q

fuction of nerve that exits pelivs through obdurator foramen

A 
obdurater nerve (L2 L4)
adducts thigh and sensory to distal medial thigh
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41
Q

nerve that provides motor function to aterolateral abdominal wall muscles and provies sensation of suprapubic region

A

iliiohypogastric nerve (L1 nerve root)

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42
Q

differencein eye defecit between PCA and MCA stroke

A

PCA - damages occipital cortex, results in contralateral homonymous hemianopia with MACULAR SPARING
MCA - homonymous hemianopia WITH macular INVOLVEMENT, usually presents with contralateral motor and sonsory loss

43
Q

nipple dermatome

A

T4

44
Q

what nerve roots responsible for erection and sensation of penil and anal zones

A

s2 s3 s4

s2 3 4 keeps dick off floor

45
Q

muscarinic effecton detrusor msucle of bladder

A

detosor CONTRACTION

causes peeing

46
Q

one week after stroke what will be prominent in cell ischemic tissue

A

MICROGLIA (1 week granulataion tissue phase)

47
Q

MCC cause of spontaanoues lobar hemorrhage in elderly

A

cerebral amyloid angiopathy (usually affects occipital and parietal lobes)

48
Q

non rhythmic conjugate eye movements and myoclonus in child with abdominal mass

A

neuroblastoma
djet o increased number of N-myc gene
most common extra cranial neoplasm in children
neural crest origin

49
Q

microscopic findings neuroblastoma

A

solid sheets small cells dark nuclei and scant cytoplasm

50
Q

CNX lesion where does uvula deviate

A

away from lesion (weak side collapses and points uvula away)

51
Q

how does left CN XI lesion present

A

weakness in left shoulder (trapezius) and weakness turning head to RIGHT

ipsilateral shoulder weakness in contralateral turn
(left SCM helps turn head to right)

52
Q

cn v motor lesion

A

jaw deviates TOWARDS lesion due to uonopposed force form opposite pterygoid muscle

53
Q

UMN lesion what happens to forehead

A

spared (due to bilatral forehead UMN innervation

54
Q

LMN lesion in face forehead

A

not spared (desttuction of CN 7 anywhere leads to ipsilateral paralysis of upper andlower muscles, hyperacusis, loss of taste to anterior tongue

55
Q

tuberous clerosis mutation

A

TSC1/TSC2 mutation on chromosome 16 AD

56
Q

cardiac rahbdomyoma, mental retardation, angiomyoplipoma, angiofibromas, mitra regurg

A

tuberous sclerosis

57
Q

hamartomas CNS and skin, ashleaf spots, shagreen patches

A

tuberous sclerosis

58
Q

somatic mosaicims for actiating mutaiton in one copy of GNAQ gene

A

sturge weber (encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis)

59
Q

port wine stain, tram track calcificaiotns, glaucoma

A

sturge webber

60
Q

birth mark in CN V1,V2 disribution

A

neus flammeus port wine stain seen in sturge webber

61
Q

NF1 mutation in what type of gene

A

tummor suppressor gene on chrom17

62
Q

besides bilateral acoustic schwanommas what other findings in NF2

A

juvenile cataracs, meningiomas, ependymomas (2 ears, 2 eyes, 2 parts of brain)

63
Q

bilateral renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytomas

A

VHL

64
Q

mutated gene von hippel lindau

A

VHL gene DELETION

65
Q

hemangioblastomas with angiomatosis (cavernous hemangiomas in skin

A

VHL

66
Q

where are low frequency sounds heard

A

apex near helicotema (wide and felxible)

67
Q

where are high frequency hsounds hear

A

base of chochlea (thin and rigid)

these usually go first in presbyacusis

68
Q

choleastoma is conductive hearing loss due to overgrowth of what in middle ear space

A

desquamated karatin (erodes ossicles and mastoid air cells)

69
Q

very painful red eye, sudden visoin loss, halos around lotes, frontal headache, fixed and mid dilated pupil

A

ACUTE CLOSURE glaucoam
emergency
do not give epinephirine because it casues mydriasis

70
Q

accumulation pus anterior chamber, conjucivitis

A

uveitis

associated with HLAb27 conditions

71
Q

deposition of yellowish extracellular material in retinal pigment epitheliam on pigment exam

A

age related dry macular degeneration

72
Q

wet vs dry macular degen

A

dry - non exudative, has those yellow drussen deposits,

wet - exudative has rapid loss of vision due to choroidal NEOVASCULARISATION treat with anti VEGF

73
Q

f=what to look for in DM retinopatyh

A

look for damaged capillaries on fundoscopic, black hemorhagges (dark spots)plus macular edema

74
Q

dilated retinal artery plus compression

A

retinal vein occlusion

75
Q

crinkling retinal tissue

A

retinal detachment

76
Q

flashes floaters, curtai drawin down in one eye

A

retinal detachment

77
Q

which nerve mediates miosis and nucles

A

CN III via edinger westphal nucleus

parasympathetic

78
Q

marcus gunn pupil

A

APD (optic nerve damage or retinal injuyr

decreased constriction when light is shined on affected eye compared to unaffced eye

79
Q

Horner syndrome assocaied with what psinal location

A

anything above T1

80
Q

eyes move upwad particularly with contralateral gaze, toruble moving down stairs, needs to tilt head opposite direction

A

cn iv damage trochlear nerve

81
Q

ptosis down and out gaze

A

cn III motor injyr (usually form vascular dises)

82
Q

blown pupil down and out gaze, absent pupillar light reflex

A

cn III parasympathetic lesion from compression or aneurysm, PCOM, uncal hernation

83
Q

rihgt tempora lesion or MCA results in what

A

left upper quadrantanopia

84
Q

right parietal lesion, MCA results in

A

left lower qudrantinopia

85
Q

how to differentiate between temporal and parietal lesion

A

tempora - upper

paraietal - lower qudrantanipa

86
Q

central scotoma

A

macular degneration

87
Q

hemanopia with macular SPARING

A

PCA infarct

88
Q

decreased maxillary sensaiton, variable ophtalmoplegia, decreased corneal sensation, horner syndrome,

A

cavernous sinus snydomre
secondary to pituatary tumor mass effect or cavernous sinus thrombois
CN VI most suspectibel to injury

89
Q

sturcute injured in INO

A

medial longitudinal fasiculas

happens in MS

90
Q

treatment for absence seizures

A

ethosuximide

SUX TO HAVE SILENT SEIZURES

91
Q

sie effects ethosux

A 
EFGHIJ
Ethosux causes
Fatigue
GI edisress
Headache
Itching
and stevenJohnson syndrome
92
Q

sensory impairment in palmar surface of first 3 digits and radial half of 3 digits often bilateral

A

nerve compression Carpal tunnel syndrome of median nerve

93
Q

HIV patient with CD4 count 158 presents with weakness, visual chagnes, and speech difficulties which has been getting worse over past few weeks
MRI shows multiple NONenhancing lesions in brain

A

JC virus (polyoma)

94
Q

renal transplant patient presents with gross hematuria nd fever

A

hemorrhagic cystiitis from BK virus (polyoma)

95
Q

what to adminster with levodopa

A

cabidopa (inhibits DOPA decarboxylase

this incraesse bioavailability of L-dopa and limit peripheral side ffects

96
Q

MOA capsaicin

A

release and DEPLETION o fubsstance P…defunctionalization o f nociceptive nerve fibers

97
Q

surgery patient develops acute hepatitis in post op period (days- weeks after) due to what med

A

halogentaed inhaled anesthetics (halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, desflurane

ANE drugs

98
Q

patient coems in with organophosphate toxicity and given atropine…why must you also give pralidoxime

A

atropine is a muscarinic blocker only at MUSCARINIC affects but doesn’t block NICITONIC effects like MUSCLE PARALYSIS….pralidoxime hasmuscarinic and nicotinic effects

99
Q

MOA barbituates (thiopental) vs benzos

A

barbituates increase DURATION of CL channels opening, longer acting
benzos - increase FREQUENCY of opening of GABA chloride channels….more short acting

100
Q

TB med that causes optic neuropathy

A

ethambutol

101
Q

TB med that cauess red orange pee discoloration

A

rifampin

102
Q

why is tazobactam added to pipercillin

A

decrease destruction by beta lactamase enzyme of bacteria

103
Q

MOA acyclovir valacyclor famciciclovir

A

nucleoside analog which is incoporated into virus DNA by thymidine kinase which competes for viral DNA polymerase…

A_First Aid Random Memorizing (17 decks)

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