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A_First Aid Random Memorizing > msk > Flashcards

msk Flashcards

1
Q

achondroplasia mutation

A

AD activation of FGFR3

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2
Q

why are sclera blue in OI

A

exposure choroidal veins

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3
Q

abnormally thick bone no resportption, easy to fracture, pancytopenia and extramedullary hematopoeiss

A

osteoetrosis
too much osteoblast
not enough osteoclast

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4
Q

osteopetrosis mutation

A

carbonic anyhdrase II (bone needs acid in order to undergo resorption) so no resorption

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5
Q

rx osteopetrosis

A

bone marrow transplant (gives bone ability to make normal osteoclasts (monocytes)

osteoclasts dervie from monocytes

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6
Q

pigeon breast deformity, frontal bossing, rachitic rosary leg bowing

A

rickets (children)

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7
Q

osteoid depostions abnormal

A

rickets

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8
Q

low Ca, low phos, increased PTH, incersaed alk phos

A

osteomalacia (vit D def)

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9
Q

increasd alk phos =

A

increasd osteoBLAST activity (creates alkaline environment in order to minerLize bone)

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10
Q

pathway smooth muscle CONTRACTION

A

Ca enters Ltype voltage gated Ca channels increases intracellular Ca , increases Ca calmodulin compelx, increases MYOSIN LIGHT CHIAN KINASE = contraction

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11
Q

pathwya smooth muscle relaxation

A

No increases cGMP (from gtp), incresas myosin light chain PHOSPHATASE

light chain kinase -= kontraction
light chain phosphatase = relaxation

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12
Q

ossification defective in achondro

A

endochondral ossification (axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, base of skull

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13
Q

which bones undergo membranous ossificaiton

A

bones of calvarium , facila, bones clavicle

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14
Q

abnormal labs in osteoporosis

A

NONE

ALL ARE NORMAL

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15
Q

MOA bisphos

A

inhibit osteoclasts

bind hydroxapatitie

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16
Q

MOA paget disesae

A

imablane between osteolast and osteoblast

increased osteoclast and then mixed osteoblast and clast then later increased ostoblast (osteoclast gets burns out)

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17
Q

increasing hat size, lion liek faces, hearing loss

A

paget

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18
Q

isoalted alk phos

A

paget (normal Ca PTH

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19
Q

cardiac complciation paget

A

high output cariac failure (av shunts) (weird bone = increased av shunts)

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20
Q

paget increases risk of…

A

osteogenic sarcoma

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21
Q

MCC site aseptic necrosis

A

femoral head due to insufficeincy of medial circumfelx femoral artery

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22
Q

increase risk of what in dermatomyositis

A

OCCULT MALIGNANCY (usually stomach)

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23
Q

can’t comb hair, can’t climb stairs…rash (malar) or upper eyelids, red papules on elbows

A

dermatomyositis

24
Q

ANA+ +antijo1 increasd CK

A

dermatomyositis

25
Q

perimysial inflmmation adn atrophy with CD4 t cells

A

dermatomysitis

26
Q

T cells involved in dermatomyositis

A

CD4

27
Q

proximal muscle weakness without rash ENDOmysial inflammation (CD*)

A

polymositis

CD8 inflammation

28
Q

replaced skeletal muscle by adipose tissue

A

x-linked muscular dystrophy

29
Q

largest gene human genome

A

dystorphin DMD links cytoskeletin to transmembrane with a and b dysroglyacan (ECM)

30
Q

calf psudohypertrophy

A

duchenne

31
Q

MCC death duchenne

A

dilated cardiomyopathy or respiratory failure

32
Q

how will ACHE affect mg VS LAMERT EATON

A

ache will reverse myastehnia

will not reverse lambert eaten

33
Q

thymic hyperplasia or thymoma

A

myasthenia gravis

34
Q

cardiac rhabdomyoma

A

tuberous sclerosis

35
Q

MCC soft tissue tumor children

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

36
Q

desmin psoitive

A

rhabdomyoblast

37
Q

characteristic of RA

A

inflmamatioon induces formaiton of PANNUS (prliferative granulation tissue) which erodes articular artilage and bone

38
Q

OA vs RA presentation

A

oa - pain worsens with use,asymmetric, no systemic systmpsoms
ra - pain IMPROVES with use, morning stiffness, systmeic symptoms, symmetrical

39
Q

OA vs RA - dsitrubution

A

OA - DIP and PIP

RA - DIP spared

40
Q

OA vs RA - findings in joint

A

OA - osteophytes (bone spurs),

RA - erosions, osteopenia, soft tissue swelling

41
Q

rhematoid factor antibody structure

A

IgM antibody against Fc portion of IgG (rheumatoid factor) marker of disease

42
Q

RA synovial fluid

A

neutrophils and high protein

43
Q

bamboo spine

A

ankylosing spondylitis

44
Q

cardiac complication of ankylosing spondylitsi

A

aortititis (aortic regurg)

45
Q

orgaisms that can cause reactive arthritis

A 
ShY ChiCS
shigella
yersenia
chlamydia
campylobacter
salmonella
46
Q

skin psorisais and nail lesions…sausage finger toes

A

psoriatic arthritis

47
Q

MCC infectious arthritis

A

gonarrhea

s aureus

48
Q

monosodium urate crystals in joints

A

gout

49
Q

needle shaped crystals negative bifringence underpolarized light

A

gout (crystals law LOW YELLOW) paraLLel YeLLow

50
Q

rhomboid crystals postiive bifrignetn

A

pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate stones)

51
Q

MOA allopurinol

A

competitive inhibits xanthine oxidase (decreasd PRODUCTION)

useful in PREVENTING gout not acute

52
Q

MOA febuxostat

A

inhibits xanthin oxidase

53
Q

MOA probenecid

A

inhibits REABSORPTION of uric acid(pee it out…can precpitate uric acid calculi

54
Q

acute got drugs

A

NSAIDs glucocorticoids, colciine

55
Q

MOA colchicine

A

inhibits microtubule polymerazition

A_First Aid Random Memorizing (17 decks)

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