Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment for subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Nimodipine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the time gap that tPa can be used for a stroke

A

4.5hrs—pt presents w/in 3hrs of onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Treatment for cluster HA

A

inhaled O2

sumatriptan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Abortive therapy for migraine

A

Triptans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prophylactic therapy for migraine

A

propranolol

topiramate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the alpha blocker s used for glaucoma and MOA for this

A

Epinephrine–decrease aqueous humor syn by VC

Brimonidine—Decrease aquaous humor syn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

toxicity associated with use of epi and Brimonidine for glaucoma

A 
Mydriasis
blurry vision
ocular hyperremia
FB sensation
ocular allergic Rxn
ocula pruritus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List the beta blockers used for glaucoma and the MOA

A

Timolol
betaxolol
carteolol
decrease aqueous humor syn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List the diurectic used for glaucoma and the MOA for this

A

Acetazolamide

decreases aqueous humor syn via inhibition of Carbonic anhydrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List the cloinomimetics used for glaucoma

A

direct: pilocarpin, carbachol
Indirect: physostigmine, echothiophate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do the cholinomimetics increase aqueous humor outflow

A

by contraction of ciliary muscle and opening of the trabecular meshwork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When is pilocarpine used

A

only during emergencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Toxicities associated with using cholinomimetics for glaucoma

A

miosis

cyclospasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the prostaglandin used for glaucoma and the MOA for this

A

Latanoprost PGF2alpha

increases outflow of aquaos humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Latanaprost toxicity

A

darkens color of the iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List all of the opioid analgesics

A 
Morphine
fentanyl
codeine
heroin
methadone
meperidine
dextromethorphan
diphynoxylate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Opioid MOA

A

opening K+ channels an d closing Ca2+ channels reducing transmission
Inhibit release of Ach, NE, 5-HT, glutamate, subsstance P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

List the receptor that opoid inhibit

A

mu–morphine
delta–enkephalin
kaapa–dynorphin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which of the opiod is used for coudh suppression in additon to pain

A

dextromehtorphan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which opioid is used for diarrhea inaddition to pain

A

diphenoxylate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Opiods are also used for

A

acute pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Opiod toxicity

A 
Addiction
Respiratory depression
constipation--no tolerance!
Miosis---no tolerance to this
Additive CNS depression with other drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Treatment of opioid intoxication

A

Naloxone

naltrexone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Butophenol MOA

A

Mu-opiod partial agonist

kappa-opioid receptor agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Butophenol use
Severe pain | ex: migraine and labor
26
Butorphanol toxicity and problems
causes less Resp depression than opiods but overdose less reversible with naloxone withdrawal SXs if taking opioid at the same time b/c it competes for opioid receptors
27
Tramadol MOA
Weak opiod agonist | inhbits the Serotonin and NE reuptake
28
Tramadol use and toxicity
Chronic pain Decrease SEIZURE threshold other toxicities similar to opioids
29
List all the epilepsy drugs (12)
``` Phenytoin carbamezepine Lamotrogine Gabapentin Topiramate phenobarbital valproic acid Ethosuximide Benzodiazepine:diazepam or lorazepam Tigabine Vigabatrin Levetiracetam ```
30
first line treatment for Status epilepticus
phenytoin | diazepam or lorazepam
31
Phenytoin MOA
``` inhibits glutamater release by blockade of Na+ channels class IB antiarrythmic ```
32
Phenytoin toxicities
``` nystagmus ataxia diplopia sedation SLE-like syndrome indcutor of P-450 gingival hyperplasia in kids peripheral neuropathy hirsutism megaloblastic anemia--reduce folate absorption Teratogen Steve johnson' syndrome lymphadnopathy ```
33
Carbamazepine MOA
Na+ channel inactivation
34
Carbamazepine uses
1st line Simple, complex and tonic clonic seizures | 1st line for trigeminal neuralgia
35
Carbamazepine toxicities
``` Diplopia agranulocytosis aplastic anemia liver toxicity teratogenesis induction of P-450 SIADH Stevens-johnson syndrome ```
36
Lamotrogine MOA and use
blocks voltage gated N+ channels | seizures
37
Lamotrogine toxicity
Steven johnson syndrome
38
Gabapentin MOA
A GABA analog that primarily inhibits voltage gated Ca2+ channels
39
Gabapentin uses
``` seizures peripheral neuropathy neuralgia Migaraine prophylaxis Bipolar d/o ```
40
Gabapentin toxicity
Ataxia | sedation
41
Topiramate MOA and uses
Na+ channel blocker and increase GABA action | Seizures and Migraine prevention
42
Topiramate toxicity
Sedation Mental dulling kidney stones weight loss
43
Phenobarbital MOA and use
Increase GABA A action | 1st line for seizures in children
44
Phenobarbital toxicity
sedation tolerance dependence induction of P-450
45
Valproic acid MOA
increases Na+ channel inactivation | increases GABA concentration
46
Valproic acid use
1st line for tonic-clonic seizure | other seizure including myoclonic seizures
47
Valproic acid toxicity
``` GI distress Rare but fatal hepatotoxicity Neural tube defects--spina bifida tremor weight gain CONTRAINDICATEd in Preg ```
48
Ethosuximide MOA and use
Blocks thalamic T-type Ca2+ channels | 1st line for Absence seizure
49
Ethosuximide toxicity
``` GI distress fatigue HA urticaria Steven-johnson's syndrome ```
50
Tiagabine MOA and uses
inhibits GABA reuptake | simple and complex seizures
51
Vigabatrin MOA and use
irreversibly inhibits GABA transaminase= increased GABA | simple and complex seizure
52
Levetiracetam uses
seizures
53
List the barbiturates
Phenobarbital pentobarbital thiopental secobarbital
54
BarbiDURAtes MOA
increase DURATION Cl- channel opening facilitating GABA A action and decreasing firing
55
Barbiturates is contraindicated in
Porphyria
56
BArbiturate uses
Sedation for anxiety seizures insomnia Thiopental--induction of anesthesia
57
Barbiturates toxicity
Respiratory and CV depression that can be fatal CNS deperession--worse with ETOH induces P-450
58
List the Benzodiazepines
``` Diazepam Lorazepam triazolam temazepam oxazepams midazolam chlordiazepoxide alprazolam ```
59
Benzodiazepine MOA
Increases the frequency of Cl- channel opening increasinf GABA A action increase REM sleep
60
List the benzos that are short acting and = abuse potential
Triazolam oxazepam midazolam
61
Benzos use
``` Anxiety spasticity status epilepticus( diazepam and lorazepam) Detoxification esp ETOH DTs night terrors sleep walking general anesthsia hypnotic for insomnia ```
62
Benzo's toxicity
Dependence Additive CNS depression with ETOH lower risk for resp and CV depression than barbituates
63
Treatment of Benzo's overdose and MOA
Flumazenil | competitive antagonist at GABA benzo receptor
64
List the non-benzodiazepam hypnotics
Zolpidem(ambien) Zaleplon Eszopiclone
65
non benzo hypnotic MOA and use
act at the BZI receptor which is a subtype of GABA R | insomnia
66
Non benzo hypnotic toxicity and treatment
``` ataxia HA confusion Lower dependence risk rapid metabolism by liver--so short duration Flumazenil ```
67
List the inhaled anesthetics
``` Halothane enflurane isoflurane sevoflurane methoxyflurane nitrous oxide ```
68
Effects of inhaled anesthetic
Myocardial depression respiratory depression N/V increase cerebral BF to decrease its metabolic demand
69
Inhaled anesthetics toxicity
``` Halothane: hepatotoxic Methoxyflurane: nephrotoxic Enflurane: procaogulative all except NO: Malignant hyperthermia NO: expansion of trapped gas in body cavity ```
70
List the drugs that can be used as intraveneous anesthetics
``` Barbituates Benzos Arylcyclohexyalmines( ketamine) Opioids--Morphine/Fentanyl Propofol ```
71
Barbituate used for anesthesia and uses
Thiopental; | induction of anethesia and short surgs
72
Benzo used for anesthesia
Midazolam--most commonly used in endoscopy
73
Arylcyclohexylamine(ketamine)'s MOA as anesthetic
PCP analog--blocks NMDA receptors
74
Ketamine effects
CV stimulant increase cerebral BF hallucinations and bad dreams
75
Propofol uses
Sedation in ICU rapid anesthetia induction short procedure potentiates GABA A
76
List the local anesthetics
Esters: Procaine, cocaine, tetracaine Amides:Lidocaine, Mepivacaine, bupivacaine
77
Local anesthetics MOA
binds to receptors on inner portion of and block NA+ channels
78
Local anesthetic uses
Minor surgical procedures | spinal anethesia
79
Local anesthetic toxicities
``` CNS excitation Bupivacaine--severely CV toxic HTN HypoTN arrhythmias--cocaine ```
80
Order of loss following local anesthetia
Pain Temperature touch pressure
81
Giving local anesthetics with a VC like Epi has what effect
enhance local effect reduce bleeding decreases systemic conc of it
82
Which drug is a depolaring neuromuscular blocking agent | and effects
Succinlcholine muscle paralysis
83
succinlycholine toxicity and antidote
Hypercalcemia hypekalemia malignant hypethermia phase1--depolarization---no antidote phase2--repolarization: cholinesterase inhibitor ex neostigmine
84
List the nondepolaring neuromuscular blocking drugs
``` Tubocurarine atracurium mivacurium pancuronium vecuronium rocuronium ```
85
MOA of the nondepolarizing NM blockingdrugs
competitive antagonist of Ach receptors
86
Drugs tocounter NM blocking drugs
Neostigmine | edrophonium
87
Dantrolene MOA
prevetns release of Ca2+ from the SR of SKM
88
Dantrolene use
Malignant hyperthemia treatment | neuroleptic malignant syndrome
89
What are the two problems to treat in parkinson's disease
loss of dopamine | excess cholinergic activity
90
List the dopamine agonist
Bromocriptane pramipexole ropinirole
91
These drugs increase dopamine
Amantadine | L-dopa/carbidopa
92
other uses of amantidine and toxicity
antiviral against Flu A and rubella | ataxia
93
these drugs prevent dopamine breakdown
Selegiline entacapone tocalpone
94
These drugs curb excess cholinergic activity in parkinson's | and effect
Benztropine | improves tremor and rigidity but not bradykinesis
95
Mechanism of Levodopa
crosses the BBB(unlike dopamine) and is converted to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase
96
Carbidopa is given with Levodopa why
to increase bioavailabilty and reduce peripheral conversion
97
L-dopa/carbidopa toxicity
Arrhythmias--increases peripheral cathcholamines dyskinesia akinesia btw doses
98
Selegilline MOA
Selectively inhibits MAO-B which preferentially metabolizes dopamine(over 5-HT and NE)--increasing availability of dopamine
99
Selegiline use and toxicities
adjunctive for treatment of parkinsons | may enhance adverse effects of L-dopa
100
How does Memantine work for alzheimer
NMDA receptor antagonist by preventing excitatotoxicity mediated by Ca2+
101
Memantine toxicity
Dizziness confusion hallucinations
102
list the acetycholinesterase inhibitors used for alzheimer
Donepezil Galantamine rivastigmine
103
List the drugs for Huntington's
Tetrabenazine and reserpine | Haloperidol
104
Tetrabenazine and reserpine MOA for huntington's
inhibits VMAT | limit dopamine vesicle packaging and release
105
Haloperidol MOA for huntington's
dopamine receptor antagonist
106
Sumatriptan uses
cluster HA | migraine's
107
sumatriptan MOA for HAs/migraine
5-HT 1b/1D agonist inhibits trigeminal nerve activation prevents vasoactive peptide release induces vasocinstriction
108
Sumatriptan toxicity
Coronary vasospasm | mild tingling
109
Sumatriptan is contraindicated in
pts with CAD | Prinzmetal's angina

Pharmacology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions