Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment for subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Nimodipine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the time gap that tPa can be used for a stroke

A

4.5hrs—pt presents w/in 3hrs of onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Treatment for cluster HA

A

inhaled O2

sumatriptan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Abortive therapy for migraine

A

Triptans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prophylactic therapy for migraine

A

propranolol

topiramate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the alpha blocker s used for glaucoma and MOA for this

A

Epinephrine–decrease aqueous humor syn by VC

Brimonidine—Decrease aquaous humor syn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

toxicity associated with use of epi and Brimonidine for glaucoma

A 
Mydriasis
blurry vision
ocular hyperremia
FB sensation
ocular allergic Rxn
ocula pruritus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List the beta blockers used for glaucoma and the MOA

A

Timolol
betaxolol
carteolol
decrease aqueous humor syn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List the diurectic used for glaucoma and the MOA for this

A

Acetazolamide

decreases aqueous humor syn via inhibition of Carbonic anhydrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List the cloinomimetics used for glaucoma

A

direct: pilocarpin, carbachol
Indirect: physostigmine, echothiophate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do the cholinomimetics increase aqueous humor outflow

A

by contraction of ciliary muscle and opening of the trabecular meshwork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When is pilocarpine used

A

only during emergencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Toxicities associated with using cholinomimetics for glaucoma

A

miosis

cyclospasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the prostaglandin used for glaucoma and the MOA for this

A

Latanoprost PGF2alpha

increases outflow of aquaos humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Latanaprost toxicity

A

darkens color of the iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List all of the opioid analgesics

A 
Morphine
fentanyl
codeine
heroin
methadone
meperidine
dextromethorphan
diphynoxylate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Opioid MOA

A

opening K+ channels an d closing Ca2+ channels reducing transmission
Inhibit release of Ach, NE, 5-HT, glutamate, subsstance P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

List the receptor that opoid inhibit

A

mu–morphine
delta–enkephalin
kaapa–dynorphin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which of the opiod is used for coudh suppression in additon to pain

A

dextromehtorphan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which opioid is used for diarrhea inaddition to pain

A

diphenoxylate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Opiods are also used for

A

acute pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Opiod toxicity

A 
Addiction
Respiratory depression
constipation--no tolerance!
Miosis---no tolerance to this
Additive CNS depression with other drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Treatment of opioid intoxication

A

Naloxone

naltrexone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Butophenol MOA

A

Mu-opiod partial agonist

kappa-opioid receptor agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Butophenol use

A

Severe pain

ex: migraine and labor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Butorphanol toxicity and problems

A

causes less Resp depression than opiods but overdose less reversible with naloxone
withdrawal SXs if taking opioid at the same time b/c it competes for opioid receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Tramadol MOA

A

Weak opiod agonist

inhbits the Serotonin and NE reuptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Tramadol use and toxicity

A

Chronic pain
Decrease SEIZURE threshold
other toxicities similar to opioids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

List all the epilepsy drugs (12)

A 
Phenytoin
carbamezepine
Lamotrogine
Gabapentin
Topiramate
phenobarbital
valproic acid
Ethosuximide
Benzodiazepine:diazepam or lorazepam
Tigabine
Vigabatrin
Levetiracetam
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

first line treatment for Status epilepticus

A

phenytoin

diazepam or lorazepam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Phenytoin MOA

A 
inhibits glutamater release by blockade of Na+ channels
class IB antiarrythmic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Phenytoin toxicities

A 
nystagmus
ataxia
diplopia
sedation
SLE-like syndrome
indcutor of P-450
gingival hyperplasia in kids
peripheral neuropathy
hirsutism
megaloblastic anemia--reduce folate absorption
Teratogen
Steve johnson' syndrome
lymphadnopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Carbamazepine MOA

A

Na+ channel inactivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Carbamazepine uses

A

1st line Simple, complex and tonic clonic seizures

1st line for trigeminal neuralgia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Carbamazepine toxicities

A 
Diplopia
agranulocytosis
aplastic anemia
liver toxicity
teratogenesis
induction of P-450
SIADH
Stevens-johnson syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Lamotrogine MOA and use

A

blocks voltage gated N+ channels

seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Lamotrogine toxicity

A

Steven johnson syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Gabapentin MOA

A

A GABA analog that primarily inhibits voltage gated Ca2+ channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Gabapentin uses

A 
seizures
peripheral neuropathy
neuralgia
Migaraine prophylaxis
Bipolar d/o
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Gabapentin toxicity

A

Ataxia

sedation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Topiramate MOA and uses

A

Na+ channel blocker and increase GABA action

Seizures and Migraine prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Topiramate toxicity

A

Sedation
Mental dulling
kidney stones
weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Phenobarbital MOA and use

A

Increase GABA A action

1st line for seizures in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Phenobarbital toxicity

A

sedation
tolerance
dependence
induction of P-450

45
Q

Valproic acid MOA

A

increases Na+ channel inactivation

increases GABA concentration

46
Q

Valproic acid use

A

1st line for tonic-clonic seizure

other seizure including myoclonic seizures

47
Q

Valproic acid toxicity

A 
GI distress
Rare but fatal hepatotoxicity
Neural tube defects--spina bifida
tremor
weight gain
CONTRAINDICATEd in Preg
48
Q

Ethosuximide MOA and use

A

Blocks thalamic T-type Ca2+ channels

1st line for Absence seizure

49
Q

Ethosuximide toxicity

A 
GI distress
fatigue
HA
urticaria
Steven-johnson's syndrome
50
Q

Tiagabine MOA and uses

A

inhibits GABA reuptake

simple and complex seizures

51
Q

Vigabatrin MOA and use

A

irreversibly inhibits GABA transaminase= increased GABA

simple and complex seizure

52
Q

Levetiracetam uses

A

seizures

53
Q

List the barbiturates

A

Phenobarbital
pentobarbital
thiopental
secobarbital

54
Q

BarbiDURAtes MOA

A

increase DURATION Cl- channel opening facilitating GABA A action and decreasing firing

55
Q

Barbiturates is contraindicated in

A

Porphyria

56
Q

BArbiturate uses

A

Sedation for anxiety
seizures
insomnia
Thiopental–induction of anesthesia

57
Q

Barbiturates toxicity

A

Respiratory and CV depression that can be fatal
CNS deperession–worse with ETOH
induces P-450

58
Q

List the Benzodiazepines

A 
Diazepam
Lorazepam
triazolam
temazepam
oxazepams
midazolam
chlordiazepoxide
alprazolam
59
Q

Benzodiazepine MOA

A

Increases the frequency of Cl- channel opening increasinf GABA A action
increase REM sleep

60
Q

List the benzos that are short acting and = abuse potential

A

Triazolam
oxazepam
midazolam

61
Q

Benzos use

A 
Anxiety
spasticity
status epilepticus( diazepam and lorazepam)
Detoxification esp ETOH DTs
night terrors
sleep walking
general anesthsia
hypnotic for insomnia
62
Q

Benzo’s toxicity

A

Dependence
Additive CNS depression with ETOH
lower risk for resp and CV depression than barbituates

63
Q

Treatment of Benzo’s overdose and MOA

A

Flumazenil

competitive antagonist at GABA benzo receptor

64
Q

List the non-benzodiazepam hypnotics

A

Zolpidem(ambien)
Zaleplon
Eszopiclone

65
Q

non benzo hypnotic MOA and use

A

act at the BZI receptor which is a subtype of GABA R

insomnia

66
Q

Non benzo hypnotic toxicity and treatment

A 
ataxia
HA
confusion
Lower dependence risk
rapid metabolism by liver--so short duration
Flumazenil
67
Q

List the inhaled anesthetics

A 
Halothane
enflurane
isoflurane
sevoflurane
methoxyflurane
nitrous oxide
68
Q

Effects of inhaled anesthetic

A

Myocardial depression
respiratory depression
N/V
increase cerebral BF to decrease its metabolic demand

69
Q

Inhaled anesthetics toxicity

A 
Halothane: hepatotoxic
Methoxyflurane: nephrotoxic
Enflurane: procaogulative
all except NO: Malignant hyperthermia
NO: expansion of trapped gas in body cavity
70
Q

List the drugs that can be used as intraveneous anesthetics

A 
Barbituates
Benzos
Arylcyclohexyalmines( ketamine)
Opioids--Morphine/Fentanyl
Propofol
71
Q

Barbituate used for anesthesia and uses

A

Thiopental;

induction of anethesia and short surgs

72
Q

Benzo used for anesthesia

A

Midazolam–most commonly used in endoscopy

73
Q

Arylcyclohexylamine(ketamine)’s MOA as anesthetic

A

PCP analog–blocks NMDA receptors

74
Q

Ketamine effects

A

CV stimulant
increase cerebral BF
hallucinations and bad dreams

75
Q

Propofol uses

A

Sedation in ICU
rapid anesthetia induction
short procedure
potentiates GABA A

76
Q

List the local anesthetics

A

Esters: Procaine, cocaine, tetracaine
Amides:Lidocaine, Mepivacaine, bupivacaine

77
Q

Local anesthetics MOA

A

binds to receptors on inner portion of and block NA+ channels

78
Q

Local anesthetic uses

A

Minor surgical procedures

spinal anethesia

79
Q

Local anesthetic toxicities

A 
CNS excitation
Bupivacaine--severely CV toxic
HTN
HypoTN
arrhythmias--cocaine
80
Q

Order of loss following local anesthetia

A

Pain
Temperature
touch
pressure

81
Q

Giving local anesthetics with a VC like Epi has what effect

A

enhance local effect
reduce bleeding
decreases systemic conc of it

82
Q

Which drug is a depolaring neuromuscular blocking agent

and effects

A

Succinlcholine

muscle paralysis

83
Q

succinlycholine toxicity and antidote

A

Hypercalcemia
hypekalemia
malignant hypethermia

phase1–depolarization—no antidote
phase2–repolarization: cholinesterase inhibitor ex neostigmine

84
Q

List the nondepolaring neuromuscular blocking drugs

A 
Tubocurarine
atracurium
mivacurium
pancuronium
vecuronium
rocuronium
85
Q

MOA of the nondepolarizing NM blockingdrugs

A

competitive antagonist of Ach receptors

86
Q

Drugs tocounter NM blocking drugs

A

Neostigmine

edrophonium

87
Q

Dantrolene MOA

A

prevetns release of Ca2+ from the SR of SKM

88
Q

Dantrolene use

A

Malignant hyperthemia treatment

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

89
Q

What are the two problems to treat in parkinson’s disease

A

loss of dopamine

excess cholinergic activity

90
Q

List the dopamine agonist

A

Bromocriptane
pramipexole
ropinirole

91
Q

These drugs increase dopamine

A

Amantadine

L-dopa/carbidopa

92
Q

other uses of amantidine and toxicity

A

antiviral against Flu A and rubella

ataxia

93
Q

these drugs prevent dopamine breakdown

A

Selegiline
entacapone
tocalpone

94
Q

These drugs curb excess cholinergic activity in parkinson’s

and effect

A

Benztropine

improves tremor and rigidity but not bradykinesis

95
Q

Mechanism of Levodopa

A

crosses the BBB(unlike dopamine) and is converted to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase

96
Q

Carbidopa is given with Levodopa why

A

to increase bioavailabilty and reduce peripheral conversion

97
Q

L-dopa/carbidopa toxicity

A

Arrhythmias–increases peripheral cathcholamines
dyskinesia
akinesia btw doses

98
Q

Selegilline MOA

A

Selectively inhibits MAO-B which preferentially metabolizes dopamine(over 5-HT and NE)–increasing availability of dopamine

99
Q

Selegiline use and toxicities

A

adjunctive for treatment of parkinsons

may enhance adverse effects of L-dopa

100
Q

How does Memantine work for alzheimer

A

NMDA receptor antagonist by preventing excitatotoxicity mediated by Ca2+

101
Q

Memantine toxicity

A

Dizziness
confusion
hallucinations

102
Q

list the acetycholinesterase inhibitors used for alzheimer

A

Donepezil
Galantamine
rivastigmine

103
Q

List the drugs for Huntington’s

A

Tetrabenazine and reserpine

Haloperidol

104
Q

Tetrabenazine and reserpine MOA for huntington’s

A

inhibits VMAT

limit dopamine vesicle packaging and release

105
Q

Haloperidol MOA for huntington’s

A

dopamine receptor antagonist

106
Q

Sumatriptan uses

A

cluster HA

migraine’s

107
Q

sumatriptan MOA for HAs/migraine

A

5-HT 1b/1D agonist
inhibits trigeminal nerve activation
prevents vasoactive peptide release
induces vasocinstriction

108
Q

Sumatriptan toxicity

A

Coronary vasospasm

mild tingling

109
Q

Sumatriptan is contraindicated in

A

pts with CAD

Prinzmetal’s angina

Pharmacology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions